HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a computer language that describes how a page/text should be formatted/presented on a website. We access websites from the web server(s) using a program called a web browser (such as Microsoft Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari or Netscape).
Where and How to host your Web Site .1 Web Hosting: Free and Fee-based
Steps in Web Hosting
- Buy an URL: The first step is to buy a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). Find a domain name registrar to select and register
- Upload the Site: The next step is to upload the Web site to a Web-hosting company that will display the site on the Internet, 24
Once you choose the web hosting company and pay the fee, the website can be uploaded to their server. This company will provide you with the necessary software and instructions for uploading, updating and maintaining the website.
Important Web Issues
- Usability Issues
- Web Accessibility
- Appearance is Secondary
- User-friendly Site
- Search Engine Visibility
Web accessibility means accessibility for everyone, including people with disabilities (such as visual, audio, physical, speech, cognitive, neurological, including people with declining abilities due to advanced age) to interact and/or contribute to the Internet. You can find most of all these facilities on the IGNOU website, which itself is quite a large website.
Summary
So find more information on the topic from the web or from books on how to get listed in search engines. It is not discussed as it is a large topic and is not in the scope of this Unit).
Self-check Exercise
The third part on web hosting basics describes various options in web hosting such as free and fee-based web hosting. In the second option, this unit further dwells on the various steps that must be taken before hosting a Web.
In what ways commercial organizations make good use Web for promotion of business?
What is a Web site?
Distinguish Internet from Web
What are static and dynamic Web sites? Explain with examples
What are various steps in Web hosting? Explain each
Explain briefly the important issues one should keep in mind while designing and hosting a Web site
COMPOSING AND SHAPING OF WEB TEXT
- Introduction
- Readers’ Approach to Online Pages
- Skimming
- Scanning
- Textual Elements of Web Page: Guidelines
- Chunk the Information
- Make Texts easily Scannable
- The F-shaped Pattern for Reading
- Creditability
- Use of Passive Voice
- Write Numbers in Numerals
- Beware of Users’ Searching Ways
- Textual Elements of Web Page: Guidelines
- Self-check Answer
- What are the strategies followed in reading Web pages? Describe them briefly
- What do you mean by chunking the information? Explain why is it significant in Web text writing?
- What is the significance of making Web texts scannable.? Provide some important guidelines on them
- Why should one prefer passive voice in Web pages? Justify your argument with examples
- What are the that should be kept in mind while preparing texts for the special groups like teenagers and less literate people?
For the same reason skimming is practiced in web reading as it is not sure of the usefulness of the content in the first place. The success of the Web lies in how many people visit the site.
Unit-1 Creating and Using Art on the Web
Introduction
We also don't want you to feel overwhelmed when it comes to using web graphics. Fortunately, you can use web graphics effectively without delving into gamma theory and rasterization.
Objectives
In a perfect world, we'd dedicate pages and pages to the nuances of using graphics on the web (mostly because we like graphics), but then you'd never get to the rest of the lessons. As you may have discovered, you can easily find an abundance of information on advanced graphics by browsing the Internet and in bookstores everywhere.
Web Graphics Issues
- Pixels
As you know, web images are quite similar to printed images, but there are a number of web-specific factors involved in creating and using images on the web. So the general plan of attack here is to wrap up some of the fundamentals of web graphics in a few corners before opening your mind to the more creative (and fun) possibilities of using, collecting, and creating web graphics.
Try This !
Palette
You can test an image's transparency by inserting the image into a Word document that has a color background. When you crop an image, you cut out the part of the image that you don't want to use.
Unit-2 HTML: Hypertext Markup Language
INTRODUCTION
HTML pages are saved as files with the extension .htm or .html in the appropriate directory on the web server, such as Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). When a web browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer downloads an HTML page from a web server, it interprets the tags and displays the document with the appropriate formatting.
OBJECTIVES
For example, the text ―MANMOHAN‖ can be displayed in web browsers in bold by marking it using MANMOHAN. The original HTML didn't offer much control over how documents were formatted—that is, how objects such as text and graphics were placed on a page.
HISTORY OF HTML
Many of the text elements exist in 1988, and Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
VERSION OF HTML
It was formally defined as such by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) when the first proposed HTML specification was published in mid-1993.
MARKUP LANGUAGES
Documents on the Web are usually coded in a markup language called Hypertext Markup Language, or HTML. A number of HTML codes embedded in the text of the document explicitly describe the text, providing information to the web client on how to interpret it.
DYNAMIC HTML
Simple examples of dynamic HTML pages would include (1) changing the color of a text title when a user hovers over it or (2) allowing a user to "drag and drop" an image to another location on a page the internet. Dynamic HTML can allow web documents to look and act like desktop applications or multimedia productions.
SEMANTIC HTML
The features that make up dynamic HTML are included in Netscape Communications' latest web browser, Navigator 4.0 (part of the Netscape Communicator suite) and by Microsoft's browser, Internet Explorer 4.0. The biggest drawback to using dynamic HTML is that, since many users still use older browsers, a website must create two versions of each site and serve the appropriate pages for each user's browser version.
ATTRIBUTES
Presentation markup tags are deprecated in the current HTML and XHTML recommendations and are illegal in HTML 5. The lang attribute identifies the natural language of the element's content, which may be different from the rest of the document.
TAGS AND ATTRIBUTES
In the case of the tag, the attributes are the same as in the previous example (Arial font size 5). Note that with the tag, the inclusion of the actual URL (in this case http://rediffmail.com) all text that follows until the closing tag is what will be presented on the web page as an actual hyperlink.
TABLE STRUCTURE
Width: The width of the table, expressed in pixels or as a percentage of the width of the browser window. Rules: This attribute determines where lines are used to separate cells in the table itself.
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
For browsers that support progressive table display, setting the width attribute allows the browser to display the table when it is retrieved instead of waiting for the entire table. Border: This attribute, a companion to the border attribute, specifies where the border surrounding the table should be displayed.
SUMMARY
It is also commonly used to download programs and other files to your computer from other servers. Your web browser can also make FTP requests to download the programs you select from a web page.
Self-check Exercise
Web Design: Concept, Context and Content
Introduction 1.1 Objectives
History of Web Designing 1.3 Concept of Designing
- Purpose 1.3.2 Audience
- Sketching on paper through designs in Photoshop 1.4 Content of Design
Linking of Websites .1 Internal Linking
- Highly targeted visitors
- Better search engine rankings 1.6.3 Repeat traffic
- Added value for the visitors 1.7 Methods of Linking
- Proactive 1.7.2 Passive
Legalities of Linking 1.9 Guidelines when Linking
Self-check Exercise
INTRODUCTION
By the mid-1970s, Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn had created a set of protocols (TCP/IP) that governed the structuring and movement of data between computers, and as early as 1982 the newly formed Sun Microsystems, whose slogan was ― The network is the computer‖, was building TCP/IP into its Unix-based workstations. In 1972, Ray Tomlinson, working at BBN, created an e-mail application that went on to become the "killer application" of the Internet (as ARPANET became known), and the following year a connection was made to University College London, and the network continued to spread via cable and satellite.
OBJECTIVES
HISTORY OF WEB DESIGNING
Most of the aspect of design communication-based customer problem solving logically exists before the choice of media through which to solve the problem. As markup language and HTML became more and more complex, you started seeing graphics and images on many web pages.
CONCEPT OF DESIGNING .1 Purpose
- Audience
- Sketching On Paper Through Designs In Photoshop
A web design is required to meet the purpose of the website on which the website is planned. Planning the site's content ensures that the wants and needs of the target audience and the purpose of the site are met.
LINKING OF WEBSITES
- Reciprocal Links (External Links)
It is a good idea to test the content and purpose on a focus group and compare the offers with the audience's needs. Reciprocal links are links to other websites that are generally related to the theme of your website.
NEED OF CROSS LINKING
- Better search engine rankings
- Repeat traffic
- Added Value for the visitors
In such cases, you link to the site, and the webmaster of that site returns the favor and links back to your site. Some major search engines (such as Google) use the number of links to a site as an important factor in determining a site's "relevance," "link popularity," or "link popularity."
METHODS OF LINKING
- Proactive: Here you actively search out web sites that would complement your own, and send a note to the owner asking to swap links
They all have a slightly different meaning, but what they all mean is that the links leading to and from your website are analyzed, reviewed, evaluated, and then ranked to determine where your site should appear in the search results. If you provide a quality list of relevant links, visitors will return often because they know they can quickly find what they are looking for.
LEGALITIES OF LINKING
GUIDELINES WHEN LINKING
This shows that you have actually visited the site and taken the time and effort to look around. Add your own section explaining to your visitors that you have no control over external links.
DESIGNING A SITE MAP
Draw lines between these and the home page to indicate that they should be linked from the home page. Continue creating boxes to represent web pages and drawing lines to connect them to the other pages until you have all the pages you want listed on your website.
WRITING FOR THE WEB
Simple sentences made up of familiar words are the best way to do this. Mentioning personal experiences and speaking in direct speech is the correct way to do this.
SUMMARY
You should keep this technique in mind when writing for any online resources, as your readers have very short attention spans. All content should be written in simple language that all readers can understand.
Elements and Principles of Design
- Introduction 2.1 Objectives
- The Principles of Design 2.3 Composition of Web Design
- Balance
- Proportion 2.3.4 Dominance
- Closure 2.3.7 Continuance
- Categories of Space 2.3.9 Form (Shape)
- Point 2.3.11 Line
- Perspective 2.3.13 Texture
- Color Harmonies 2.5.2 Color Spaces
- Similarity, Proximity and Alignment 2.7 Typography
- Pattern 2.9 Movement
- Self-check Exercise 2.0 INTRODUCTION
- OBJECTIVE
- THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
- COMPOSITION OF WEB DESIGN
- Symmetrical Balance
- Asymmetrical Balance
- Rhythm
- Proportion
- Dominance
- Unity
- Closure
- Continuance
- Categories of Space
- Form (Shape)
- Point
- Line
- Perspective
- Texture
- Rule of Thirds
- Visual Center
- CATEGORIES OF VALUE
- COLOR
- Color harmonies
- Color spaces
- Contrast
- SIMILARITY, PROXIMITY AND ALIGNMENT
- TYPOGRAPHY
- PATTERN
- MOVEMENT
- SUMMARY
- SELF-CHECK EXERCISE
It is the arrangement of the objects in a given design as it relates to the appearance of a composition. Color is the eye's response to different wavelengths of radiation within the visible spectrum.
Considering Tools and Stockpiling Goods
- TOOLS OF THE TRADE
- WEBSITE CREATION AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS
- TEMPLATES
- BASIC WEB EDITORS
In this unit of the course, it is intended to familiarize you with the creation and management of the website. The unit deals with the tools of the trade, website creation and management tools, internet connection and server space, and browsers and web extras.
CONTROL
You might wonder why web developers choose to manually HTML code their web pages when the WYSIWYG editor can do it easily. The answer varies, but mostly web developers hand code their web pages for the following reasons, these reasons are also said as the benefits of the manual HTML coding.
QUICK FIXES
If you have good experience with HTML, you can use any simple web editor. There are many web editors called WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) editor that automatically encodes HTML tags to your document. You can try MS-WORD to save your Word document as an HTML document using the Save As option in the file menu.
CODE CLEANUP
When you use a text editor to create a web page, you enter the web page text and all HTML commands into a blank document and save it as an HTML document. The most basic of the basic text editors is the Notepad application that comes with the Microsoft Windows operating system.
FINE TUNING
- MIDRANGE WEB EDITORS
- ADVANCED WEB EDITORS
- GRAPHICS APPLICATIONS
- FTP UTILITIES
- INTERNET CONNECTIVITY AND SERVER SPACE
- FREE SERVER SPACE ONLINE
Fireworks: http://www.adobe.com/products/fireworks - This application is easy to use and especially suitable when you need to create buttons and other basic website graphics. To get the example of web presence, you can create your blog at http://www.blogger.com.
MERITS AND DEMERITS OF FREE WEB SPACE
PURCHASING SERVER SPACE ANDDOMAIN NAME
Department of Commerce hosts a web page that lists all the acceptable domain name registration sites. Ernet, Ministry of ICT, New Delhi http://www.registry.ernet.in is the domain name.
FINDING SPACE FOR YOUR DOMAIN
If it is, arrange to pay by credit card or any other method, and the site will register your site's domain name. Your next step is to find an ISP that will host your domain name and website if they are not the same.
SPACE
You can browse the above mentioned websites to check and review their pricing plans and policies. You will also find some sites on this list that will register your domain name as well as host your site for you. When you open one of the above domain name registration sites, you will be prompted to type your suggested domain name into a text box, and the site will then inform you if the name is available.
SUPPORT
EXTRAS
BROWSERS AND WEB EXTRAS
- PURPOSE & FUNCTIONS OF BROWSERS
A web browser or Internet browser is a software application for locating, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. Aside from HTML, web browsers can generally display any kind of content that can be part of a web page.
Epic India
Web Extras
If you want to include multimedia elements such as movies, sound and animations, you need special programs to develop them. To include payment services, you must find secure payment options and applications such as PayPal (www.paypal.com) and VeriSign (www.verisign.com).
SUMMARY
If you want to dynamically display text from content services, you may need to work with custom interface services. If you want to provide information from databases, you need a database to handle the information.
Write a short essay on tools of the trade for website development
The goal here is to help you gather basic tools to get a personal website online - internet connection, server space, a web editor, a graphics program, a file transfer application and a browser, etc.
What do you understand by website creation and management tools?
What is internet connectivity and server space?
Write a short essay on browsers and web extras
Write short notes on followings
Planning To Design web page
- Introduction 2.1 Objective
- Building a case for planning
- Getting to know your audience
- Drawing the blue prints for site 2.6 Laying home page’s foundation
- Gathering suppliers and preparing to build
- Summary
- Self-check Exercise
- Objectives
- How To Structure Your Website
- Common Section: these will contain general information about the organization
- How To Design Intuitive Navigation
- How To Write Page Titles
- How To Choose Keywords
- Defining Your goal .1 Why Set Site Goals?
- Drawing the blue prints for site
- Laying home page’s foundation
- Gathering suppliers and preparing to build .1 Register Domain Name
Is it the design of your site that you may need to adjust or your theory behind who your target audience might actually be. Images uploaded through ASHop Deluxe are automatically optimized to 72 pixels per inch and resized to fit the location on the page.* The program does this for each product within the shopping cart when the images are uploaded.
Intensive web designing with word and XML
- Objectives
- Word on the web
- BEFORE YOU BEGIN
- DESIGNING THE SYLLABUS FOR THE WEB
- TROUBLE-SHOOTING
- FINISHING TOUCHES
- A FEW LAST WORDS
- XML,MSXML,XSLT .1 What is XML?
- What Is MSXML?
- What Is XSLT?
- Planning word web site
- How do I figure out what I want?
- What Web site pages do I need?
- What should my Web site look like?
- How will visitors get around on my Web site?
- What about my content?
- Creating Templates for Web Pages
- What is a Web Template?
- Standard Web Template Toolkits
- Let's Write Our Own Web Template Toolkit We will create two files
- Why use Web Templates?
- Conclusion
- Building the Site Framework
- What’s this ―design‖ you speak of?
- One process, or ―how I work‖
- Our current toolbox
- Adding basic content .1 Choose a site theme
- Apply a style
- Select a pre-designed color scheme To select a color theme for your site, do the following
- Choose the right font
- Add a background image to a Web page
- Add a gradient color background to your Web site
- Working with XML data .1 Introduction
- What is a DataSet?
- Binding a Database
- Working with XML files
- Updating the Database
- Conclusion
- Summary
- Self Assessment Questions 1. Write Short notes on the followings
186 Note: Make a note of the hexadecimal number of the color you choose if you want to use it. XmlWriteMode::DiffGram to include the original dataset values and any changes.