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Modeling Zakat as Tax Deduction: A Comparison Study in Indonesia and Malaysia
- Introduction
- Literature Review
- Methodology
- Results and Discussion
- Conclusion
According to the Ministry of Religion, the potential of zakat in Indonesia is still very low at 0.2% of the target in 2018. However, the practice of zakat as a tax deduction in Indonesia is very small and there are still many Muslim communities that practice it. do not know that the zakat they pay can reduce the value of taxes to be paid (Soimah, 2016). Unlike Indonesia, the implementation of the integration of zakat and tax in Malaysia is done by giving tax deductions on zakat paid by Muslims.
Both Indonesia and Malaysia have the largest tax subjectivity from the majority of the Muslim population and the existence of zakat rules as a tax deduction, although the implementation of the tax deduction is slightly different. Related to this research variable is the regulation of zakat as a tax deduction included in the reward and legal authority factor. The study of zakat as a tax deduction for Muslims in Malaysia showed that the halal-haram aspect of Islamic Sharia has a very positive influence on Muslim consumers' perception of the tax reduction system (Al-mamun & Haque, 2015).
The current study would complement the previous literature by going a step further in identifying and highlighting the implementation of zakat regulations as tax deductions influence compliance with paying zakat in Indonesia and Malaysia. H3: The implementation of zakat regulations as tax deductions affects tax payment compliance in Indonesia and Malaysia. H4: The implementation of zakat regulations as tax deductions affects the compliance with paying zakat in Indonesia and Malaysia.
The results of the validity analysis yielded an invalid indicator, the fifth indicator for the variable zakat as tax deduction and the variable zakat compliance (with r-number <0.237). Description and differences in the regulation of zakat as a tax deduction, compliance of zakat payers and taxpayers between Indonesia and Malaysia are shown in Table 2. In addition to the differences in calculation methods in reducing taxes, this is also due to the lack of knowledge of zakat regulation as a tax deduction.
The lower perception of respondents in Indonesia on these indicators indicates that there is still a need for socialization and an increase in the understanding of the people who are obliged to pay zakat and taxpayers regarding the regulation of zakat as a tax deduction. Previous research indicating the difference in the implementation of zakat as a tax deduction between Indonesia and Malaysia is shown by Purwakananta (2020) where the management of zakat in Indonesia is still ineffective. The implementation of zakat as a tax deduction has been shown to influence compliance with the payment of zakat and taxes, both in Indonesia and in Malaysia (p <0.05).
Descriptive analysis results show that the average overall score for zakat implementation as a tax credit in Indonesia is 54.0, with compliance with payment of zakat and taxes at 42.5 and 32.5, respectively. These figures indicate that the higher the implementation of zakat as a tax deduction, the higher the compliance with the payment of zakat and taxes, which is also evident from the results of the analysis, which shows that the value of the regression coefficient is positive. In addition to this, the implementation of zakat as a tax deduction affects the compliance of paying zakat both in Indonesia and in Malaysia.
Third, it is not yet clear which types of zakat can be deducted from taxable income.
