UNLOADING OF FISH ACTIVITIES AT SENDANG BIRU, COASTAL FISHERIES PORT (PPP) PONDOKDADAP, MALANG REGENCY
Nuril Huda Al Maky1, Andik Isdianto2, Muhammad Fikri Ariefandi1, Amelinda Vivian Kudrati1, Herlin Widi Aning Tyas1, Putri Devi Yorarizka1, Wanda Suryani Pangestu1, Arief Setyanto3, Gatut Bintoro4, Kadija5, Titin Faridatul Khoir5, Fauzul Zain Hardiyan5, Berlania Mahardika Putri1, Aulia Lanudia Fathah1, Anthon Andrimida6 and Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi7
1Marine Science Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya
2Coastal Resilience and Climate Change Adaptation Research Group, University of Brawijaya
3Fisheries Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya
4Im Fisher Research Group, University of Brawijaya
5Pelayanan Teknis, UPT PPP Pondokdadap, Malang Regency
6Yayasan Bhakti Alam Sendang Biru, Malang
7Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, Szczecin, 70-383, Poland
*Corresponding Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The fishing port, which acts as a public agency, provides services and facilitates fishing activities for fishermen. One indicator that the service provided is already optimal is the minimum number of vessels in the process of dismantling fish in the port. The study aims to find out the fishing landing system and the number of ships that landed during the period September–August 2022. The method used is directly through field observations and collecting secondary data to supplement the data obtained. The system applied to each port is different. The port of Pondokdadap applies the queue method as well as the system of nahkoda, where the ship's documents must be submitted and the fisherman's number taken before landing. Boats that want to sell fish to the TPI must be equipped with a catch letter. In the period September–August 2022, the highest number of ships was found in June 2022, with 603. For the smallest number in January 2022, there were 22 ships. Based on the results obtained, it is known that the period of April–
September has the highest number, while there is a decrease in the number in October–March.
There was an increase in the number of vessels that carried out fishing, which was affected by the fishing season, with the high season in the Eastern season.
Keywords: Monsoon, Ship Documents, Fish Season, Fish Landing, Fishing Ports
1. INTRODUCTION
The development of catch fishing in a region is not independent of the development of fishing ports (Hasan et al., 2022). The fishing port, as a public authority, has the duty to serve the community, in particular through the provision of facilities for landing and processing catch and providing good services to the fishing community as users of the facilities in accordance with their functions (Nurhayatin et al., 2016). Having a fishing port will direct more structured and targeted fishing activities (Salim et al., 2018). The fishing port also plays a role in the marketing of catches, including the availability of facilities, services, and information systems. These three indicators are very important in a fishing port (Fadika et al., 2014). In addition, this port has the concept of an ecofishing port and is in the conservation area of the Strait of Sempu, so it must accommodate biotic and abiotic life (Isdianto et al., 2021).
The optimal utilisation of port facilities is one of the purposes of port management, and one of its indicators is the minimum number of vessels in the process of unloading fish in the port (Kiranarasmi, 2019). Fish landing activities need to have a structured fish landing system, where the system applied differs from port to port. The process of landing fish should be carried out immediately after capture to avoid changing the catch result, i.e., decreasing the quality of the fish. Basically, fish are animal
foods that are easily degraded because of enzyme and microbiological activity that includes changes in texture, shape, taste, and smell (Mardiana et al., 2020). For example, the price of tuna will be influenced by the time it takes to throw fish into the port. The price of fresh tuna is more expensive than processed tuna, so this will have a great impact on the value of tuna export production (Ikhsan et al., 2017).
TPI Sendang Blue has great potential both in the field of fish supply and other prasarana facilities, so that it can be prepared as a centre of economic growth in the southern province of East Java (Aliviyanti et al., 2021).
Pondokdadap is one of the most important ports in the Southern Sea of Java because it produces main catch commodities such as tuna, tongkol, and cakalang (Andrimida et al., 2022). The tuna capture area is located in the Indian Ocean, 180–200 km from the Pondokdadap Fisheries Port (PPP), which is a base for the capture of ships (Furqan et al., 2017). The Port of Fisheries Beach (PPP) Pondokdadap is located in the Dusun Sendang Blue Village Tambakrejo district of Wetan district Malang (Sayuti &
Limbong, 2019). This port has a high level of production due to the fishing area that is in the Indian Ocean and the presence of Sempu Island as a protector that provides domesticity when landing fish (Wahyu et al., 2019).
The number of vessels unloading fish is influenced by the season. The seasons will affect rainfall and surface wind movements that ultimately affect the patterns and characteristics of currents in the waters (upwelling and downwelling), which are closely related to fertility (Silubun et al., 2016). Wind movements will affect the characteristics of the water mass in the ocean, one of which is the occurrence of a change in the direction of the surface current.
The strong wind movement on the water surface affects the occurrence of mixing of water masses on the upper layer and makes the distribution of temperature homogeneous (Rifai et al., 2020) This phenomenon significantly impacts the presence of fish populations within the fishing region and influences the fishing preferences of individuals engaged in boat- based fishing endeavors, as they naturally seek to avoid economic losses associated with their fishing activities.
The provision of departure and arrival statistics for fishing vessels will yield precise information pertaining to certain fishing seasons. This will significantly benefit fishermen and the broader community, both of whom experience the economic consequences of their direct or indirect involvement in this fishing endeavor. The objective of this study was to ascertain the loading and unloading operations of fish at UPT PPP Pondokdadap and to examine the frequency of fishing vessel arrivals based on seasonal variations. This research aims to utilize the gathered information as a basis for formulating policies to effectively govern the landing system in Pondokdadap.
2. METHODS
The research was carried out in the Port of Fisheries Beach (PPP) Pondokdadap on the Road Sendang Blue, with the Resource Manjing Section of Kab Malang. Primary data to obtain data on the fishing system at the port was obtained through interviews with related parties, namely fishermen and managers, to ask about procedures for carrying out loading and unloading activities at UPT PPP Pondokdadap..
Secondary data is used to find out how many ships have landed in a year, which is known from the data that has been recorded in the UPT PPP Pondokdadap database. (Guswanto et al., 2012). The observation method is carried out by collecting data through observation, directly or indirectly, to obtain an initial picture of the work process (Atmajaya et al., 2021).
Figure 1. Map of research locations
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1. The fish landing system
Vessels carrying out fishing activities are directed to fishing vessels with traditional, environmentally friendly tools. PPP Pondokdadap is available for boat-type secout boats (15–30 GT), packages, and shovels (Marina et al., 2014). The capture results of ships, sequoias, and package ships can enter the TPI, while the capture results of support ships will be directly sold in the kiosks that have been provided in Sendang Blue. Each vessel that will carry out the loading must show the documents of the vessel, including: a Fishing Capture Permit (SIPI), a Fishing Carrier Licence (SIKPI), an Operation Laik Letter (SLO), a Ship Agreement (SPB), and a Fishing Enterprise Permit Letter (SIUP) (Liulondo et al., 2022).
The landing system applied in the PPP Pondokdadap is the Antrian method, where the ship that comes first will do the process of dismantling fish (Lubis & Mardiana, 2011). The fish landing system in the PPP Pondokdadap is that there are a few Figure 2
The Officers carry out organoleptic tests (check texture, stones, eyes, gills, and mucus) on fish caught by ships leaning on the port.
Nahkoda then handed the documents from the ship to the officer’s desk and took the line number. The inspection of documents is carried out by looking at packages such as a Fishing Capture Permit (SIPI), a Fishing Carrier Licence (SIKPI), an Operation Laik Letter (SLO), a Ship Agreement (SPB), and a Fishing Enterprise Permit Letter (SIUP), and is continued by giving the solar antrian number to the nahkoda. The provision of solar panels aims to anticipate the solar accumulation that can lead to the occurrence of solar shortages. After the serial number is called, the fish is introduced to the TPI with the help of the transport bullets that are in the port area. Once the landing is complete, the ship’s documents can be picked up, and the ship can leave the port.
Figure 2. Fish Landing Procedure 3.2. Analysis of the number of ships
According to Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries No. 16/MEN/2006, fishing ports have the function of supporting activities related to the management and utilisation of fish resources and their environment, from pre- production to production, processing, and marketing (Amarullah, 2017). There is fish landing activity in the port, with the number of ships carrying out the disembarkation of fish always fluctuating and experiencing an increase during the fishing season. The port of Pondokdadap has a high level of production when compared to the fishing area in the Java Sea that has experienced overfishing (Sujiyanto, 2015). When the fishing season starts, there will be a lot of ships from outside Sendang Biru (Sulawesi) that do the activity of dumping in the harbour. Indonesia has a seasonal wind cycle (monsoon) that occurs twice a year. The spread of abundance and distribution of pelagic fish is influenced by changes in the oceanographic dynamics of the waters (Rahman et al., 2019).
The number of ships carrying out fishing activities in the Port of Pondokdadap in transitional season II is shown in Figure 3.On September In 2021, There were 30 ships on the 28th. The number of ships arriving on October 1st, 2021, out of 23 ships. The highest number of ships arrived in November 2021 on the 5th, with a total of 9 ships. September 2021 has a lot of ship arrivals because this month is still close to the East Season, in which the upwelling
Ship Leaning at the Pier
Petugas Melakukan Tes
Organoleptik pada Ikan Tangkapan
The captain gave the ship documents to the officer's table, took the
queue number, and took the diesel
fuel queue.
Unload the fish and put it in
the Fish Auction Place
The captain of the ship took
the documents.
process takes place. Transitional Season II has relatively the same ocean surface temperature values. This season is still influenced by the East season; the water needs time to release heat (Fadika et al., 2014). In the transitional season II, there was an increase in rainfall, so the previously fertile waters in the east season changed to unfertile.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 3. Arrival of Ships in Transitional Season II: (a) September; (b) October; and (c) November
The number of vessels carrying out fishing activities in the port of Pondokdadap in the west season is shown in Figure 4. In December 2021, exactly on the 12th, there were nine ships that headed to Pondokdadap. The largest number of ships that arrived in January 2021 was 10 on the 19th. As of February 2021, there were 12 ships
arriving at the Pondokdadap port. The arrival of ships for the landing of fish in the west season is not too much because in the West season rainfall tends to be high, which causes changes in water conditions such as temperature, salinity, and pH.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 4. Arrival of Ships in West Season: (a) December; (b) January; and (c) February
The number of ships carrying out fishing activities in the Port of Pondokdadap in the transitional season I is depicted in Figure 5. There will be 11 arrivals on March 15–26, 2022. The most arrivals were on April 27, with 23 ships. By May 2022, the largest number of ships arrived on the 4th, with 12 ships. In transitional season 1, the current conditions
10 14
171717 28
25
17161515 11
15
7 7 7 6 10
7 14
10 4 4
8 19
7 0
30
5 13
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
9/1/2021 9/3/2021 9/5/2021 9/7/2021 9/9/2021 9/11/2021 9/13/2021 9/15/2021 9/17/2021 9/19/2021 9/21/2021 9/23/2021 9/25/2021 9/27/2021 9/29/2021
Total of Ships
Date 21
7 11
8 1210
4 1
75 6 5 47910 2 3
6 13
75 5 5 6 3 3 3 3
13 0
5 10 15 20 25
10/1/2021 10/3/2021 10/5/2021 10/7/2021 10/9/2021 10/11/2021 10/13/2021 10/15/2021 10/17/2021 10/19/2021 10/21/2021 10/23/2021 10/25/2021 10/27/2021 10/29/2021 10/31/2021
Total of Ships
Date
7
2 2 3
9 8
3 5
3 6
2 7
4 4
1 7
0 3
5 3
1 4
1 3
1 1 2 2
1 3
0 12 34 56 78 109
11/1/2021 11/3/2021 11/5/2021 11/7/2021 11/9/2021 11/11/2021 11/13/2021 11/15/2021 11/17/2021 11/19/2021 11/21/2021 11/23/2021 11/25/2021 11/27/2021 11/29/2021
Total of Ships
Date
5
1 2
3 2
3
0 0 1
2 4
1 0
1 1 2
4
1 0 0 0 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
2
0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
12/1/2021 12/3/2021 12/5/2021 12/7/2021 12/9/2021 12/11/2021 12/13/2021 12/15/2021 12/17/2021 12/19/2021 12/21/2021 12/23/2021 12/25/2021 12/27/2021 12/29/2021 12/31/2021
Total of Ships
Date
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 10
3 1
0 0 2
1 1 0 0 0 0
3
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
1/1/2022 1/3/2022 1/5/2022 1/7/2022 1/9/2022 1/11/2022 1/13/2022 1/15/2022 1/17/2022 1/19/2022 1/21/2022 1/23/2022 1/25/2022 1/27/2022 1/29/2022 1/31/2022
Total of Ships
Date
5 8 8
12 9
2 8 8
5 2
9
12 9
3 5
1 4
0 2
01 3 3
0 0 0 0 0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
2/1/2022 2/3/2022 2/5/2022 2/7/2022 2/9/2022 2/11/2022 2/13/2022 2/15/2022 2/17/2022 2/19/2022 2/21/2022 2/23/2022 2/25/2022 2/27/2022
Total of Ships
Date
are relatively low because the wind direction is uncertain during the transitional season, although at the end of the period, which is around May, the natural conditions are already
affected by the east wind season (Wisha & Situmeang, 2020).(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 5. Arrival of Ships in Transitional Season I: (a) March; (b) April; and (c) May
The number of arrivals of ships carrying out fishing activities in the Port of Pondokdadap in the eastern season is shown in Figure 6. The number of ships arriving was the highest in June 2022, which is the 24th of 31 ships. On July 25–
26, 2022, the number of ships arriving the most was 27, which is 27 boats. On August 15, 2022, 29 ships will arrive. Fish catch results in the high eastern season due to the presence of upwelling, so the waters become fertile and
contain many nutrients that become the food of small and large pelagic fish (Semedi & Safitri, 2015).
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 6 Arrival of Ships in East Season: (a) June; (b) July: and (c) August
Based on Figure 7, fishing activity was highest in June 2022 (603 ships) and lowest in January 2022. (22 ships). Fish unloading activities in Pondokdadap do not occur every day throughout the year; this is influenced by the season, so the frequency of landing fish varies.Environmental conditions and climate factors affect the amount of fish abundance in each season (Tambun et al., 2018). According to previous research, the arrest season took place from May to October. Where the peak of the fishing season occurs in September, while the pancreatic season happens in November–
April (Nurdin & Nugraha, 2008). During the
0 0 0 0 0 0 3
54
0 2
0 3
0 1111
9 67
43 6
3 101
3 6
4 76
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
3/1/2022 3/3/2022 3/5/2022 3/7/2022 3/9/2022 3/11/2022 3/13/2022 3/15/2022 3/17/2022 3/19/2022 3/21/2022 3/23/2022 3/25/2022 3/27/2022 3/29/2022 3/31/2022
Total of Ships
Date
5 5 1211
9 5
12 109
5 8
0 0 5
0 4
6 1110
15141313 19
22
13 23
16
0 5 10 15 20 25
4/1/2022 4/3/2022 4/5/2022 4/7/2022 4/9/2022 4/11/2022 4/13/2022 4/15/2022 4/17/2022 4/19/2022 4/21/2022 4/23/2022 4/25/2022 4/27/2022
Total of Ships
Date
4 0 0
14
56 10
65 7
2 7
0 2020
11 19
9 18
1314 18
13 22
12 16
111112 8
14
0 5 10 15 20 25
5/1/2021 5/3/2021 5/5/2021 5/7/2021 5/9/2021 5/11/2021 5/13/2021 5/15/2021 5/17/2021 5/19/2021 5/21/2021 5/23/2021 5/25/2021 5/27/2021 5/29/2021 5/31/2021
Total of Ships
Date
1717 24
15 2020
2119 25
23
11 28
27 1818
10 1718
22 20
22 17
22 31
24 17
25 22
18 15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
6/1/2022 6/3/2022 6/5/2022 6/7/2022 6/9/2022 6/11/2022 6/13/2022 6/15/2022 6/17/2022 6/19/2022 6/21/2022 6/23/2022 6/25/2022 6/27/2022 6/29/2022
Total of Ships
Date
19
10121414 19
16
7 4
0 19
4 1210
22
14 22
14 1314
16 10
0 21
2727 20
9 19
13 11
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
7/1/2022 7/3/2022 7/5/2022 7/7/2022 7/9/2022 7/11/2022 7/13/2022 7/15/2022 7/17/2022 7/19/2022 7/21/2022 7/23/2022 7/25/2022 7/27/2022 7/29/2022 7/31/2022
Total of Ships
Date
10 16
12 911
16 1213
6 12
22
9 15
0 29
6 0
19
8 0 0
28
14 86 7
12 8 7
22
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
8/1/2022 8/3/2022 8/5/2022 8/7/2022 8/9/2022 8/11/2022 8/13/2022 8/15/2022 8/17/2022 8/19/2022 8/21/2022 8/23/2022 8/25/2022 8/27/2022 8/29/2022 8/31/2022
Total of Ships
Date
pancreatic season, the wave and wind conditions are so great that it is not possible for fishermen to sail, so the number of ships arriving is reduced.
Figure 7. the Number of Offloading Ships for the Period September 2021–August 2022
4. CONCLUSION
The fishing system carried out in the UPT PPP Pondokdadap is a Queue method. Fish landing in Pondokdadap is by boat, relying on the harbour, then giving the ship documents to the officer and taking the queue number. The officer will inspect the quality of the fish organoleptically and the package of documents.
The officer will also interview Nahkoda about the coordinates of capture and the outcome of the catch. The next Nahkoda will be given a solar trail. For the number of ships in the period from September 2021 to August 2022, the highest number was found in June 2022 (603 ships) and the lowest in January 2022 (22 ships). The results show that there was an increase in the arrival of ships in April–
September and a decrease in the number in October–March.
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