Supplemental Digital Content 1
Table 1. Unadjusted and Propensity Score Weighted adjusted ORs for Measures of Potential Misuse:
MME >100, >7 Days Overlap of 2 Opioid Prescriptions, >7 Days Overlap of Opioid and Benzodiazepine.
Any opioid Rx OR [95%CI]
MME > 100mg OR [95%CI]
7 days overlap of two opioid
prescriptions OR [95%CI]
7 days overlap of opioid and
benzodiazepine OR [95%CI]
(Unadjusted model) Nurse
Practitioner 0.87
[0.82,0
.92] 1.12 [1.01,1
.24] 1.02 [0.95,1.1
0] 0.91 [0.85,0.9
8]
N 26,3
66 19,1
83 19,18
3 19,18
3 Nurse
Practitioner 0.87
[0.82,0
.93] 1.11 [1.00,1
.24] 1.01 [0.93,1.0
9] 0.89 [0.82,0.9
6]
White 1.17 [1.03,1
.33] 1.38 [1.11,1
.73] 1.15 [1.00,1.3
2] 1.33 [1.16,1.5
4]
Age 0.99 [0.98,0
.99] 0.99 [0.99,1
.00] 1 [1.00,1.0
0] 0.97 [0.97,0.9
8]
Female 1.2 [1.11,1
.29] 1.17 [1.04,1
.33] 0.97 [0.89,1.0
6] 1.4 [1.28,1.5
4]
Dual eligibility for
Medicare/Medica
id 1.24 [1.12,1
.37]
1.13 [0.96,1
.32] 1.07 [0.95,1.2
0] 1.55 [1.38,1.7
5]
Rural 1.06 [0.87,1
.28] 1.19 [0.86,1
.64] 1.08 [0.86,1.3
6] 1.28 [1.00,1.6
4]
Valve disorder 1.03 [0.91,1
.18] 1.11 [0.89,1
.38] 0.93 [0.80,1.0
8] 0.98 [0.83,1.1
5]
Pulmonary circulation
disease 1.08
[0.87,1 .33]
1.13 [0.83,1
.52] 0.87 [0.70,1.0
8] 1.36 [1.09,1.7
0]
Peripheral
vascular disease 1.31 [1.18,1
.45] 1.16 [0.99,1
.37] 1.16 [1.04,1.3
0] 1.04 [0.92,1.1
7]
Hypertension 1.14 [1.06,1
.23] 1.02 [0.90,1
.16] 1.03 [0.94,1.1
2] 1.17 [1.07,1.2
8]
Complex
hypertension 1.18 [0.88,1
.58] 1.05 [0.69,1
.60] 1.18 [0.87,1.6
1] 0.98 [0.71,1.3
5]
Paralysis 0.97 [0.79,1
.18] 1.09 [0.80,1
.50] 1.22 [0.96,1.5
6] 1.01 [0.81,1.2
7]
Neurological
disorders 1.03 [0.93,1
.13] 1.12 [0.96,1
.30] 1.14 [1.02,1.2
8] 1.58 [1.42,1.7
6]
Chronic pulmonary
disease 1.6
[1.46,1 .75]
0.87 [0.76,0
.99] 1 [0.91,1.0
9] 1.26 [1.15,1.3
8]
Diabetes w/o chronic
complications 1.05 [0.96,1
.14] 0.9 [0.78,1
.04] 0.91 [0.82,1.0
0] 1.03 [0.93,1.1
4]
Diabetes w/
chronic
complications 1.15
[1.01,1 .32]
0.95 [0.77,1
.18] 0.98 [0.85,1.1
3] 1.43 [1.24,1.6
5]
Hypothyroidism 0.99
[0.91,1
.08] 0.98 [0.85,1
.12] 0.88 [0.80,0.9
7] 1.04 [0.94,1.1
5]
Renal failure 1.11
[0.97,1
.28] 0.98 [0.79,1
.22] 1.01 [0.87,1.1
7] 1.02 [0.86,1.1
9]
Liver disease 1.54
[1.22,1
.96] 1.31 [1.00,1
.71] 1.24 [1.00,1.5
5] 1.36 [1.10,1.6
7]
Peptic ulcer Disease with
bleeding 1.46
[0.58,3 .65]
0.59 [0.19,1
.81] 1.78 [0.69,4.6
3] 1.52 [0.57,4.0
7]
Acquired immune deficiency
syndrome 0.89
[0.41,1 .93]
1.13 [0.43,2
.98] 0.8 [0.38,1.7
1] 0.52 [0.24,1.1
2]
Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen
vas 2.57 [2.08,3
.18] 1.41 [1.12,1
.78] 1.12 [0.94,1.3
4] 1.6 [1.35,1.9
1]
Coagulopathy 1.11 [0.88,1
.40] 0.74 [0.53,1
.06] 1.05 [0.83,1.3
4] 1.03 [0.80,1.3
3]
Obesity 1.43 [1.23,1
.67] 1.19 [0.98,1
.45] 1.13 [0.98,1.3
1] 1.08 [0.94,1.2
4]
Weight loss 0.82 [0.70,0
.95] 1.19 [0.94,1
.50] 1.17 [0.98,1.4
0] 1.06 [0.89,1.2
6]
Fluid and electrolyte
disorders 1.21 [1.08,1
.36] 1.07 [0.90,1
.26] 1.04 [0.92,1.1
8] 1.15 [1.02,1.3
0]
Chronic blood
loss 1.02 [0.72,1
.46] 0.99 [0.62,1
.59] 1.27 [0.89,1.8
0] 0.89 [0.65,1.2
2]
Anemia 1.28 [1.15,1
.42] 1.01 [0.86,1
.19] 1.02 [0.91,1.1
4] 1.17 [1.04,1.3
1]
Alcohol abuse 1.12 [0.85,1
.48] 0.7 [0.51,0
.97] 0.65 [0.52,0.8
3] 0.87 [0.68,1.1
1]
Drug abuse 3.03 [2.22,4
.14] 2.96 [2.37,3
.71] 1.9 [1.51,2.3
9] 1.86 [1.50,2.3
1]
Psychoses 0.89 [0.81,0
.99] 0.84 [0.72,0
.99] 0.93 [0.83,1.0
3] 1.7 [1.53,1.8
9]
Depression 1.52 [1.38,1
.68] 1.09 [0.95,1
.25] 1.08 [0.98,1.2
0] 1.65 [1.50,1.8
2]
Plan Generosity 0.87 [0.67,1
.14] 1.04 [0.67,1
.59] 0.63 [0.46,0.8
7] 0.89 [0.64,1.2
3]
HMO 1.31 [0.50,3
.45] 0.45 [0.19,1
.09] 0.45 [0.22,0.9
1] 0.65 [0.30,1.4
1]
HMOPOS 1.7 [0.42,6
.94] 0.22 [0.04,1
.36] 0.25 [0.08,0.8
4] 1.16 [0.35,3.8
5]
Local PPO 1.45 [0.51,4
.12] 0.56 [0.19,1
.69] 0.66 [0.29,1.5
4] 0.62 [0.25,1.5
4]
Medicare Prescription
Drug Plan 1.27 [0.42,3
.80] 0.44 [0.21,0
.91] 0.52 [0.28,0.9
7] 0.34 [0.17,0.6
9]
Employer/Union 0.9 [0.37,2
.22] 0.32 [0.10,1
.02] 2.4 [0.89,6.4
8] 0.22 [0.07,0.6
8]
Other Plan 1.06 [0.35,3
.17] 1 [1.00,1
.00] 1 [1.00,1.0
0] 1 [1.00,1.0
0]
Alaska (Ref.) 1 [1.00,1
.00] 1 [1.00,1
.00] 1 [1.00,1.0
0] 1 [1.00,1.0
0]
Arizona 1.14 [0.84,1
.55] 1.04 [0.60,1
.79] 1.31 [0.94,1.8
3] 1.2 [0.81,1.8
0]
Colorado 1.1 [0.78,1 2.12 [1.21,3 1.55 [1.08,2.2 1.64 [1.07,2.5
.53] .70] 2] 0]
District of
Columbia 1.03 [0.35,3
.03] 0.49 [0.13,1
.88] 0.58 [0.23,1.4
6] 0.45 [0.17,1.1
8]
Hawaii 0.55 [0.38,0
.80] 1.58 [0.79,3
.15] 0.84 [0.53,1.3
2] 1.04 [0.61,1.7
7]
Idaho 1.47
[1.03,2
.10] 1.74 [0.97,3
.13] 1.32 [0.90,1.9
2] 1.45 [0.94,2.2
5]
Iowa 0.96
[0.71,1
.29] 1.41 [0.82,2
.40] 1.29 [0.93,1.7
9] 1.06 [0.71,1.5
7]
Maine 0.66
[0.48,0
.91] 1.74 [1.00,3
.02] 1.3 [0.92,1.8
5] 0.96 [0.63,1.4
5]
Montana 1.07
[0.77,1
.49] 1.58 [0.89,2
.81] 1.09 [0.76,1.5
7] 1.12 [0.73,1.7
3]
New Hampshire 0.72
[0.53,0
.99] 1.48 [0.85,2
.58] 1.34 [0.95,1.8
9] 1.17 [0.77,1.7
6]
New Mexico 1.11
[0.80,1
.55] 1.61 [0.92,2
.82] 1.28 [0.90,1.8
3] 1.23 [0.81,1.8
7]
Oregon 1.36
[1.00,1
.85] 1.1 [0.64,1
.89] 1.26 [0.90,1.7
5] 1.35 [0.91,2.0
1]
Utah 0.96
[0.67,1
.36] 1.43 [0.77,2
.65] 1.15 [0.78,1.6
9] 1.41 [0.90,2.2
1]
Washington 0.96 [0.71,1
.30] 0.9 [0.53,1
.53] 1.21 [0.88,1.6
7] 1.16 [0.79,1.7
2]
Wyoming 0.93 [0.64,1
.36] 1.07 [0.53,2
.14] 1.38 [0.90,2.1
3] 1.02 [0.61,1.7
0]
N 26,3
49
19,1 69
19,16 9
19,16 9