Valency Classes in Javanese
Yana Qomariana
Introduction
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Valence refers to basic characteristics of a lexical unit to govern its arguments (Tesniere in Haspelmath, 2001)
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Unit lexical can be in the form of verbs, adverbs or adjectives
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However, verbs show the most various valence patterns
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Valence patterns has been a very interesting topic of
research (Levin, 1993; Haspelmath, 2001; Allerton, 2006;
Fillmore, 2008; Kipper, 2007 among others).
Introduction (2)
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Morphosyntax operation in verbs causes changing in valency, for example addition or deletion of valence
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In addition, there is also change in increasing or decreasing level of valency
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This is a very interesting phenomenon in a language
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This valency changing occurs in Javanese which is the goal
of this research
Purpose
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This research aims at explaining the changing valency in Javanese
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The research is also expected to show increase and
decrease of valency in Javanese
Theoretical Framework
Haspelmath (2015)
u Mary[Nom] loves her pet[Acc]
u She[Nom] loves him[Acc]
u Andi[Nom] sayang peliharaannyaAcc]
u Dia[Nom] sayang dia [Acc]
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u In the above example, Mary and she is in the subyek position; while her pet and him are in obyek position. She is the nominative form of the first person singular female and him is the accusative form of third person singular male. Ilustrasi yang sama juga ditunjukkan oleh dua contoh berikutnya dari
Theoretical Framework
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Realization in valency patterns is calles CODING FRAMES, as illustrated below from Haspelmath (2015)
They
[Nom]accused her
[Acc]of plagiarism
English accuse: <Arg1-NOM V.SUBJ[1] Arg2-ACC of+Arg3.
The coding frames show the valency pattern of accuse in
the above example.
u Scheduled Controlled Elicitation (Chelliah, 2011) by distributing questionnaire to 20 native speakers of Malang dialect
u The questionnaire consist of sentences in English in which the informants were to translate them into Javanese
u The sentences (that use 70 verbs) are adapted from the Leipzig Project.
Method
Data Presentation & Discussion
Causative Construction
Analytic Causative & Increase Valency
Lexical Causative
Morphological Causative
Conclusion
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Valency patterns in Javanese: monovalent, bivalent, three places valency.
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Increase valency = causative cosntruction
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Needs further research on applicative construction
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