Economic and Sustainable Development by Made Antara
From samilirity (SRI.S)
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paper text:
PROCEEDING 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD) “Global Sustainable Development” 28 February - 1 March 2015 Bali, Indonesia Edited by: Dr. Drs. I Made Sukamerta, S.Pd., M.Pd
51Prof. Dr. Ir. I Gst. Ngr. Alit Wiswasta, MP
Prof. Sundani Nurono Soewandhi Prof. Abu Bakar Darussalam Dr. Ir. I Ketut Widnyana, M,Si Ir. I Made Tamba, MP Dr. Ir. I Ketut Sumantra, MP Universitas Mahasaraswati Press i PROCEEDING OF 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ICSD) ISBN 978-602-18622-7-8 Published by Universitas Maharasaswati Press Jalan Kamboja No. 11 A, Denpasar, Bali. INDONESIA February 2015 Copyright © 2015 by Universitas Maharasaswati Press Jalan Kamboja No. 11 A, Denpasar, Bali INDONESIA Phone/Fax +62361227019 Website : http://www.unmas.ac.id/ Email : [email protected] ii TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE
... iii TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ...iv ORGANIZING
COMMITTEE...v TABLE OF
CONTENTS... vii COMMITTEE REPORT ...xvi OPENING SPEECH
... xviii KEYNOTE SPEAKERS CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SUSTAINABLE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: THE PETRONAS INITIATIVE DA Bakar and NA Aziz ... 1-14 GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT: REPOSITION OF SOCIAL AND CULTURE OF KOLOK PEOPLE Sundani Nurono Soewandhi ... 15-16 SLUGGISH BUT STRENGTHENING:
INDONESIA’S DECLINING DISECONOMIES OF AGGLOMERATION Jennifer Day
... 17-31 TRACK 1. REGIONAL PLANNING, AGRICULTURE, AND ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS ON THE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BOGANI NANI WARTABONE NATIONAL PARK, GORONTALO PROVINCE Irwan Bempah, E.K.S. Harini Muntasib, Arzyana Sunka, and Rinekso Soekmadi ... 33-43 SOIL IMPROVEMENT OF NICKEL POST MINING WITH SAGO WASTE TREATMENT Lies Indriyani , Hasbullah Syaf , and Arsy Aysyah Anas ... 44-52 THE CONSERVATION OF ENDEMIC AND ENDANGERED SPECIES KALAPPIA CELEBICA KOSTERM THROUGH CUTTINGS PROPAGATION AND AMF POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT Asrianti Arif , Faisal Danu Tuheteru, and Husna ... 53-65 QUALITY OF MINING GOLD TAILING CONCRETE:CONSISTENCY AND STRENGTH PROPERTIES Amalia and
Murdiyoto... 66-73 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN BALI COASTAL AREAS TO BE CREATIVE DESTINATION I Made Bayu Wisnawa, I Ketut Sutapa, and Luh Komang Chandra
Dewi... 74-88 THE INFLUENCE OF COMPOST ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF LOCAL CASSAVA TYPE Sofyan Samad, Abd Wahab Hasyim, Hamidin Rasulu, and Hasbullah ... 89-93 vii THE POTENCY OF ETTAWAH DESCENDANT GOAT FECES THAT FED IN DIFFERENT LEVEL OF CONCENTRATE AND FORAGE DIETS AS A SOURCE OF SUISTANABLE ORGANIC FERTILIZER Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata, Anastasia Sischa Jati Utami, and I Wayan Sudarma ... 94-102 THE DISPARITY
ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN REGENCY IN THE EX KARESIDENAN MADIUN, PROVINCE OF EAST JAVA Eko Wahjudi and Hendry Cahyono ... 103-112 THE IMPACT OF TO BALI TOLL ROAD TO THE ECONOMY OF THE BALINESE COMMUNITY I Putu Astawa
... 113-116 MOSAIC DISEASE: AS A CHALLENGE FOR SOYBEAN PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEAST SULAWESI Muhammad Taufik, Gusnawaty HS, Asmar Hasan, and Muhammad Danial Rahim ... 117-124 FACILITATION OF BROILER CHICKEN FARMING BASED ON LOCAL RESOURCES FOR THE
COMMUNITY OF KABARUAN SUBDISTRICT, TALAUD ISLANDS, NORTH SULAWESI Revolson Alexius Mege, Josephine Louise Pinky Saerang, Jouke Hendrik Manopo, and Alfonds Andrew Maramis ... 125-133 EFFECT OF CELL-WALL NITROGEN PROPORTION ON PROTEIN UTILIZATION BY RUMINANT LIVESTOCK: A META- ANALYSIS ACROSS DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS Sari Putri Dewi, Muhammad Ridla, and Anuraga Jayanegara ... 134-139 THE STRAWBERRY FRUIT CULTIFATION AS AN AGRO TOURISM AT BEDUGUL (CONCERNING TO SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT) Solihin and I Ketut Sadia... 140-148 ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF METHANOTROFIC BACTERIA FROM IRRIGATION RICE FIELD IN GOWA, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA Maimuna Nonci, Baharuddin , Burhanuddin Rasyid, and Pirman ... 149-155 AN ANALYSIS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL OF ARABICA COFFEE IN BALI I Made Kartika and I Made Darsana ... 156-165 SCREENING OF
EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCING BACTERIAL FROM POTATO RHIZOSFER ON SEVERAL SOURCES OF CARBON Mu'minah, Baharuddin, Hazarin Subair, and Fahruddin... 166-172 THE
LIGNOCELULOTIC POTENTIAL OF ROT FUNGAL TO DECOMPOSITION WASTE OF COCOA POD LEATHER Iradhatullah Rahim, Tutik Kuswinanti , Laode Asrul , and Burhanuddin Rasyid
... 173-179 viii THE DESIGN OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL SUSTAINABILITY Ahmad Mubin ... 180-186 IMPROVEMENT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SOIL RAINFED BIOCHAR THROUGH GIVING LAND IN EFFORTS TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY I Putu Sujana, I Made Suryana, and I Nyoman Labek Suyasdipura... 187- 193 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CAR-FREE DAY AS AN ALTERNATIVE OF PUBLIC SPACES I Gusti Ayu Andani and Cokorda Javandira ... 194-201 THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE ECONOMY IN SOUTH BALI I Ketut Arnawa, Dian Tariningsih, and Luh Kadek Budi Martini ... 202-210 DAILY ACTIVITIES JAVA DEER (CERVUS TIMORENSIS) IN CAPTIVITY Deden
Ismail... 211-218 PATHOGENICITY TEST AND THE INHIBITION OF BACCTERIAL ISOLATES OF BACILLUS SP. AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM CAUSING WILT DISEASE IN PLANTS SOLANACEAE I Ketut
Widnyana... 219-226 PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC OF
52SALAK (SALACCA ZALACCA VAR. AMBOINENSIS) CV. GULAPASIR ON DIFFERENT
GROWING ENVIRONMENTS I Ketut Sumantra ... 227- 237 ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY CHANGES IN THE PAKERISAN WATERSHED Deden Ismail, I Gusti Ayu Andani, and Ketut Sumantra... 238-248 STUDY ON CATTLE FODDER AVAILABILITY TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF BALINESE CATTLE IN BALI IGN Alit Wiswasta, I Ketut Widnyana, and Bagus Putu Udiyana ... 249-255 PLANTING TIME ON THE DRY LAND AT SOUTH OF BALI I Made Sukerta and Bagus Putu Udayana ... 256-265 EROSION CONTROL MODEL AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT (DAS) IN SOIL CONSERVATION EFFORTS AND REHABILITION OF CRITICAL LAND IN BALI I Dewa Nyoman Raka , Putu Nirlam Sucika, I Made Nada, and IGN Alit Wiswasta... 266-278 TRADITIONAL
TECHNOLOGY ON PADDY RICE PLANTING TO YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN MERTASARI FARMER GROUP IN TABANAN REGENCY Bagus Putu Udiyana and Farida Hanum... 279-282 INCREASING BALI CATTLE PRODUCTIVITY WITH WASTE MATERIAL TO IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY Anastasia Sischa Jati Utami, Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata, and I Nyoman
Suyasa... 283-290 ix GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SUPERIOR NEW RICE VARIETIES (INPARI 7 AND INPARI 10) ON DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEM Putu Suratmini, S.
N. Aryawati, I.B. Aribawa, and A.A.N.B.Kamandalu ... 291- 297 WASTE UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURE TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY BALI CATTLE IN
SUPPORTING SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE N. Suyasa and IAP.Parwati
... 298-305 SUPPORT PROGRAM SIMANTRI (INTEGRATED AGRICULTURE SYSTEM) IN THE PROVISION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC COFFEE ARABICA DIRECTION (CASE VILLAGE CATUR, BANGLI) Ida Ayu Parwati and N.
Suyasa... 306-313 EFFECTIVENESS OF DIRECT SEED SOWING SYSTEM AND BALANCED FERTILIZER ON RICE PRODUCTIVITY Ni Putu Pandawani, I Made Diarta, and I Gede Putra Cahyadi ... 314-323 REVIEW OF SUPPLY CHAIN OF RICE AND BULOG’S FUNGCTIONS IN INDONESIA Kuntoro Boga Andri, Ni Putu Sutami, and I Made Londra ... 324-333 STUDY ON DAIRY COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIAN Kuntoro Boga Andri and I Made Londra ... 334-344 PERFORMANCES OF PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION OF BALI COWS IN PADANGBULIA VILLAGE, SUKASADA DISTRICT, BULELENG REGENCY I Made Londra, Kuntoro Boga Andri, and Putu Sutami ... 345-354 TRACK 2. SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THE EMPOWERMENT OF SMALL SCALE FOOD INDUSTRY OF DRIED BANANA BY INTRODUCING A SOLAR DRIER OF COPULA MODELS I Wayan Sweca Yasa, Nazaruddin, and Sukmawaty ... 356-360 ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION MODEL OF BLIMBING SARI COMMUNITY I Wayan Ruspendi Junaedi ... 361-372 EMPOWERMENT INFORMAL SECTOR TO DEVELOP FOOD SECURITY THROUGH LOCAL FLOUR - BASED FOOD INDUSTRY Meylia Elizabeth Ranu ... 373-379 TAROT CARDS AS TOOLS FOR ILLUMANATION AND BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE MEANING OF LIFE I Gusti Made Wendri ... 380-389 x EMPOWERMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR CREATIVE BUSINES OPPORTUNITY TO INCREASED REVENUE Budi Hermono ... 390-396 WOMEN AS SOUVENIR VENDORS: AN EFFORT TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF GENDER EQUALITY THROUGH THE STRENGTHENING OF THE ECONOMIC BASE OF THE FAMILY Ni Made Ary
Widiastini... 397-407 OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS:
DEVELOPING ADVENTURE TOURISM BASED ON QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO-CULTURE IN PANJI VILLAGE Nyoman Dini Andiani and Made Ary Widiastini... 408-414 WOMEN'S CONTRIBUTION TO INCREASE INCOME AT COMMUNITY FISHING TEMPE LAKE IN WAJO REGENCY Haerunnisa, Sahriah Rahim, and Andi Siswati... 415-432 THE FULFILMENT LEVEL OF TRANSMIGRANT HOUSEHOLDS’ BASIC NEEDS IN THE DISTRICT OF LADONGI, REGENCY OF KOLAKA, PROVINCE OF SOUTHEAST SULAWESI Aylee Christine
... 433-440 THE ROLE FOOD SECURITY FOR PUBLIC CONSUMPTION COMPLIANCE IN MAROS REGENCY, SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE Suryawati Salam and Andi Gusti Tantu ... 441-448 GLOBALIZATION AND
REINFORCEMENT OF DAE: A REVIEW OF CULTURAL STUDIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN BALI I Wayan Winaja... 449-455 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH LOCAL POTENCY SUPPORTS GOVERNMENT PROGRAM OF ONE VILLAGE ONE PRODUCT I Ketut Sutama, I Gede Mudana, and I Made Sukamerta ... 456-466
TOURISM, GLOBALIZATION, AND GENDER IN BALI I Gede Mudana, I Ketut Sutama, I Made Sukamerta, and Ni Wayan Ardini... 467-472 COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH FACILITATION OF SOYBEAN FARMING IN KABARUAN SUBDISTRICT, TALAUD ISLANDS, NORTH SULAWESI Alfonds Andrew Maramis , Revolson Alexius Mege , Josephine Louise Pinky Saerang , Jouke Hendrik Manopo ... 473-481 ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT FOR EDUCATIONAL FEMALE IN FARMING AREAS : A CASE STUDY OF TABANAN REGENCY Anik Yuesti... 482-486 APPLICATION OF SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ARTS FOR OFFERING MAKERS I Ketut Wardana and Anak Agung Yudi Pramaswati... 487-496 xi PERFORMANCE OF CAPTURE FISHERIES IN RESPECT TO PROGRAM OF ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN
KARANGASEM REGENCY: PRODUCTION FUNCTION STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH I Made Tamba ... 497-502 THE APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON SCHOOL-OUTDOOR EDUCATION IN BUDUK VILLAGE, BADUNG REGENCY I Gusti Agung Putri Wirastuti, I Ketut Wardana, Anak Agung Istri Yudhi
Pramawati... 503-510 ECOPRENEURE PERSPECTIVE ON GROUP PELITA BALI DENPASAR (APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING GROUP) Anak Agung Dwi Widyani and Ni Wayan Rustiarini ... 511-525 REPRESENTATION OF LESBIAN, GAY, AND TRANSGENDER IN PENJARA ANTHOLOGY OF SHORT STORY: A SOCIOPRAGMATICOBSERVATION
NyomanDeniWahyudiandLuhKetutSriWidhiasih...516-524 EXISTENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF TRI HITA KARANA IN GUARANTEEING RIGHTS OF (LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER (LGBT) PEOPLE IWayanGdeWiryawanandIMadeHendraWijaya...525-532 WOMEN AS SOUVENIR VENDORS: AN EFFORT TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF GENDER EQUALITY THROUGH THE STRENGTHENING OF THE ECONOMIC BASE OF THE FAMILY
NiMadeAryWidiastini...533-537 THE ROLE OF LOCAL CREDIT INSTITUTIONS IN EMPOWERING COMMUNITY’S ECONOMY:STUDY BASED ON SOCIAL
CAPITAL IGedeCahyadiPutraandIGustiNgurahBagusGunadi...538-549 WOMEN GROUP EMPOWERMENT THROUGH LIFESKILL TRAINING I Made Suryana and Ida Bagus
Widiadnya... 550-554 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT BASED ON SCHOOL AWARENESS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Ida Bagus Suryatmaja and I Made Nada
... 553-556 APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON WARNASARI AND TUKADAYA VILLAGE, JEMBRANA DISTRICT, BALI PROVINCE IN SECOND YEAR I Made Legawa, Tri Djoko Setyono, I Made Sudiana, I Ketut Widnyana, and Ni Wayan Rustiarini
... 557-561 APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE LOCAL CREDIT INSTITUTION IN BATUAJI KAWAN VILLAGE, TABANAN, BALI I Nyoman Putra Yasa and I Gede Cahyadi Putra ... 562-571 xii TRACK 3. ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT IMPACT OF CREDIT ON FARMER HOUSEHOLD WELFARE IN INDONESIA Made Wahyu
Adhiputra... 573-581 ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Made Antara and Made Sri Sumarniasih... 582-594 THE ACCOMODATION THAT DOES NOT SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (CASE STUDY IN UBUD TOURISM AREA) A.A.A. Ngurah Harmini and Nyoman Mastiani Nadra ... 595-603 RECRUITMENT PROCESS AS AN IMPORTANT STEP FOR SUSTAINABLE ORGANIZATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT Aria Andriyadi and Anggraini Sukmawati ... 604-607 THE INFLUENCE OF ACADEMIC CLIMATE ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ BRAWLING THROUGH LOCUS OF CONTROL Sukma Nurilawati Botutihe ... 608-618 CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) AND APPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS Putu Astri Lestari ... 619-626 EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE IN IMPROVING STAFF MOTIVATION AND SUSTAINABEL SERVICE EXCELlENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION Inten Pertiwi ... 627-634 TAX COMPLIANCE AND TAX ADMINISTRATION I Nyoman Kusuma Mahaputra ... 635-639 FINANCIAL AND NON FINANCIAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE COMPANY GETS GOING CONCERN AUDIT OPINION Ni Nyoman Ayu Suryandari... 640-649 GOING CONCERN OPINION AND AUDITOR CHANGES: THE ROLE OF AUDIT COMMITTEE IN INDONESIA Luh Komang Merawati... 650-658 PROFIT INTERPRETATION:
TRADITIONAL SELLERS IN DENPASAR (STUDY HERMENEUTIKA INTENSIONALISME) Putu Kepramareni ... 659-663 BRAND COMMUNITY AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF POSITIVE WORD OF MOUTH Agus Wahyudi Salasa Gama, Ni Wayan Eka Mitariani, and Gede Gama ... 664-670 SERVICE EXCELLENCE IS A KEY FOR DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE RESTAURANT BUSINESS I Nyoman Winia and I Ketut Redjasa ... 671-678 FOOD AND BEVERAGE DEPARTMENT IS AS A HERO IN GETTING PROFIT FOR HOTEL DEVELOPMENT IN ASEAN ECONOMY COMMUNITY (AEC) ERA AND IN FREE TRAIDING ERA THIS YEAR IN 2015 I Ketut
Redjasa... 679-684 xiii BUDGET AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS AS A MANAGEMENT TOOLS TO MAXIMIZE PROFIT AT THE CHEDI CLUB TANAH GAJAH UBUD HOTEL I Ketut Sugiarta ... 685-690 THE EFFECT OF NATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY ON THE EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE OF THE CHEDI CLUB HOTEL TANAH GAJAH UBUD BALI I Gusti Ayu Hayatti Yowani...
691-695 TRACK 4. HEALTH AND EDUCATION THE EFFECT OF JIGSAW II – STAD AND SELF- CONFIDENCE ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL Dewa Ayu Ari Wiryadi
Joni... 697-707 THE ADJUSTMENT MADE IN THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH MONOTRANSITIVE CLAUSE INTO INDONESIAN: A SOCIOSEMIOTIC APPROACH TO TRANSLATION A.A. Istri Yudhi Pramawati ... 708-719 SLOW DEEP BREATHING REDUCES HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS Dame Elysabeth, Sedia Simbolon, and Belet Lydia ... 720-725 HEALTH EDUCATION OF PRE- HOSPITAL ASSESSMENT FAST (FACE, ARM, SPEECH, TIME) IMPROVES CADRES KNOWLEDGE ON EARLY DETECTION OF STROKE Dame Elysabeth, Sedia Simbolon, and Belet Lydia ... 726-731 THE EFFECT OF I-SEARCH AND SELF-EFFICACY ON STUDENTS IN EFL ACADEMIC WRITING Anak Agung Putri Maharani ... 732-742 DIDACTICISM IN VERBAL ART:
A CASE WITH THE POEMS “PROMISE”, “MENGHADAPI MAUT”, AND “LUH” I Wayan Resen ... 743-756 POWER OF MEDITATION AS AN ENERGY GENERATOR THE HUMAN SPIRITUALITY (PERSPECTIVE HINDUISM THEOLOGY) Pande Wayan Renawati... 757-765 THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN SEMARANG CITY Siti Hasanah and Wildana Latif
Mahmudi... 766-775 THE HEALTHY AND HYGIENIC BEHAVIOR: ANALYTICAL FROM SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION PERSPECTIVE Muria
Herlina... 776-790 PRINCIPALS’ ROLE IN INCREASING TEACHER JOB SATISFACTION Grace Jenny
Soputan... 791-797 xiv PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE (P)
26FROM FUNGAL ISOLATES COLLECTED FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF
AROMATIC RICE
TANATORAJA
26Abri, Tutik Kuswinanti, Enny Lisan Sengin, and Rinaldi Sjahrir
... 798-802 LOCAL CULTURE BASED MODEL AND CONCEPT IN GENETICS LEARNING AS THE EFFORT TO ENHANCE UNDERSTANDING AND CULTURE PRESERVATION Gusti Ayu Dewi Setiawati... 803-813 THE
13EFFECT OF MODIFIED COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIC READING AND VOCABULARY MASTERY ON THE READING COMPETENCY OF THE SECOND SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF MAHASARASWATI DENPASAR UNIVERSITY
Paramita Dharmayanti, P. A... 814-825 ROLE PLAY IN SPEAKING CLASS Luh Ketut Sri Widhiasih and Nyoman Deni Wahyudi... 826-832 ENGLISH
LEARNING ACTIVITIES FROM SCRAP PAPERS; PUTTING ECO-PEDAGOGY INTO PRACTICE Ni Luh Putu Dian Sawitri... 833-836 FUNCTIONS AND MEANINGS OF GENJEK KADONG ISENG IN KEEPING SOCIAL LIFE SUSTAINABILITY Ida Bagus Nyoman
Mantra... 837-843 THE IMPROVEMENT OF ENGLISH
SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH TRI PREMANA BASED LEARNING AT THE ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM OF FKIP UNMAS DENPASAR I. A. Md Sri Widiastuti and I. B. N Mantra ... 844-849 ENGAGING STUDENTS THROUGH DEMOCRATIC APPROACH I Gde Putu Agus Pramerta
... 850-861 SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SOCIAL NETWORKING ANALYSIS OF LEARNERS ON FIRST GRADE, SECOND GRADE AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN BALI Cornelius Sri Murdoyuwono and Ni Gst. Ag. Gde Eka Martiningsih... 862-872 REVIEW OF POTENCY ANTIOXIDANT FROM TEMPEH TO PREVENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS I G A Ari
Agung... 873-878 xv ECONOMIC AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Made Antara and Made Sri Sumarniasih Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract Development is the changing process of in a planned to improve various aspects of community life. Meanwhile economic development to encourage economic growth, The higher the targeted economic growth, more and more natural resources to be sacrificed, and fewer natural resources stocks held to be passed on to future generations. If this happens, then the current generation will be accused greedy by future generations. Overcome this matter, it must implemented the sustainable development pattern that principle to process of natural resources capable of meeting
38needs of the present generationwithout reducethe ability of natural resources to improvethe welfareof future generations. The process ofsustainable development
rests on three factors namely: the condition of natural resources, environmental quality and population factors. Natural resources need to have the ability to function sustain the process of sustainable development. Renewable natural resources need to be processed within the limits of its recovery. If this limit is exceeded, this natural resources can not renew itself, and so can not sustain the process of sustainable development. Especially for a unrenewable natural resources, utilization needs to be done efficiently and developed technology that can substitute material substance. Natural resources and the environment established a close reciprocal relationship. The higher the
25quality of the environment, the higher thequality of thenatural resources
that can sustain quality development. While population factors are elements that can be a burden or otherwise be created a dynamic element in the development process. Therefore, population factors need to be changed from load enhancer factor into capital development. This is the meaning of what is called sustainable development and if the overall or global its implementation called sustainable development globally or global sustainable development. Keywords: Development, Economics, Natural Resources, Environment and Population 1. Introduction Development is the process of change consciously and in a plannedcovers the
42entire social system, such as politics, economics,infrastructure, defense, education and technology, institutional, and cultural
(Tjokroamidjojo, 1981). Development is the process of planned changes to improve various aspects of community life. The development process occurs in all aspects of community life, economic, social, cultural, political, which took place at the macro level (national) and micro (commuinity / group) (Todaro, 1978).
While According Kindlemerger and Herrick (1977) development is the process of progress/ improvement, the growth and diversification. So the development process occurs in all aspects of community life, economic, social, cultural, political, which took place at the macro level (national) and micro (commuinity / group). The important meaning of the development is the lack of progress or improvement, the growth and diversification. As noted by the experts above, development is all the changes made through the efforts of a conscious and deliberate. While development is a process of change that occurs naturally as a result of the presence of development. Based on the statement of some experts as cited before it can be concluded that basically development can not be separated from the growth, in the sense that development can lead to growth and growth will occur as a result of the development. In this case the growth can be a
expansionor improvementof the activities undertaken by the community 2. Economic Development, Natural Resources and Environmental Degradation 2.1 Economic Development According Sukirno (1981),
1economic development is a process of increase in total incomeand income per capita to takeinto account the existence of a growingpopulation and accompanied by a fundamental change in theeconomic structure of a country and thedistribution of income forthe population of a country. Economic development cannotbe separated from economic growth, due toeconomic development to encourageeconomic
8growth, and otherwisethe economic growth facilitatesprocess of economic development. The meaningof economic growth is theincrease in the
production capacity of an economy that is manifestedin the form of increase in national income
(Gross Domestic Product, GDP).
1A country is said to have economic growth if there isan increase in real Gross National Product(GNP) in the country. Economic growth is an indication of the success of economic development. The difference between them is the success of economic growth ismore quantitative, namelythe increase in the standard rateof income andproduction of output produced,while economic development more qualitative, not only increase production, but alsothere are changes in the structure of production and allocation of inputs onvarious of the economy sectorssuch as in institutions, knowledge, social and
production techniques (Todar0, 1978; Irawan and Suparmoko, 1981). According Yotopoulus and Nugent (1976) and Sukirno (1981), economic development is defined as a process that causes the per capita income of the population increased in the long term and improvement in various fields. Here there are three important elements related to economic development, namely: 1) Development as a process.
Development as a process, it means that development is a step that must be experienced by each community or nation. For example, humans began to be born, not directly into adulthood, but to be an adult to go through the stages of growth. Likewise, every nation must undergo stages of development towards fair condition, and prosperous. 2) Economic development as an attempt to increase the per capita income. As an effort, the development is an active action to be performed by a state in order to increase the per capita income. Thus, much needed public participation, government, and all the elements within the country to participate actively in the development process. This is done because of the increase in per capita income reflects an improvement in social welfare. 3) The increase in per capita income should take place in the long term. An economy can be expressed in the developing situation when income per capita in the long run is tend to increase. This does not mean that the per capita income should increase continuously. For example, a state occurs by natural disasters or political turmoil, then the result of the country's economy suffered a setback. However, this condition is only temporary for the country's most
important economic activity on average increased from year to year. 2.2. Economic Development and Natural Resources Generally, economic development has many purposes, such as the achievement of high economic growth, expansion of employment opportunities, more equitable income distribution, environmental preservation, etc. (Sukirno, 1981; Todaro, 1978; Irawan and Suparmoko, 1981). In the economic development needed the natural resources. Finally question, what is a natural resource.
According to economic experts (see: Hartwich and Olewiter, 1986: p.1-2), natural resources are facroes of productions – inputs which combined with labor, capital, and materials produce goods abd service. We can think of natural resources as a unique factor input, but most natural resources have characteristiics that make them very similar to capital. First of all, to be used for consumption of in production process, most resources have to be extacted of harvested. Copper must be mined before it can be used to mini coins or produce wire. Forest and fish must be harvested and transformed into lumber and filets. So like capital, most resources must be ”produced” using other factor inputs such as labor. Second, like capital, natural resources
20yield productive serviceover time. A fish stock, forest, or mine is typically able to supply resources for long periods of time. The
29relationship between economic growth and the availability of natural resources
is not the same as the
29'relationship between economic growth and the availability of
raw materials that used in the production process. The higher the economic growth will be more and more raw materials required in the production process which in turn will reduce the availability of natural resources that is in the earth because it is the raw material to be taken from the inventory (stock) natural resources. So the rapid economic development in order to achieve high economic growth and reduce poverty, the more raw materials taken from the earth, thus decreasing the supply of natural resources (Suparmoko, 1997). Thus
48there is a positive relationship between the quantityof raw materialsand economicgrowth,
but instead
44there is a negativerelationship between economic growth andthe availabilityof natural resources that isin the
earth. Rapid economic development coupled with industrial development will create environmental pollution are increasingly endangering human life. Therefore keep in mind that economic development is very fast, if not careful, the development certainly will deplete the natural resources that exist in the country
concerned, and in turn the raw materials needed for construction will also be a limited existence, so this will inhibit the growth of economy further. The use of natural resources for the future need to be connected directly to the balance between population and natural resources. If residents need too many goods and services, then rise the need to improve the mining of natural resources both extractive and natural resources such as open fields, recreational areas and clean air. But its impact is precisely the form of physical deterioration of the earth, and unfortunately the people are very slow in find solutions to problems that arise. History shows that people can achieve prosperity for successfully utilizing the available resources. Adam Smith: "ABSOLUTE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE". With the theory of Adam Smith suggested that each community to produce according to comparative advantage. So people who are rich in natural resources will be more productive and excess production traded to other communities.
3Natural resources and the level of a country's economy has a close connection,which would theoretically
wealth of natural resources to support economic growth. In fact it does not apply to developing countries
rich in natural resources.
3Countries in the world arerich in natural resources becamethe countrywith a low level ofeconomic
growth and poverty-stricken, which is known as the Dutch Disease. This is due, among others: ? Resource-rich countries tend to have a large income from yield of eartand have a social
3economic stability which is lower than the countries engaged in the industrial and services sectors.
? Resource-rich countries
3also tend not to have adequate technology in the process. ? Corruption, civil war, weak governmentand democracy is also a limiting factor of economic development of
these countries (e.g. Nigeria). Overcoming it requires revamping
3the system of government, transferringof investment and economic smiles to other industrial fields,as well as increased transparency and accountability in the utilization ofnatural resources.Examples of countries that have managed to overcome it and make thenatural
resources as a driver of growth in the country is Norway and Botswana. 2.3. Economic Growth VS Environmental Degradation Economic growth is very important
27in terms of increasingthe numberof goods and services that can beproduced
in a country in order to meet the ever increasing population numbers. Do not let the growth rate of the populastion is higher than
36the growth rate of goods and services production.
If the population growth rate is higher than the
36growth rate of thegoods and services production,
so the level of population welfare can be said to be declining, and this is not desired by all of us, especially for developingcountries. Because natural resources is defined as everything that is in the earth and above the earth produced by nature and not by man, the production of goods and services was not possible without involving the natural resources in their production processes. With the increasing number of population, meaning more and more necessary goods and services to
35meet the needs of the population.Increasing the amountof goodsand
services with itself requires more raw materials as one of the productionfactors to be processed together with other production factors, both in agriculture and processing industry, and service industry, which is partly a by- product is environmental pollution. So there is a positive relationship between economic development and environmental degradation. The more rapid economic development, the higher the degree of environmental damage. The number of population is rapidly increasing, forcing the economy to improve the provision of goods and services
58in order to maintain or improve the welfareof
the population. However, the increase in the production of goods and services will demand more natural resources should be taken from the stock. As a result of natural resources become increasingly depleted.
In addition, environmental damage has increased as well with the rapid economic development in order to achieve the targeted economic growth. So the economic development that produces high economic growth like a double-edged knife. Blade which one is the positive impact on human life more prosperous as more and more availability of goods and services in the economy. While the other blade is a negative impact in the form of environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources inventory. Environmental damage in the form of environmental pollution causing health problems and less comfort of life, whereas depletion of natural resources will reduce the ease in the provision of goods and services to satisfy human needs today and in the future (see. Zen, 1980). Economic development 70s decade often called pattern of Conventional Developmentever proven to improve the welfare of society, particularly in the advanced industrial countries. It is understandable if the third world including Indonesia seeks to mimic the pattern.
Insistence that the harder the governments in developing countries to continue the pattern of conventional economic development is more and more population growth and the desire to overcome poverty. Originally conventional development pattern successful in improving the welfare of the population, especially in industrialized countries. The population of the world in the 1950-1988 period rose
43more than double from 2.5 billion to 5.2billion people.In the same
period to meet human needs this much gross world product has risen more than four-fold. This product is supported by the increased consumption of fossil fuels with a four-fold increase in product and industrial goods that multiple times. The level of advancement of human material has never been so high as it does now. It is not surprising that developing countries are trying to catch up and intensify efforts to raise the material progress emulate industrialized countries. But parallel with this progress, the world snapped by the negative impacts that accompany conventional development process. There is a hole in the ozone layer, allowing ultraviolet radiation escapes to earth that cause skin cancer, crippling their immune systems, multiply cataracts and inhibit the growth of agriculture. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which made man is the main cause of the breakdown of the ozone layer. Meanwhile carbondioxide gas (CO2) produced as industrial waste, motor vehicles and fossil fuels has bound this earth, so that the solar thermal can not get out and make the earth is getting hotter. As a result, the oceans more blooms and slabs polar ice began to melt, so it is expected to raise sea level by 65 cm and to threatsinking of some island nations such as the Maldives and the South Pacific. Earth is getting warmer climate also affects the weather is forecast to be changed, so that agricultural production, rainfall and other natural phenomena interrupted. Materials of industrial pollutants discharged into the atmosphere react chemically with drops of water, so as to create acids that kill fish in the water and trees. Biological diversity (biodiversity) narrowed due to reduced forest area on earth, especially tropical rain forest into a den of breeding germplasm (genetic resources) that is used as the primary input in biotechnology to produce food, drugs, cosmetics and industrial materials. All of this reflects that the function of environmental order (ecosystem) on this earth has been disturbed by the conventional development process waste. Flash floods and landslides in various regions in Indonesia in 2006 is a very powerful metaphor for the show disorientation ecology as a result of human exploitation of nature. Ecology is now in an alarm. Ecological life threatened with extinction because of human long habitus exploitative towards ecology. The negative impact of conventional development pattern in the form of environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources, such as deforestation, land and water degradation, depletion of mineral resources, oil and gas, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, pollution of river water, sea, lake and air can threaten existence of human beings on this earth, both living now and grandchildren in the future. Finally, in the decade of the 90s emerged alternative development paradigm that pattern Sustainable Development. 3. Global Sustainable Deveiopment 3.1. Understanding Sustainable development is derived from the term of sustainable and development. According McNeill (β000), the term
”sustainable” and
9”development” are clearly defined so as to be conceptually distinct.
Development might be defined as a ”process of increasing average material well-being” and suatainabilityas ”not irreversibly damaging the natural environment”.
If both terms are combined will have a different meaning than its own means. The
6most publicized definition of sustainability inthat of the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED)(the ’Brundtland Commission’, 1987).The Commission defineedsustainable development (SD)as
”development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”(WCED, 1987,
p. 4γ in Turner et al., 1994: p.54; Tietemberg, 1994: P. 392; ADB, 2011; UN, 2013: p.1), The
4Brundtland report of 1987, entitled Our Common Future, popularized the concept of sustainable development, which is grounded in equity and shared well‐being both within and across generations. Sustainable development was subsequently adopted as an overarching objective by Governments at the Earth Summit of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, together with a set of Rio Principles and a global action plan, Agenda 21, which included many goals and targets, some of which informed the Millennium Development Goals a decade later
(UN, 2013).
7It embraces two key notions: (1) the concept of needs, in particular those of the world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given, (2) the idea of limits to the environment’s ability to meet present and future needs. The
2concept of "sustainable development" has its roots in forest management as early as the 12th to 16th centuries. However, over the last five decades the concept has significantly broadened. The first use of the term sustainable in the contemporary sense was by theClubof Rome in 1972 in its classic report on the "Limits to Growth", written by a group of scientists led by Dennis and DonellaMeadowsofthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Describing the desirable "state of global equilibrium", the authors used the word
"sustainable": "We are searching for a model output that represents a world system that is: (1) sustainable without sudden and uncontrolled collapse and (2) capable of satisfying the basic material requirements of all of its people
(see: Wikipedia, download January 9, 2015). On the basis of this SD definition both intergenerational equityand intragenerational equity concerns must be met befoore any society can attain the goal of sustainability. Social and economic development
14must be undertakenin such a way as to minimize the effects of economic activity (on resource sources and waste assimilation sinks) whenever thecosts areborne by future generations.
When currently vital activities impose costs on the future (e.g. mining of non renewable minerals) full
15compensation must be paid (e.g.performance or assurance bonds yielding financial aid, or new technologies allowing resource switching say from fuels to solar power, etc).Turner et al.(1994)
explain that the commission also hightlighted
33the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which overriding priority should be given;.
In other world, SD must
11allow for an increase in people’sstandard of living (broadly defined)with paticular emphassison the wellbeing of poor people, while at the same time avoiding uncompensated and significant costs on future people. The
commission also
37took a fairly optimistic view of the possibilities for decoupling economic activity and environmental impact
and in term in our classification system has put itself into the weak sustainability camp. Recall that the strong sustainability supporters, while not dismissing decoupling, argue that modifications to the scale of the economy will also be required. The amount of scale reduction is debated within the strong sustainablity camp. Natural resources need to have the ability to function in a balanced sustain the process of
sustainable development. Renewable natural resources need to be processed within the limits of its recovery. If this limit is exceeded, this natural resource can not renew itself, and so can not sustain the process of sustainable development. Especially for unrenewable natural resources, utilization should be done efficiently and developed technology that can substitute its material substance. Natural resources and the environment established a close reciprocal relationship. The higher the
25quality of the environment, the higher thequality of thenatural resources
that can sustain quality development. While population factors are elements that can be a burden or otherwise be created a dynamic element in the development process. Therefore, population factors need to be changed from load enhancer factor into capital development. Many of the United Nation report, the latter is the report of the 2005 World Summit, which describes sustainable development consists of three main objective (economic, social, and environmental) are interdependent and strengthen) (Figure 1) (see.
Munasinghe, 1993; McNeill, 2000). For some people, sustainable development is closely related to economic growth and how to find a way to promote long-term economic, without depleting natural capital.
But for most people, the
59concept of "economic growth" is itself problematic, becausethe limited resourcesof
the earth itself. Economic Objective * Growth * Equity *Efficiency -
19Income redistrib. - Employment - TargettedAssistance - Environmental Assessment - Valuation - InternalisationSocial Objective - Popular Participation Ecological Objective * Empowerment -Consultation * Ecosystem Integreiity * Participation -Pluralism
*
45Carrying Capacity * Social Mobility * Biodiversity * Social Cohesion * Global Issue *Institutional Development Figure1.
Tradeoffs
19among the Three Main Objectiveof Sustainable Development
Source: Serageldin and Steer, 1994, in McNeill, 2000: 16; Munasinghe, 1993: 1 The pattern of
development that contains insights and environmental considerations is a pattern of development with the substance and quality that is different from conventional development pattern that is applied over the years. A pattern of development
18as a process of change in the managementof naturalresources, the
direction, investments, andthe orientation of technological and institutional development takes placein a state ofharmony, thus increasingthe potential
of the present and the future
57to meet the needs and aspirations of human beings. Thusthe
development to process of natural resources to
40meet the needs of the present generationwithout reducethe ability of natural resourcesto increase welfareof future generations.
This is the meaning of what is called
35sustainable development.The conceptof sustainable development are
implemented at global level (more than bational or regional) known by the term global sustainable development, or if borrowing terms Lee
54(2000), the concept of sustainable development which is implementedin the global
scope are called global sustainable development. 3.2 Sustainable Development: Operational Priniciple A number of rules (which fall some way short of blueprint) for the sustainable utilization of natural capital stock can now be outlined (roughly ordered to fit the vws to vss progression)(according Turner et al., 1994), i.e. 1) Market and intervention failures related to resource prising and property right should be corrected. 2)
21Maintenance of the regenerative capacity of renewable
natural capital (RNC) – i.e. harvesting rates should not exceed regeneration rates – and
21avoidance of excessive pollution which could threaten waste assimilation capacities and life support
system. 3) Technological changes should be steered via an indicative palanning system such that, switches from non renewable natural capital (NRNC) to RNC are fostere, and efficiency incereasing technical progress should dominate throughput increasing technology. 4) RNC should be exploited, but at a rate equal to the creation of RNC substitutes (including recycling). 5) The overall scale of economic activity must be limited so that it remains within the carrying capapcity of the remaining natural capital.
30Given the uncertainties present, a precautionary approach should be adopted with a built in safety margin.
3.3 Difference Principle If observed and considered carefully, there is a difference in principle between conventional development pattern with the pattern of sustainable development, namely: 1) The use of natural resources on the sustainable development maintain the integrity of the ecosystem function. While natural resources in conventional development are managed regardless of ecosystem function. Linkage function, diversity, harmony and sustainability of ecosystems ignored completely; 2) The impact of development on the environment in sustainable development are taken into account by applying the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA (Indonesia: AMDALEIA), so that negative impacts are controlled and developed a positive impact. In conventional construction is not applicable EIA system. 3) Sustainable development also takes into account the interests of future generations. Even want endeavored to achieve transgenerational equity, so that the quality and quantity of resources maintained its integrity for future generations. In conventional development there is not explicitly, the orientation of attention to the fate of future generations. Sustainability of natural resources for future generations are not ignored; 4)
future generations. Sustainability of natural resources for future generations are not ignored; 4)
Sustainable development its insight of long-term cause environmental changes taking place within the long term. In conventional development applicable short-term vision, the decision taken in the short term is not in accordance with the interests of long-term development. 5) The results of natural resource management in sustainable development needs to take into account the shrinking of natural resources as a result of the development process. Since the value of natural resources not shrinking market entry, the calculations must be done explicitly by the government and its presence is recognized to be taken into account in the real cost of the development process. Conventional construction does not account for the reduction of natural resources due to the use, so that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the eksploitation resources issues are taken into account, but the problem that caused the depletion of resources stocks do not enter GDP. 6) Sustainable development consciously take into account the environmental components which can not be marketed (non-marketable component), such as the value of intact biological resources in the forest, pollution-free, free of noise and other things that improve the quality of the environment. In conventional development not included environmental components which can not be marketed, so that the air, river, sea and environment free of media components can be contaminated with no increase in cost.
According Suparmoko (1997) needs to be created strategically directed to guarantee the existence of natural resources for sustainable development, namely: 1) Research the conditions and issues related to
56natural resources and the environment, includingthe levelof exploitationand
use, then estimating the long-term trend, and determine the level of guarantee availability of natural resources for the long-term development, either by way of back create and increase availability. 2) Change the theory and practice of giving value or price of any goods. Giving a high value on the production end, and a low value to raw materials, or no value or price of natural resources should be replaced immediately by giving the right price on natural resources. This must be done because the natural resources despite a gift of nature, indeed should not be used arbitrarily as it would be extremely rare, later becoming expensive existence. 3) Make a study about the balance of natural resources and its application in the national accounts system, so the system will treat the weakness of the national accounts are only recorded an increase in production without seeing changes in natural resource inventory. 4) Clarify property right of natural resources to avoid wasteful
49use of natural resources with considerthe conditionsof the presentand future.
5) Conducta
study on the protection of natural resources and the environment by utilizing natural resources rationally, because the destruction of the environment and ecology is often the result of the exploitation of natural resources and environmentally irresponsible. 6) Make a study on how to protect, develop, store, and reproduce of natural resource inventories through social investment, such as education and training. The previous description has led to an understanding of the development insight of environment in order development of a project that does not cause pollution. Actually there are two patterns in implementing environmentally sustainable development that is based on the pattern of development General Spatial Plan, GSP (Indonesia: Rencana Umum Tata Ruang, RUTR) and patterns of development that is based on the
53Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA (Indonesia:Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan, AMDAL).In
GSP be determined patterns of land capability, rainfall and the lay of the land, so that when implemented development does not occur for example, erosion, etc. This pattern is influenced by the natural
environment is the starting point of the establishment of zoning or environmental areas. While the EIA should be carried out both technical feasibility studies, environmental, socio- economic as well as to determine if the pollution threshold established a project. So environmentally sound development is development that treat natural resources with a view positive and negative results. Production of goods and services is a positive result (positive externalities), while waste and garbage is a negative result (negative externalities). Thus instead of negative results that must receive attention in development of environmentally sound. Club of Rome states that there is interdependence between five factors that determine the rate of growth and limits of economic growth in this world, among others,
39(1) population, (2) agricultural production, (3) natural resources, (4) production processing industryand (5) environmentalpollution (see:
Djojohadikusuma, 1980).Conclusion
Roma groups:
411) If the trendgrowth of theworld population, industrialization, pollution, food production and naturalresource decisionremains
as it is today,
61limits to growth on thisearth will be reached
in approximately 100 years. As a result of population and processing capacity will be reduced drastically 2) There is an opportunity to change the trend of growth and creating ecological and economic situation which is stable in the future that affect the global balance. Conclusion Economic development on the one hand has the positive impact in the form of human life increasingly prosperous as more and more availability of
27goods and services in the economy. Whileon the
other hand has a negative impact in the form of environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources inventory. Environmental pollution cause health problems and less comfort of life, whereas depletion of natural resources will reduce the ease in the provision of goods and services to satisfy human needs today and in the future. Therefore, economic development must be environmentally sustainable development or sustainable development and does not deplete natural Sustainable development is a process of development that principled
55meet current needs without reducingthe fulfillmentof the needs offuture generations.
10Sustainable development is environmentallyconscious and planned effort thatintegrates the environment, including resources tothe development process to ensure capability, welfare, and quality of life of the present generationand future generations. The conceptof
sustainable development are implemented at global level known by the term global sustainable development. Acknowledgement Acknowledgements submitted to the committee of 2ndInternational Conference on Sustainable Development that has been offered an opportunity for authors to present their thoughts and ideas about the importance and urgency of implementing the concepts and theories of sustainable development for the sustainable development without reducing the availability of natural resources for future generations. References ADB. 2011. ADB Sustainable Development Timeline (Quality, Knowledge, and Innovation for Inclusive and Sustainable Development).
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2nd International Conference on Sustainability
5Development 2nd International Conference on SustainabilityDevelopment
2nd International Conference on Sustainability
5Development 2nd International Conference on SustainabilityDevelopment
2nd International Conference on Sustainability
5Development 2nd International Conference on SustainabilityDevelopment
2nd International Conference on Sustainability
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2nd International Conference on Sustainability
5Development 2nd International Conference on SustainabilityDevelopment
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5Development 2nd International Conference on SustainabilityDevelopment
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