The Impact Analysis Covid-19 Pandemic In The Construction Field
(Case Studies Project Bracing Dock Diamond Tanjung Perak Surabaya)
Iswatun Chasanah, Diah Ayu Restuti Wulandari
Departement of Civil Engineering, Narotama University, Indonesia [email protected], [email protected]
Abstrak
Indonesia is countries which have abundant natural resources, tribesmen who are diverse and cultures which have no end.But, the riches has made indonesia indonesia apparently has yet to be developed countries.In indonesia and 2020 negara-negara other around the world feel covid-19. pandemicIt is also an impact on the construction industry, namely on infrastructure in indonesia.The impact of the pandemic covid-19 inflicted in the construction industry in addition to delays in, project also in the distribution of materials and construction materials, trimming labor /, laborers trimming the termination while working hours even for proyek-proyek who was in the red zone.
The methodology used in knowing the biggest impact for impact analysis of pandemic covid-19 covid-19 pandemic in the construction field is the method multiple linear regression .But other data analysis used in this research was purposive sampling , the reliability and validity used in assaying questionnaires , interview and documentation. In this research, there are six variable free independent / namely change time on time schedule due to fisik policy distancing made by the government, x1 ) ( change time on time schedule due to delay the labor ( x ), change time on time schedule due to delay the expanse of construction material ( x3 ), change time on time schedule due to delay the construction x4 ( a ), due to change the instability construction material prices ( x5 ), the price change as a result of a construction rent ( x6 ) and varibel bound the project dependent / sustainability ( y1 ).
Keyword:
A Construction Project, Construction Material, Infrastructure, Linear Regression Double, Pandemics Covid-19, Project Management.
1. Introduction
In 2020 indonesia and other countries around the world feel covid-19. pandemicsThis also resulted in the construction sector, in the infrastructure development in indonesia.The impact of pandemic covid-19 inflicted in the construction field but, project delays also in the distribution of material and, construction material trimming labor /, workers trimming working hours and temporary working for the projects are in a red zone.
As a case study kevin arianto wijaya , kevin jonathan santoso-universitas christian petra , 2021 of portraiture construction industry in surabaya in the covid-19 pandemic . Studies of cases conclude that big construction and contractors in the small delay the completion of a job and indicators swelling costs due to the pandemic covid-19 project.
In the dock bracing diamond Tanjung Perak Surabaya having 440.000.000.000 and estimate the value of the contract was accomplished within 132 this week also affected pandemic covid-19 that have experienced delays in penyelesaiaan and swelling of construction cost. In this case it can be said that the problems that often occurs in any project delays (time and money) project implementation therefore, writer decided to do research aims to understand the biggest impact of pandemic covid-19 most influential (case study on the construction project bracing dock diamond Tanjung Perak Surabaya).
2. Theoritical
2.1. Previous Research
The cause of problems: obstacles (addition the cost and delay and how much impact they may have on the implementation of a construction project in the capital for the pandemic covid-19. The results of the study: the factors causing the obstacles triple, that is, labor constraint, material, equipment, work contract and documents, planning and schedulling, sisteminspeksi, control and evaluation work, managerial, a method of construction, financial, changing factor and environmental factor .
The cause of problems: know portrait in the pandemic covid-19, seen from the decreasing number, project swelling costs and delays in projects. The results of the study: There is a difference of opinion between large and small contractor in surabaya on the pandemic covid-19 in the delays in the completion of projects that have agreed upon in the contract early, characterized by pvalue 0,020.
The cause of problems: The influence of the pandemic on the effectiveness of every process engineering contractor. on the project The result of the study: The effectiveness of the process of enjiniring contractors during the pandemic. has been doneOf all the data obtained, there is no variable rate usually, on number three it means all respondents tended to regard the process of enjiniring generally less effective made in the pandemic.
2.2. Analysis Of Linear Regression Double
Regression analysis is one method of determining and effect relationship between one variable and other variables ( iskandar ahmaddien and yofy syarkani, 2019 ). Multiple regression can be defined as the influence of more than two variables , consisting of two or more variables independent or free and one variable dependent ( bound ) and used to build and use the equation to make predictions ( prediction). The formula the regression equation is double can elaborated as follows:
Ŷ = a + b₁X₁ + b₂X₂ + …. + bnXn
Ŷ = Which is predicted it is predicted value A = Constant/Intercep
b₁ = The regression coefficient /Slope to X₁ X₁ = Independent variables X₁
b₂ = The regression coefficient /Slope to X₂ X₂ = Independent variables X₂
bn = The regression coefficient /Slope to Xn Xn = Independent variables Xn
Monika Natalia, dkk,
2021
Analysis factor-factor cause problems
triple constraint construction project due to
covid-19 Kevin Arianto
Wijaya, dkk, 2021
A portrait of constructon industry in surabaya in the
covid-19 pandemic
Ryan Faza Prasetyo, 2020
Identification of the effectiveness of a factor in the
process of working engineering contractor in a
construction
3. Research Methodology
Figure 1. Flow Diagram
4. Discussion and Research
The first stage of the research is conducted test. validityIn research all the questions on the questionnaire to test the validity of metamorphosis. The validity referred to do with some stage .Some stages was being conducted in the items questions represent the variable free. Based on the results of the validity to all the questions represent the variable free in this research , it is known that all items statement has value tcount The larger when compared with ttable. Then, can be taken the conclusion that the whole question expressed valid items. Because all variable passing the step of experiment validity and expressed valid in the calculation , so the accurate all the variables to use this in the data revealed that variable efficient and right , and deserves to be used as a research.
Table 1. Validity Test
X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9
X1 0
X1 1
X1 2
X 13
X1 4
X1 5
X1 6
X1 7
X1 8
Destiar 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2
Sama' 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 3
Akmad 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2
Dani 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3
Parama 3 4 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 3 1
Arjunae
ndra 4 3 2 3 4 1 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 1 3 4 1
Irfan 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Angga 3 4 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 2
Soleh 4 4 2 4 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2
Fathoni 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4
Edi 3 4 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 1 3 4 1
Samuel 3 2 4 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
Jentiwa
ndes 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2
Andryan 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2
Sandy 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3
Rengga 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 2 2 3 2 2 2
Dwi 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
M.Roml
i 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
M.
Chandra 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
Bamban
g 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2
Pasal
Aron 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1
Farida 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3
Rhitung 0.68
68 0.
62 0.
61 0.
69 0.
5 0.
58 0.
65 0.
64 0.
62 0.
64 0.
55 0.
53 0.
5 0.
49 0.
58 0.
48 0.
5 0.
62 Rtabel
0.43 2
0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
4 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43 0.
43
Status V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V
Reliability test done after the validity. Testing reliability this as a broad outline done with three stages started of searching value 𝑟𝑛as the coefficients alpha, nilai comparing with value , Then determines any decision reliability of any the data tested. Based on the reliability test to all of the questions represent the variables in this research, free it can be seen that all items statement has value 𝑟𝑛 greater compared to 𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 . So, can be taken conclusion that all items questions expressed reliabel .Because all the variables have pass through the reliability test and expressed reliabel in of and the calculation, So the level of accurate all the variables which will be used in the data it expresses that the variable trustworthy and worthy of for use as a research material.
Table 2. Reliability Test
X1 X2
X 3
X 4
X
5 X6 X7 X 8 X9
X 10
X 11
X 12
X1 3
X1 4
X 15
X1 6
X 17
X1 8
Destiar 4 3 2 2 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2
Sama' 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 3 2 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 3
Akmad 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2
Dani 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 3
Parama 3 4 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 3 1
Arjunaendra 4 3 2 3 4 1 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 1 3 4 1
Irfan 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Angga 3 4 2 3 3 2 3 4 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 2
Soleh 4 4 2 4 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 2
Fathoni 4 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4
Edi 3 4 2 3 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 1 3 4 1
Samuel 3 2 4 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2
Jentiwandes 3 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 2
Andryan 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2
Sandy 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3
Rengga 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 2 2 3 2 2 2
Dwi 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
M.Romli 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
M. Chandra 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
Bambang 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 2
Pasal Aron 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 1
Farida 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3
Varian Butir 0.4
7 0.6
7 0.
5 0.
3 0.
3 0.
63 0.
59 0.
3 0.
51 0.
6 0.
2 0.
7 0.
29 0.
43 0.
5 0.
31 0.
5 0.
68 Jumlah
Varian Butir 0.2
42 Varian
Tt=otal
38.
32 R Hitung
1.0 53 R Tabel
0.4 32 Status R
Next done calculation the percentage conformity planning and realization projects to be used as variable bound for linear regression multiple by a factor of correction of a fault 5% following:
𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡
𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡
𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑒 𝑐 𝑡 𝑓 𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐 𝑡 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡
𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡
𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡
𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡
𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑒
𝑒𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡
𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖 𝑎𝑡𝑖 𝑛 𝑓 𝑐 𝑛𝑓 𝑟 𝑖𝑡
Next phase is double linear regression analysis .Linear regression analysis used to know double variable influence change time on time schedule due to physical policy distancing made by the government (X1), Change time on time schedule due to delay the labor (X2), Change the time on time schedule due to delays in the construction material (X3), Change time on schedule delays in time for the construction equipment (X4), The cost of the changes it stabilan price construction material (X5), The increase in the price change the cost of the construction tool rental (X6) Dependent on variables (Y) Blessings project planning and realization. Some stages done in make the analysis regression including linear double can be described as follows: Determine the value of constants and the regression coefficient. The calculation is divided into two that is to the aspect of costs and time.
A score from the answers of the the questionnaire questions that supports the variable is.
Tabel 3. The Recapitulation Of The Total The Value Of One Variable And Multiplication Aspects Of Time
N Y
X 1
X 2
X 3
X
4 X1² X2² X3² X4² Y²
X1xX2xX3
xX4 X1xY X2xY
X3x Y
X4x Y 1
95.
5 8 9 9 8 64 81 81 64 9120,25 5184 764 859.5
859.
5 764
2 95.
5 11 10 9 10 121 100 81 100 9120,26 9900
1050.
5 955
859.
5 955
3 95.
5 8 8 8 8 64 64 64 64 9120,27 4096 764 764 764 764
4 95.
5 11 10 11 10 121 100 121 100 9120,28 12100
1050.
5 955
1050 .5 955 5
95.
5 9 8 9 9 81 64 81 81 9120,29 5832 859.5 764
859.
5
859.
5 6
95.
5 11 8 9 9 121 64 81 81 9120,30 7128
1050.
5 764
859.
5
859.
5 7
95.
5 9 9 9 9 81 81 81 81 9120,31 6561 859.5 859.5
859.
5
859.
5 8
95.
5 9 8 9 9 81 64 81 81 9120,32 5832 859.5 764
859.
5
859.
5 9
95.
5 10 8 8 8 100 64 64 64 9120,33 5120 955 764 764 764
10 95.
5 11 10 9 9 121 100 81 81 9120,34 8910
1050.
5 955
859.
5
859.
5 11
95.
5 9 7 9 9 81 49 81 81 9120,35 5103 859.5 668.5
859.
5
859.
5 12
95.
5 9 9 8 6 81 81 64 36 9120,36 3888 859.5 859.5 764 573
13 95.
5 7 9 10 11 49 81 100 121 9120,37 6930 668.5 859.5 955
1050 .5 14
95.
5 8 9 9 9 64 81 81 81 9120,38 5832 764 859.5
859.
5
859.
5 15
95.
5 10 10 10 10 100 0 100 100 9120,39 10000 955 955 955 955
16 95.
5 7 8 12 11 49 64 144 121 9120,40 7392 668.5 764 1146
1050 .5 17
95.
5 9 11 12 11 81 121 144 121 9120,41 13068 859.5
1050.
5 1146 1050
.5 18
95.
5 12 12 12 11 144 144 144 121 9120,42 19008 1146 1146 1146 1050
.5 19
95.
5 9 12 11 11 91 144 121 121 9120,43 13068 859.6 1146 1050
.5
1050 .5 20
95.
5 6 8 6 7 36 64 36 49 9120,44 2016 573 764 573
668.
5 21
95.
5 6 8 7 6 36 64 49 36 9120,45 2016 573 764
668.
5 573
22 95.
5 6 8 6 7 36 64 36 49 9120,46 2016 573 764 573
668.
5 Σ 95.
5 19
5 19
9 20
2 19
8 180
3 173
9 191
6 183
4
191525.
25 161000
18622 .5
19004 .5
1929 1
1890 9 Tabel 4. The Total Variable Values And Multiplication The Cost
N Y X5 X6 X5² X6² Y² X5xX6 X5xY X6xY
1 82.871 8 8 64 64 6867.603 64 662.968 662.968
2 83.871 11 11 121 121 7034.345 121 922.581 922.581
3 84.871 8 8 64 64 7203.087 64 678.968 678.968
7 88.871 9 9 81 81 7898.055 81 799.839 799.839
8 89.871 9 8 81 64 8076.797 72 808.839 718.968
9 90.871 8 8 64 64 8257.539 64 726.968 726.968
10 91.871 11 9 121 81 8440.281 99 1010.581 826.839
11 92.871 8 8 64 64 8625.023 64 742.968 742.968
12 82.871 7 6 49 36 6867.603 42 580.097 497.226
13 83.871 6 6 36 36 7034.345 36 503.226 503.226
14 84.871 8 8 64 64 7203.087 64 678.968 678.968
15 85.871 8 8 64 64 7373.829 64 686.968 686.968
16 86.871 6 6 36 36 7546.571 36 521.226 521.226
17 87.871 9 9 81 81 7721.313 81 790.839 790.839
18 88.871 10 9 100 81 7898.055 90 888.71 799.839
19 89.871 9 9 81 81 8076.797 81 808.839 808.839
20 90.871 7 8 49 64 8257.539 56 636.097 726.968
21 91.871 7 5 49 25 8440.281 35 643.097 459.355
22 92.871 8 8 64 64 8625.023 64 742.968 742.968
Σ 1933.162 185 176 1603 1444 170088.9 1513 16263.14 15467.3 So the equation linear regression double free said variable influence on variables tied in the time is:
𝑌 = 88,182 - 1,016𝗑1 -0,052x2 – 0,048x3 +1,915x4
So the regression equation is linear multiple stated variable influence free on variables bound in the aspect of the cost is:
𝑌 = 87,873 - 0,111𝗑5 – 0,176𝗑6
On the table and all calculations done can be seen that all the variables free to have an influence on variables bound. The influence of each free different variables. The level of planning and realization project on the time based on secondary data is 95,5% while the level of planning and realization on the linear regression analysis based on the calculation of time double is 69,69%. While , the level of planning and realization of the project on the aspect of the cost is 92,125% While the level of planning and realization based on calculations on the cost of linear regression analysis doble is 97,13%.
5. Conclusion
And the result of the validity of reliability test calculation using analysis and the process of linear regression double the data in a can of the spread of the questionnaire that has been in the contents of by parties who directly involved get the conclusion that the biggest impact of pandemic covid-19 most influential on the construction (Case Studies Project Bracing Dock Diamond Tanjung Perak Surabaya) Obtained from the free (X) hat have leverage highest on variables bound on the time is X4, At the end of the problems the construction of a 1,915Meanwhile free variable have influence the highest on variables bound on the cost is X6, on the problems due to change it stabilan construction in the price a pandemic of covid-19 0,176.
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