Received: Desember 2, 2023, Revised: Desember 23, 2023, Accepted: Januari 29, 2024, Corresponding author: [email protected]
In-depth Study of ISPS Code Implementation on SPDB Ship WGM 3001 P
Makmur
Nautica, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran (PIP) Makassar, Indonesia DOI:
Abstract
This research aims to explore the implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) on the SPDB WGM 3001 P. Through direct observation and literature review, this research identified several critical challenges in the implementation of maritime security. Key findings included the crew's limited understanding of the ISPS Code and suboptimal security equipment, particularly in terms of technology. The research conclusions emphasized the need for intensive crew training and education, investment in more up-to-date security equipment, and periodic audits to assess compliance with the ISPS Code. Practical suggestions include increased cooperation with port authorities, implementation of supporting technologies, and updating of security equipment
Keywords: ISPS Code, SPDB Ship, In-depth Study
Introduction
Seen in every aspect of human life that continues to compete to be better in the future.
This makes the emergence of thoughts of technology experts on how to make things modern than before and can meet the needs of the times, especially in the maritime field, ships as a means of transportation, namely in transportation, are the right answer in supporting the smooth flow of transportation of goods. (Puryono, 2016). As likened to a very large giant bowl, by covering a very long distance, so the ship is the answer to efficient sea transportation. Transportation by sea by utilizing the results of science and technology that is developing very quickly does not automatically guarantee safety, but often also experiences obstacles and problems.
In addition, global maritime security is a major concern in an era of globalization and world interconnection. Threats to ships sailing in international waters are increasingly complex, including the threat of terrorism, arms smuggling and other illegal activities. This phenomenon emphasizes the urgency of the need for effective security measures in the maritime sector.
ISPS Code (International Ship and Port Facility Security Code) is a regulatory tool issued by the IMO (International Maritime Organization) to improve the security of ships and port facilities. (Code, 2016). The implementation of the ISPS Code on ships is key to preventing and overcoming maritime security threats. As the threat level increases, the need for research related to the implementation of the ISPS Code on ships becomes very relevant.
The implementation of the ISPS Code on board SPDB 3001 P needs to be evaluated to understand the extent of its compliance and effectiveness in dealing with maritime security threats. Some of the questions that arise are to what extent the security of the ship is
maintained, what are the obstacles faced in the implementation of the ISPS Code, and how improvement efforts can be made.
This research aims to identify the level of compliance of the SPDB 3001 P ship with the ISPS Code. In addition, this research also aims to analyze in depth the obstacles and challenges faced in implementing the ISPS Code on the ship. Furthermore, this research seeks to develop concrete recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the ISPS Code on board the SPDB 3001 P.
This research is expected to contribute significantly to a deeper understanding of the implementation of the ISPS Code on ships, particularly on the SPDB 3001 P. The information generated from this research is expected to provide valuable guidance to relevant parties, including maritime authorities and ship owners, in an effort to improve overall maritime security. In addition, this research is expected to provide a solid foundation for further research related to maritime security and the implementation of security regulations in the marine transportation sector. Thus, the results of this study have a positive impact in strengthening the global maritime security framework.
In accordance with the author's experience, when the ship docked in Dili Timor Leste on March 15, 2020, for a crew change while at the port there were guests who boarded the ship without filling out a visitor log book or a form that had been specially prepared for each guest who boarded the ship, this is evidence that the handling of security and safety on board was less concerned by the officers on board. In addition, the lack of a sense of responsibility of the officers on board the ship for the importance of ship security and safety when the ship will board passengers at the port.
To improve the security and safety of the ship when the ship will load at the port, everyone who gets on the ship must have permission from the officer and carry out the correct checks, but in reality the implementation process on the ship is not carried out optimally. In connection with the above background, the author takes the title "In-depth Study of the Implementation of the ISPS Code on the SPDB Ship WGM 3001 P"
Method
A. Research Design
This research uses a mixed approach that combines desk analysis and direct observation of shipboard activities (Creswell, J. W., 2014). Desk analysis was conducted with the aim of reviewing official documents related to the ISPS Code, understanding its regulations and implementation guidelines, and identifying standards and best practices in its application.
Data sources used include the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code, national regulations related to the ISPS Code, implementation guidelines, scientific journal articles, books, and research reports. The analysis methods used include document analysis to identify relevant information and thematic analysis to reveal themes and patterns from the data collected.
Meanwhile, on-board observation was conducted with the aim of directly observing the
B. Observation Data Analysis
The data generated from the observations will be analyzed using a qualitative approach.
Thematic analysis will be used to identify patterns, key findings, and barriers in the implementation of the ISPS Code on board SPDB 3001 P. The results of this analysis will provide in-depth insight into the vessel's security practices, enable identification of areas of improvement, and assess the extent to which the vessel meets global maritime security standards.
C. Literature Review
At the literature review stage, the researcher will identify ISPS Code-related literature to build a solid foundation of understanding (Yin, R. K., 2014). The literature review will include previous studies that evaluated the implementation of the ISPS Code on similar vessels. This literature analysis will provide a comprehensive view of the factors influencing ISPS Code implementation, as well as recommendations arising from previous studies. The results of the literature review will be used as a comparison and contrast to the findings from direct observations on board SPDB 3001 P, providing context and support for possible improvement recommendations proposed in this study.
Results and Discussion
A. Findings from Observation
Knowledge and skills of the crew (outcome of training or experience) about the application of the ISPS Code on board. The implementation on board there are still crew members who are less skilled and less skilled and do not understand what the provisions of the ISPS Code on board are applied for.
Analysis of Security Handling carried out on the SPDB WGM 3001 P ship is one of several fleets owned by PT WHS GLOBAL MANDIRI JKT Company based in Indonesia. At the time of the incident the author worked as a Ship Security Officer (SSO). At SPDB WGM 3001 P, which was then docked at the port of Dili, Timor Leste to carry out loading activities.
According to Mathis (2006) HRM is the design of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to achieve organizational goals.
Similarly, according to Dunette (1976) Skills mean developing knowledge gained through traning and experience by carrying out several tasks.
The crew's lack of skills in Ship Security Plans on board the ship in carrying out preventive measures and ship security. Due to the lack of performance and continuous efforts to increase the crew's active participation in entering something new, and the absence of a clear picture of the function of the ship safety plan, they become passive when doing work according to their job description, job responsibilities and expectations set without them knowing the benefits.
Figure 1. Location of the incident
Source: SPDB WGM 3001 P
The crew's lack of skills, vigilance and participation in ship security means that the implementation of Ship Security Plans is very important, given the current security and vulnerability of shipping conditions for the safety of their lives on board. Therefore, every time the ship enters an area with the potential for piracy, additional guards and barbed wire should be installed around the ship. In addition, the crew must always observe the ship's surroundings. The ISPS Code is implemented through Chapter XI-2 on Special measures to enhance maritime safety in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). AIS (Automatic Indetification System)
1. SSAS (Ship Security Alert System) 2. Hand Held Radho
3. Baton
4. GMDSS
5. Cargo Light 6. Metal Detector 7. Padlocks
8. Fire Hose, Nozzle 9. Public Addresser 10. Axe
11. Access Control System 12. CCTV
The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code / ISPS Code is an amendment and 1974 SOLAS convention which is included in Chapter XI-2. The ISPS Code is a
The elements that are the substance of the ship security design as referred to in the ISPS Code which is defined as a provision or regulation that contains special measures to improve maritime security and safety in terms of the security of ships, companies and port facilities.
(Hendra & Basuki, 2022). Ship security assessment is carried out to identify weaknesses or deficiencies that may occur in the security section of the ship and the possibility to reduce or mitigate the weaknesses or deficiencies in question. The elements that occur are the substance of the ship security assessment results as referred to in ISPS Code Part A.8 and Part B.8.3.
Ship security plan is a security plan developed from the results of the security assessment to ensure that the application of security measures on board the designed ship can be implemented to protect people, cargo, cargo transport equipment, ship's stores of supplies from the risk of a security disturbance. Elements that form the substance of the ship's security design as referred to in ISPS Code Part A.9 and Part B.9. the ship's crew and officers are given a briefing or explanation of the positive and negative impacts if there is a security disturbance. The form of explanation or direction can be a discussion when held in a Safety Meeting or in daily conversation when in a work situation to be more concerned about the application of conventions on security and safety so that it can be implemented according to the provisions.
Pursuant to the content of CONFERENCE RESOLUTION 2 adopted on December 12, 2002, the 1974 Amendment to Chapter XI-2 of the new convention establishes an international code of reference on the security of ships and port facilities (ISPS Code).
Shipping companies and participants in the Convention note that this agreement, which came into effect on July 1, 2004, offers the most immediate tool for ensuring that necessary security measures are put in place and take effect quickly. It is recognized that the main objective of the establishment of the ISPS Code is to create safe situations and conditions for the operation of ships and shipping facilities in international contests. (Goulielmos &
Anastasakos, 2005). so that it is also expected to have a better impact on ships and port facilities as well as sea transportation and trade routes.
From the title Implementation of Security on Board the SPDB WGM 3001 P. The author takes the problems that arise in the implementation of security on board, the crew of the SPDB WGM 3001 P ship still lacks knowledge and understanding in implementing the provisions of the ISPS Code as it should, if the ship's crew fully understands the ISPS Code, the security system on board will run well, otherwise if the ship's crew does not understand the ISPS Code, the security system on board does not run well.
In preventing security on ships when docked at the port, it appears that the security equipment used still needs to be added as a supporting element in the application of security.
The security equipment used to carry out tasks according to the provisions in the ISPS Code does not meet the requirements so that supervision and control are not optimal.
Adequate equipment in accordance with technological developments is something that must be considered in handling or minimizing security disturbances. The equipment used to conduct surveillance and inspection both in shipping and at the port is still conventional and seems makeshift so that it requires quite a lot of Human Resources (HR) and the time in the inspection is quite wasted.
Based on this, it is concluded that the crew did not carry out checks in accordance with ISPS standards at Timor Leste Port so that it can threaten security on the ship, especially for the crew and other passengers on board. Passenger handling needs to be carried out in accordance with applicable standards
B. Literature Analysis of ISPS Code Implementation C. Link between Observations and Literature Study Findings
The implementation of the ISPS Code on board SPDB WGM 3001 P is a major concern in the maritime security related literature. CONFERENCE RESOLUTION 2 formalized on December 12, 2002 created the framework for the ISPS Code, an international code that sets security standards for ships and port facilities. The Code came into force on July 1, 2004, with the aim of creating safe conditions for the operation of ships and port facilities and enhancing security in global maritime transportation and trade. (Balkin, 2006; Harrison, 2009).
Research into the implementation of the ISPS Code on the SPDB WGM 3001 P highlights the challenges and constraints faced. Analysis of the literature shows that limited knowledge among crew members can hinder the effectiveness of security measures (Walter et al., 2022). (Walter et al., 2022). Inadequate security equipment and the use of conventional technology are also major concerns (Chae et al., 2020). (Chae et al., 2020). Previous studies indicate that a good understanding of the ISPS Code is key in maintaining ship security and preventing potential security threats. (ŞEKER, 2018; Talley, 2012).
Highlighting the findings of the WGM 3001 P SPDB, further research suggests that investment in crew training and the use of the latest technology in security equipment can provide solutions to improve ISPS Code implementation. (Talley, 2012). The conclusion of the literature emphasizes the need for constant updates and improvements in the implementation of maritime security to address the ever-evolving challenges in the global maritime environment.
Conclusion
From the research on the implementation of the ISPS Code on the SPDB WGM 3001 P, it can be concluded that limited understanding and non-optimal security equipment are the main challenges. The crew needs to receive further training and education regarding the ISPS Code to ensure better compliance. Security equipment on board needs to be updated with more up-to-date technology to increase the effectiveness of security measures.
As advice, concrete measures such as regular training, investment in more sophisticated security equipment, and periodic audits to assess compliance with the ISPS Code are required. Close cooperation with port authorities is also key in synchronizing ship security measures with global standards. The application of supporting technologies, such as biometric identification, can be an additional solution to strengthen security systems on ships.
With the implementation of these suggestions, it is expected that the SPDB WGM 3001 P can achieve a higher level of security, support global maritime security, and ensure smooth operations in the maritime environment.
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