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Persepsi Petani Terhadap Risiko Produksi Padi Sawah Di Subak Temaga, Provinsi Bali
Nyoman Parining* dan Ratna Komala Dewi
Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Udayana PO box 80232, Jalan PB Sudirman, Denpasar-Bali
*[email protected] ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis persepsi petani terhadap risiko dan terhadap penyebab risiko produksi padi sawah. Lokasi penelitian dipilih Subak Temaga secara purposive. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara pribadi menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur terhadap 30 petani yang dipilih secara acak dan focus group discussion dengan ketua subak dan ketua-ketua kelompok tani pada periode Juni hingga Agustus 2018. Persepsi petani terhadap risiko produksi diukur melalui 3 pernyataan dan persepsi petani terhadap penyebab risiko produksi diukur melalui 13 pernyataan mengikuti skala likert lima poin serta menggunakan perangkat lunak Excel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 20% petani berpandangan risiko produksi sebagai kejadian yang cenderung merugikan dan 80% petani berpendapat bahwa risiko produksi adalah konsekuensi petani untuk melakukan mitigasi risiko produksi, kemudian persepsi petani terhadap penyebab risiko produksi padi adalah 93,33% sangat baik dan 6,67% baik.
Kata Kunci: risiko produksi, persepsi, subak
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Perception of Farmers on the Risk of Rice Field Production In Subak Temaga, Bali Province
Nyoman Parining * and Ratna Komala Dewi
Agribusiness Departement Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University PO box 80232, PB Sudirman Street, Denpasar-Bali
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to analyze farmers' perceptions of the risks and causes of the risk of rice production. The research location was selected by Temaga Subak in a purposive manner. Data were collected through personal interviews using a structured questionnaire for 30 farmers who were randomly selected and focus group discussions with subak heads and heads of farmer groups in the period June to August 2018. Farmers' perceptions of production risk were measured through 3 statements and farmer perceptions of the causes of risk production was measured through 13 statements following a five-point Likert scale and using Excel software. The results of the analysis showed that as many as 20% of farmers view production risk as a potentially adverse event and 80% of farmers think that production risk was the consequence of farmers to mitigate production risk, then the farmer's perception of the risk of rice production was 93.33% very good and 6 , 67% good.
Keywords: risk of production, perception, subak
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dewi, R.K. (2015). Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Fungsi Sistem Subak di Daerah Irigasi Kedewatan, Provinsi Bali. Disertasi. Denpasar: Universitas Udayana.
Fahmi, I. (2013). Manajemen Risiko. Teori, Kasus, dan Solusi. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Fauziyah, E. (2011). Manajemen Risiko Pada Usahatani Padi Sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Rumahtangga Petani (Studi Kasus di Desa Telang Kecamatan Kamal). Diakses 4 September 2017. http://Pertanian.Trunojoyo.Ac.Id
INTRODUCTION
Water plays an important role in plant growth, especially irrigated lowland rice, because rice is one of the plants that are tolerant to watery or stagnant soil conditions. One way to overcome water shortages in plants is by managing irrigation water.
Bali has subak social capital which is engaged in water management for the production of one-year crops, especially rice based on the principle of Tri Hita Karana (THK). In the Kedewatan Irrigation Area, there are 76 subaks which include subak sadap tiris and subak not sadap tiris. Subak sadap tiris is a subak that gets irrigation water from the upstream subak, while subak not sadap tiris is a subak who get irrigation water directly from the dam. Based on the water source, the availability of water in the subak sadap tiris is relatively fluctuating. In addition, irrigation water is a scarce resource in lowland rice farming according to Dewi (2015). This can have implications for the success of rice farming and indicate there is a risk of rice production.
Through understanding the risks and causes of the risk of rice production, farmers are expected to be able to anticipate and minimize the risk of production. Based on this background, the purpose of this study was to analyze farmers' perceptions of the risks and causes of the risk of rice production.
Farmers Perception on the Risk of Rice Field Production In Subak Temaga, Bali Province
¹N.Parining, ²R.K.Dewi
¹´²Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Bali
Corresponding author: [email protected]
RESEARCH METHODS
This research was carried out in Subak Temaga in the Kedewatan Irrigation Area, Bali Province. Site selection is done purposively by considering this subak as a subak sadap tiris, which had relatively broad rice fields. The research was conducted from June to August 2018.
Farmers' perceptions of the risks and causes of rice production risk were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. Farmers' perception of production risk is measured through 3 statements and farmer perceptions of the causes of production risk measured through 13 statements following the five-point Likert scale and using Microsoft office equipment
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Description of Research Location
Subak Temaga is located in Penatih Village, Dangin Puri, East Denpasar Subdistrict, Denpasar City, with borders: North is Subak Taman, East is Adat Bekul Village and Batubulan Village, South is Subak Padanggalak, and West is Tukad Sangsang and Subak Paang.
Subak Temaga has an area of 159 ha. This subak consists of seven groups including 21 munduk (sub-subak). For its farming activities, Subak Temaga obtained indirect irrigation water from the Kedewatan Dam which originated from Yeh Lauh River, but from the drainage of SubakTaman, Subak Poh Manis, Subak Ume Layu, Subak Anggabaya, and Subak Ume Desa .
Irrigation water distribution in SubakTemaga uses a continuous flow system and proportionally to sub-subak. Distribution of irrigation water through one inlet and one outlet methods.
Farmers' Perception of Rice Production Risk
Based on the results of the analysis shows that as many as 20% of farmers view production risk as a potentially adverse event and 80% of farmers argue that production risk is a consequence of farmers to mitigate production risk. This is shown by farmers' behavior in risk mitigation.
Farmers' Perceptions of the Causes of Rice Production Risk
The cause of the risk of rice production can come from internal and external factors of farmers. In this study predicted as many as 13 causes of rice production risk following the five-point Likert scale, namely 1 (very bad), 2 (not good), 3 (moderate), 4 (good), and 5 (very good). Based on the survey results, the three highest average scores of the causes of rice production risk in a row are climate change / weather (score 5); availability of irrigation water and pest attack obtain an average score equal to 4.97.
The results of this study are in accordance with the results of other studies, namely the factor of water availability is a risk factor that must be considered because rice is dependent on water sources (Fauziyah, 2011).
Based on the results of the analysis that most farmers (93.33%) have a very good perception of the causes of the risk of rice production, while 6.67% of farmers have a good perception of the causes of rice production risk.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the analysis and discussion it can be concluded:
1. Farmers' perception of production risk is 20% farmers view production risk as a potentially adverse event and 80% of farmers think that production risk is a consequence of farmers to mitigate production risk.
2. Most farmers (93.33%) have very good perceptions and 6.67% have good perceptions of the causes of the risk of rice production.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the key issues that have occurred in the study area, the first priority for competent stakeholders is to help farmers mitigate risks in order to increase production to support food security
THANK-YOU NOTE
This research is a superior grant research program at the Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University in 2018. On this occasion the authors would like to thank the Chancellor of Udayana University who has provided opportunities and financial assistance through Contract Number: 950 / UN.14.2.6.II / LT / 2018.
