67
The Importance of Building Spiritual Health by The Application of Islamic Psychology in Life
Fatimah1, Masyitoh2, Suherman3, Nur Romdhona4, Dihartawan5
1Faculty of Medicine and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
2Islamic Education Management Doctoral Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta
3,4,5Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta Jl. KH. Ahmad Dahlan, Cirendeu, Ciputat, South Tangerang City, Banten.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Spiritual intelligence is the ability to interpret and find the purpose of life by using one's own inner resources and strength due to attachment to God. Aspects measured include self-awareness, idealism, effort in dealing with difficulties, openness, assertiveness, critical thinking or asking why, and responsiveness. Humans who reach spiritual maturity will prefer friendship with all. In addition, the human being is very liked by the people around him, because this human who has matured spiritually is able to provide fresh air that cools the people around him. Those who have spiritual intelligence, will not feel hopeless or tired in the activities they do. The Islamic conception of spirituality is different from the western conception which distinguishes spirituality from religion. The concept of ad-din is the umbrella of spirituality. In the context of Islam, there is no spirituality without religious beliefs, teachings, and deeds. Religion is a system of life (way of life) that provides a spiritual path for the salvation of the world and the hereafter.
Keywords: spiritual health, human, Islamic psychology Introduction
Science that examines humans, especially about the problem of human personality which is philosophy, theory, methodology and approach based on formal Islamic sources, both the Qur'an and al- hadith as well as reason, senses and intuition is called Islamic Psychology.1 Due to dissatisfaction with the nature of human origin, this Islamic psychology emerged. The Islamic psychology movement originated from the Association of Muslim Social Scientists or the association of Muslim social scientists. Previous Islamic scientists have also studied the soul such as al-Farabi, Ibn Sina and al-Ghazali, this shows that Muslim scientists have also paid attention to this soul problem, such as Nafs, Qalb, Ruh and 'Aql. This study also indicates that the Qur'an has previously informed about the soul with various terms.2
The essence of mental health in the perspective of Islamic psychology. Terminologically, mental health is always developing. At first, people's understanding of mental health was limited and narrow, such as only being limited to avoiding a person from mental disorders and diseases. In this sense, mental health means that it is only for people who experience mental disorders and illnesses. Though mental health is
68 needed for everyone who longs for a peaceful life and happiness in life both in this world and in the hereafter.3
The definition of spiritual intelligence is the ability to interpret and find purpose in life by using one's own inner resources and strength due to attachment to God. Aspects measured include self-awareness, idealism, effort in dealing with difficulties, openness, assertiveness, critical thinking or asking why, and responsiveness Zohar (2001). In Islam, spiritual wisdom is found related to da'wah activities. Muslims and people who are spiritually wise are able to respond to the concept of radicalism in Indonesia. Interpret events according to the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith so as not to deviate from accepted teachings and good values, have a good religious understanding, then be able to respond to life without losing one's identity. 4
Spiritual intelligence has the function of being able to awaken the "God Spot" in the human brain.
God Spot is a spiritual point located between neural connections in the temporal lobes of the brain. There is human nature in the deepest God Spot.5 This study of God Spot gave birth to the concept of spiritual intelligence, namely human abilities related to efforts to give appreciation to how to make life more meaningful. Humans who reach spiritual maturity will prefer friendship with all. In addition, the human being is very liked by the people around him, because this human who has matured spiritually is able to provide fresh air that cools the people around him. Those who have spiritual intelligence, will not feel hopeless or tired in the activities they do. This is because the principle is integrated to Allah SWT and because of Allah SWT.6
Individuals who are able to develop their spiritual potential and make it a guide for life will find the happiness needed to live life. Humans can achieve happiness in life because the life goals they want to achieve are in accordance with the spiritual guidelines they have. They do not experience psychological conflicts related to life motivation and conscience born from the spiritual dimension. Thus, they will easily realize happiness in accordance with the existence of humanity itself. Therefore, in this case the author wants to review some of the literature on the importance of building spiritual health with the application of Islamic psychology in life.7
Research Methods
Literature review and literature study in this study aims to draw conclusions about the importance of building spiritual health with the application of Islamic psychology in life. This study used a literature review with the aim of finding various theories and ideas that will be formulated according to the research objectives.
69 Table 1 List of Literature Used in Research
No Researcher’s Name Title Research methods Results
1. Munawir Haris Pendekatan Psikologi Dalam Studi Islam2
Journal of Social- Religion Research April 2017, Vol.2, No.1, hal.73-90
The architecture of Islamic Psychology refers to the concept of the existence of Islam through a more comprehensive discussion of the human concept.
Humans are not only controlled by the past or their environment, but can design the future and are able to control the environment..
2. Nusaibah Nur Furqani Z.A
Peranan religiusitas dan Kecerdasan Spiritual terhadap Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Psikologis 4
Psychological Journal:
Science and Practice Tahun 2021, Vol 1(1):9–15
Spiritual intelligence cannot fully act as a mediator of the relationship between religiosity and human psychological well-being.
What is meant is that individuals who have high religiosity are able to improve psychological well-being without going through their spiritual intelligence. This is because the measured spiritual intelligence does not represent the psychological well-being of Muslim women who are studying at the Koran.
3. Nur Ahmad Kerangka Dasar Membangun Kesehatan Spritual Melalui Pendekatan Psikologi Islam8
Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Islam Vol. 6, No. 2, Desember 2015
Basically, humans tend to always obey their religious beliefs. According to the Islamic view, this tendency is called fitrah. Whereas fitrah is a continuation of the agreement between God and the human spirit, so the human spirit is filled with
something called
consciousness
(transcendence) which is absolute and the most sacred.
4. Marliza Oktapiani Tingkat Kecerdasan Spiritual dan
Tahdzib Akhlaq No V/1/2020
Spiritual intelligence is one thing that can affect memorizing the Qur'an.
70
No Researcher’s Name Title Research methods Results
kemampuan Menghafal Al- Qur’an9
Because, in memorizing the Qur'an, the memorizers must build a good relationship with Allah, so that the memorization process becomes easier and can be completed in a not too long time. And in memorizing it also requires patience and persistence and perseverance so that the memorization is perfect even though the problem that often comes to memorizing the Qur'an is that it is too focused on memorizing but lacks a good relationship with Allah SWT and lacks prayer, especially at times when efficacious.
5. Abdul Hamid Agama Dan Kesehatan Mental Dalam Perspektif Psikologi Agama10
Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2017 : 1-84
Mental health is the avoidance of a person from complaints and mental disorders in the form of neurosis and psychosis (adjustment to the social environment) A mentally healthy person will always feel safe and happy in any condition, he will also introspect on everything he does so that he will be able to control and control themselves. While mental health disorders can simply be interpreted as the absence or lack of mental health, characterized by a feeling of restlessness, insecurity, decreased mental function and the occurrence of inappropriate or reasonable behavior.
6. Tajulashikin Jumahat, Nor Faizah Abdullah
Perbandingan Konsep Kecerdasan Spiritual Dari Perspektif Islam
Proceeding of the International
Conference on Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization iCasic 2014
The concept of spiritual intelligence put forward by Islamic scholars shows a complete relationship between the concepts of
71
No Researcher’s Name Title Research methods Results
dan Barat: Satu Penilaian Semula11
(e-ISBN 978-967- 11768-4-9), 4-5 March 2014, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.
Organized by
WorldConferences.net
spirituality and religion that can be realized from the dimensions of faith, worship and morality. The investigator's first desire is to realize the Islamization of psychology. When the second goal is to inform Muslim investigators that the theoretical framework or conceptual framework of spiritual intelligence proposed by the West is inconsistent with the basis of Islamic tasawur. Because of this, Islamic scholars in various fields, including Islamic psychologists and religious scholars, need to work hand in hand to continue to enrich the treasures of Islamic psychology for the welfare of the people as a whole.
7. Yazidul Busthomi Macam-Macam Bentuk
Kecerdasan Spiritual Dalam Konsep
Pendidikan Luqman Al- Hakim12
Jurnal Various forms of spiritual intelligence in education concept Luqman al-Hakim namely as follows:
1. Prohibition of shirk 2. Belief in Allah's
vengeance 3. Prayer orders
4. Amar ma'ruf and nahi munkar
5. The command to be patient
6. Prohibition of arrogant 8. Safrina Psikologi dalam
Islam13
Islam Futura, Vol. VII, No. 2, Tahun 2008
Islamic psychology is a very effective vehicle for introducing psychological studies from different dimensions, such as western theories so far. They are very shallow in the spiritual dimension that should be united in the psychological dimension in all their activities. Islamic psychology should be a very
72
No Researcher’s Name Title Research methods Results
fertile field for Muslim psychologists to present a new perspective in the field of psychology, and it is hoped that it will bring fresh air that can soothe the hearts and souls of people who read every writing that is launched because the study contains two dimensions at once, namely the dimension of the soul and the dimension of the soul.
spiritual.
9. Risky
Hasmiansyah, Aris Fauzan,
Muhammad Samsudin
Analysis Pemikiran Islam (Studi Terhadap Konsep
Psikologi Islam dalam
Pandangan Hasan Langgulung)
Jurnal Diversita, 7 (1) Juni (2021)
Humans in Islamic
psychology Hasan
Langgulung have good initial characteristics (fitrah) and recognize the role of the environment in personality formation. The characteristics of the human soul have a variety of words, namely Nafs, Qalb, Ruh, and 'Aql.
10. Bagus Riyono Pentingnya Psikologi Spiritual untuk Pengembangan Kepemimpinan Bermoral
BULETIN PSIKOLOGI
VOLUME 17, NO. 1, 2009
Spiritual Psychology is a discipline that incorporates spiritual aspects in explaining the dynamics of human behavior. One of the variables that is closely related to this human spiritual aspect is "hope", which is defined as "a belief that something good will come up, out of uncertainty"
(Riyono, 2005). This
“hope” variable can be applied in an effort to develop or form a moral leader, through working on the field of Psychology which includes parenting, education, youth activities, community development, organization, and leadership development.
11. Purmansyah Ariadi Kesehatan Mental dalam
Syifa ‘MEDIKA, Vol. 3 (No.2), Maret 2013
Mental health is the avoidance of a person from
73
No Researcher’s Name Title Research methods Results
Prespektif Islam14
complaints and mental disorders in the form of neurosis and psychosis (adjustment to the social environment) A mentally healthy person will always feel safe and happy in any condition, he will also introspect on everything he does so that he will be able to control and control themselves. Religion cannot be separated from human life. Human denial of religion may be due to certain factors, both caused by their respective personalities and environments. Human nature as a creature created by Allah SWT is that humans are created to have religious instincts, namely the religion of monotheism.
If there are people who are not monotheistic, then it is not natural, they are not monotheistic, it's only because of environmental influences
12. Munawir Haris Pendekatan Psikologi Dalam Studi Islam15
Journal of Social- Religion Research April 2017, Vol.2, No.1, hal.73-90
The architecture of Islamic Psychology refers to the concept of the existence of Islam through a more comprehensive discussion of the human concept.
Humans are not only controlled by the past or their environment, but can design the future and are able to control the environment.
Result
The results of research from various literature sources show that Islam is present by offering a more comprehensive discussion of the human concept of spiritual health with the application of Islamic
74 psychology in life. In the absence of spiritual intelligence as an intermediary, religious beliefs have a direct relationship and impact on psychology. The absence of spiritual intelligence as a mediator does not mean that it is not important for mental or psychological health.4
The interreligious relationship between Islam and Mental Health, is in submission to the supreme power. This attitude will make oneself have an optimistic attitude, one's emotions, positive feelings such as happiness, satisfaction, success, feeling loved, or feeling safe. emotional attitude is part of the need for human rights as God's creatures. then in that person's state in a calm and normal state.16
Discussion
A. Spiritual Meaning in Islam
Spiritualism is a distinctive form of the ideological system, the belief in the existence of an immaterial reality that cannot be absorbed by the senses. There was France, a movement spearheaded by Victor Cousin and Royer Collard, reacting against Auguste Comte's positivism in the 19th century. In America, Spiritism dates back to 1848 and refers to a connection to the soul of the deceased. In Italy, spiritualism means in the 20th century movement known as Christian spirituality, it starts with Gentile and Religious Existentialism.
SPIRITUAL also contains spiritual meaning or the like related to the spirit or spirit. Spirituality is a gift from God sent to someone with the heart. The heart always tells the truth, never lies. Conscience is the key to spirituality because it radiates the attributes of Allah. The attributes of God are breathed into the human soul, so that humans have desires in their lives 17
B. The Concept of Spiritualism in Islam
Etymologically the word "sprit" comes from the Latin word "spiritus", which among others means
"spirit, soul, soul, self-awareness, disembodied being, breath of life, life of life." In subsequent developments the word spirit is interpreted more broadly. Spirit gives importance to anything that if it becomes the center of all aspects of one's life. Spirit gives importance to anything that if it becomes the center of all aspects of a person's life. Spiritual is something that is influenced by culture, development, life experience, beliefs and values of life.
The concept of spiritual health itself is contemplation of the meaning of being, for which it is necessary to go through various levels of spiritual meditation; the movement of beings to struggle for true encounter with themselves. In order for a being to discover itself, self-knowledge is necessary; but self- knowledge requires contact with the more mundane senses: fear, uncertainty, emptiness, and nostalgia, to name just a few elements. Every movement on this path must contemplate the basic principles, the product of reflection of existence with itself. Interacting with the soul in search of its truth will reveal the supreme
75 values of beings. With self-knowledge, the being will then find a way to care for the other, a proxy mode, an existential interest for the other, thereby generating self-understanding. 18
At first spiritualism was not a religious issue. It is more of a worldly problem that arises as a result of social changes. In this change, social and psychological tensions are born. And that tension gave birth to a number of uncertainties in life, an anomie, at the individual and group level, because the old values have been displaced, while the new guidelines for a peaceful life are not yet clear in their character and nature.
The urban character determines the birth of this spiritualism. And at a certain level what is now called globalization, further sharpens the demands for the birth of spiritualism because globalization does carry an urban character.9
The Islamic conception of spirituality is different from the western conception which distinguishes spirituality from religion. In the view of Islam, spiritual and religious aspects (ad-din) cannot be separated.
The concept of ad-din is the umbrella of spirituality. In the context of Islam, there is no spirituality without religious beliefs, teachings, and deeds. Religion is a system of life (way of life) that provides a spiritual path for the salvation of the world and the hereafter.18
It is impossible for a Muslim to attain a high spiritual level without practicing his religion properly.
This can be explained through the three basic principles of religion (ushul ad-din) namely Islam, Iman, and Ihsan. Islam means submission to the Creator, is an early stage and is dzahir (can be seen). Next, the higher stage is faith, which is an inner attitude. While Ihsan is the highest level of belief of a Muslim which is a combination of belief and deeds.
C. Spiritual Intelligence in Islamic Perspective
Based on the definition put forward by Bensaid and Machouche (in press) states that spiritual intelligence is the result of deep faith which is manifested through right (good) thoughts and actions.
According to Fatimah (2012), spiritual intelligence involves the study of the nature and tendencies of the human soul which includes all aspects of life which are translated towards a meaningful and prosperous life. In fact, the field of modern psychology almost ignores the inner nature of humans that influence human behavior and behavior. Other important elements in human psychology such as belief, moral and spiritual dimensions have been considered as foreign discourses in modern developmental psychology.
In fact, in the field of psychology, the study of human intelligence has a close relationship with human personality. By using a psycho-spiritual framework, it can help to clarify the inner dimension of man which says that the human soul is an important element to explain the concept of spiritual intelligence.
The latent nature of spiritual intelligence will reflect a person's personality according to the influence and role played by the human soul. What is going on in the soul can reflect human behavior 9
Characteristics of spiritual intelligence
76 1. The existence of deep self-awareness, intuition and the power and innate authority he has is due to
his hard work, effort and God's help.
2. The existence of a broad view of the world by seeing oneself and the people around them are related.
3. Has noble values, is consistent with what he talks about and is firm in his opinion.
4. Understanding a high awareness of the purpose of life, that way he will try to hang his goals as high as the sky, by trying to do more than other people do for better results.
5. Not satisfied with what he gets, always looking for new innovations, and usually tends to put other people's business ahead of his personal business or the desire to contribute to others.12
D. Psychology in Islamic perspective
Building the concept of psychology based on Islam is the most original and most challenging endeavor, because there is an attempt to present a new perspective in understanding human beings psychologically. In Islamic teachings, the way to understand humans and the universe can be done through two doors, namely the kauniah verse and the qauliyah verse. To understand humans and recognize humans, we do not only use the texts of the Qur'an and al-hadith (verse qauliyah), but also by using, thinking about, and reflecting on events that exist in the universe and that occur in humans. (verse of kauniah) by using reason, senses and intuition.
E. Islamic Psychology Concepts about Humans 1. Humans as the object of study
The concept of man in modern scientific disciplines is a central concept. If we enter into the studies of psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, law, management, literature, philosophy of science and theology, then human concepts are always the main factor because they play an important role in developing a theory or scientific discipline. This human concept will determine how research on humans is carried out and how the treatment of humans is carried out. 18
The main task of humans on earth apart from being Abdullah (servant of Allah) is as a caliph. So that humans can carry out the duties of the caliphate properly, humans are equipped with potentials that allow them to carry out these tasks. These potentials include:
a. The first characteristic, humans have a body with the best form. With a good physique, humans are expected to be grateful to Allah
b. The second characteristic, humans are good in terms of nature from the start. Humans do not inherit original sin because Adam and Eve came out of heaven. One of the main characteristics of fitrah is that humans accept God as God.
77 c. The third characteristic is the spirit. The Qur'an explicitly says that human life depends on the form of the spirit in the body. About how it came into being, how it took shape, it is forbidden to question it.
d. The fourth characteristic is freedom of will or freedom of will, namely the freedom to choose one's own behavior, good or bad. As caliph, humans accept of their own accord the trust that other creatures cannot bear.
e. The fifth characteristic is reason. Intellect in the Islamic sense is not the brain, but the thinking power contained in the human soul. Intellect in Islam is a bond of three elements, namely thoughts, feelings and will.
f. The sixth characteristic is lust. Nafs or lust is often associated with the turmoil or impulses that exist within oneself man. If the impulse is powerful and humans do not control it then humans will go astray. In Q.S al-Furqan: 43-44
ۙ الًْيِك َو ِهْيَلَع ُن ْوُكَت َتْنَاَفَا ُُۗهى ٰوَه ٗهَهٰلِا َذَخَّتا ِنَم َتْيَءَرَا الًْيِبَس ُّلَضَا ْمُه ْلَب ِماَعْنَ ْلَّاَك َّلَِّا ْمُه ْنِا َُۗن ْوُلِقْعَي ْوَا َن ْوُعَمْسَي ْمُهَرَثْكَا َّنَا ُبَسْحَت ْمَا
ࣖ
Meaning: 43. Explain to me about the person who makes his lust as his Lord. So can you be the caretaker of it? 44. Or do you think that most of them hear or understand. they are nothing but like cattle, in fact they are more astray in their way (than the cattle) (11)
F. Balancing Spiritual Health in Islamic Psychology
Spiritual health is a natural or innate ability. It is as natural as our ability to laugh and cry. In us as humans, there are two most basic needs, physical needs such as: food and shelter, and emotional or psychological needs, to love and sexual needs there are also those that most humans ignore, namely:
spiritual needs, the need to believe or believe in something. and the need to feel meaningful in life. spiritual needs that are abstract, come when faced with conditions of emptiness or emptiness. Spiritual health to describe our intense need for peace and nurturing in our lives in a very fast-paced world.
We live in the midst of a life that bombards us constantly and abstractly. The bombardment comes from technology that works for 24 hours, imagination even our senses of taste and smell are controlled by technology without us thinking about the consequences. Spirituality is a function that humans have that is natural and basic but just like health and physical strength how we care for and develop it will determine the outcome.
G. Islamic Spiritual Relationship with Psychology
Abudin Nata explained about disease in Islam: In Islam disease is not only physical but also non- physical, namely spiritual and social disease. A person who is hard-hearted, does not want to carry out
78 religious orders, or violates His prohibitions can also be called a sick person. Likewise, people who don't care about the environment, are envious, envious, suspicious, unjust, arrogant, arrogant, and feel the greatest, or hate other people are people who have social diseases. That's why it is called al-saqim, there is also the word al-maridl. Al-saqim refers to physical, while almaridl can contain both physical and non- physical.
The role of Spiritual Psychology will include the development of theories of human behavior that integrate aspects of spirituality so as to be able to shape human behavior as a whole with a comprehensive perspective. The environment contains nature and human life. Interpersonal relationships that will act as spiritual outputs such as refining the sense of the spiritual soul with mutual respect, loving each other, forgiving each other, understanding each other's differences, and so on. If all dimensions of psychological well-being are fulfilled, a person is not only said to be prosperous but also said to have high spirituality. On the dimension of psychological well-being, there is an awareness of autonomy, personal growth, self- acceptance, while with spiritual people use their awareness to be able to know themselves and live in harmony in life.18
Conclusion
Islamic psychology is the study of humans, especially the problem of human personality. The essence of mental health in the perspective of Islamic psychology. Terminologically, mental health is always developing. At first, people's understanding of mental health was limited and narrow, such as only being limited to avoiding a person from mental disorders and diseases. It is impossible for a Muslim to attain a high spiritual level without practicing his religion properly. This can be explained through the three basic principles of religion (ushul ad-din) namely Islam, Iman, and Ihsan. Islam means submission to the Creator, is an early stage and is dzahir (can be seen). Next, the higher stage is faith, which is an inner attitude. By using a psycho-spiritual framework, it can help to clarify the inner dimension of man which says that the human soul is an important element to explain the concept of spiritual intelligence.
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