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E-ISSN: XXXXThe Influence Of Cut Nyak Dhien On Nationalism and Patriotism During The Aceh War (1850-1908)
1Rahmadaniati, 2Usman, 3Muhammad Dwi Kurniadi
[email protected], [email protected], 3[email protected]
1,2Universitas Samudra, Langsa-Aceh; 3Univesitas Muhammadiyah Muara Bungo
Abstract
This article explores the character of Cut Nyak Dhien's influence on the formation of nationalism and patriotism during the Aceh war (1850-1908). The method used is historical-factual and descriptive- analysis. The results of the study show that Cut Nyak Dhien's character is a tough woman, never gives up, an advisor, willing to sacrifice and generous in fighting during the Aceh war. This article concludes that the character of Cut Nyak Dhien had a big contribution to the growth of national patriotism and nationalism during the Aceh war.
Keywords: Cut Nyak Dhien, Aceh War, Aceh Nationalism, Patriotism, Aceh Hero
Abstrak
Artikel ini mengeksplorasi karakter Cut Nyak Dhien pengaruhnya terhadap pembentukan nasionalisme dan patriotisme dalam masa perang Aceh (Tahun 1850-1908). Metode yang digunakan adalah historis- faktual dan deskriptif-analisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan karakter Cut Nyak Dhien adalah perempuan tangguh, pantang menyerah, penasehat, rela berkorban, dan dermawan dalam berjuang masa perang Aceh. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa karakter Cut Nyak Dhien memiliki andil besar terhadap tumbuhnya patriotisme dan nasionalisme kebangsaan dalam masa perang Aceh.
Kata Kunci : Cut Nyak Dhien, Perang Aceh, Nasionalisme Aceh, Patriotisme, Pahlawan Aceh
A. Introduction
On March 26 1873, the Dutch declared war on Aceh via the warship Citadel van Antwerpen, which was read by the Dutch Government Commissioner, namely J. F.
Nieuwenhuijzen. Not long ago, the Aceh War broke out. On April 8, 1873 the Dutch landed their troops on Ceureumen beach, Ulee Lheue, Banda Aceh. As soon as they arrived ashore, the Dutch troops immediately came under attack from the Acehnese. Not all Acehnese troops were good at using rifles, and also because the number of weapons was not large. For this reason, some Acehnese troops used traditional weapons which were generally used in close combat such as rencong, swords, javelins, spears and klewang. Even though Aceh's weapons
Vol. 1, No. 2 (Jul-Des, 2023) DOI: 10.33059/jj.xxxx.xxxx Article processing;
Submit ; 30 June 2023 Reviewed : 03 Nov 2023 Published : 01 Des 2023
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E-ISSN: XXXXare less modern than those of the opposing party, that doesn't mean they can be defeated instantly. The Acehnese troops acted brutally because they considered their war to be a jihad in the way of Allah (Alfian, 1987: 21).
Many figures from the Aceh War became national heroes of the Republic of Indonesia, both male and female heroes. In the Aceh war, female heroes had their own position. A Dutch journalist named H.C. Zetgraaf said that Acehnese women have multiple personalities. In their family they will show tenderness to their husband and children. However, when they are on the battlefield, they can change like lions. That way there is no difference between men and women.
Cut Nyak Dhien is one of Aceh's famous heroes in his resistance against the Dutch colonial invaders. Cut Nyak Dhien was born in Lampadang, Aceh Kingdom, around 1850. Cut Nyak Dhien's father was named Nanta Muda Setia, while his mother was a descendant of a respected nobleman from the village of Lam Pageu. When she was 12 years old, Cut Nyak Dhien married Teuku Cek Ibrahim Lamnga in 1862. Her husband was the son of Uleebalang Lamnga XIII. They have one son (Daud, 2012: 170).
When Cut Nyak Dhien was 28 years old, her husband died as a result of Dutch cruelty.
Her sadness made her vow to avenge her husband's death. After the death of her husband, Cut Nyak Dhien's struggle never subsided. He continued his struggle. He was a fighter who never gave up and did not want to submit to invaders. He also does not know the word compromise, not even to make peace.
After her husband's death, an Acehnese warrior figure named Teuku Umar proposed to Cut Nyak Dhien. At first Cut Nyak Dhien rejected the proposal. However, because Teuku Umar allowed him to fight on the battlefield, Cut Nyak Dhien finally accepted his proposal. The marriage increased the morale of Aceh's struggle against the Dutch. They fought together against the Dutch colonialists at that time.
Cut Nyak Dhien was fully involved in the Aceh War after Teuku Umar died. He was involved in the gathering of Acehnese fighters, especially among Teuku Umar's followers who had previously been scattered. With the help of her late husband's right hand man, Pang Laot, Cut Nyak Dhien carried out guerrilla warfare in remote areas of Aceh. Even though the war did not involve many troops, it proved capable of shaking or at least making the Dutch worried
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Cut Nyak Dhien is one of Aceh's heroes who is very famous for his bravery throughout the country. Cut Nyak Dhien is a woman who plays a role in both politics and other fields. He proved it by his struggle to enter the front ranks to become the leader of the war against the Dutch. He was agile, tough and persistent in fighting for his homeland, nation and religion from the hands of the Dutch. Cut Nyak Dhien is one of the Acehnese female figures who participated in the war and shocked the long series of Dutch colonial wars in Aceh.
Cut Nyak Dhien's character, who never gave up and refused to submit to the invaders, made the fighting spirit of the Acehnese people increase. Cut Nyak Dhien's fighting spirit never dies, he continues to inflame the enthusiasm of his followers and convey his call to all the people of Aceh. Cut Nyak Dhien was still fighting for his beloved homeland until the end of his life. History is witness that he sacrificed his body and soul and property to uphold the independence of the nation, homeland and religion.
Based on the explanation above, researchers are interested in conducting research on the character of Cut Nyak Dhien and its influence on the formation of nationalism and patriotism during the Aceh War (1850-1908).
B. Research Methods
This type of research is qualitative research. Creswell (Noor, 2012: 34) states qualitative research as a complex picture, examining words, detailed reports from respondents' views, and conducting studies in natural situations. The approach in this research is historical.
Historical research is research that studies and explores facts and draws conclusions about past events. Researchers are required to find facts, assess and interpret the facts obtained systematically and objectively. The aim of historical research is to reconstruct the past systematically and objectively by collecting, evaluating, verifying and synthesizing evidence to obtain strong conclusions (Noor, 2012: 35).
The data in this research is library data which supports findings in the field consisting of books, previous research, and organizational documents as well as mass media clippings or the results of researchers' evaluation of sources. The data collection steps in this research are as follows :
1. Reading, namely reading and studying literature related to the research theme.
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3. Editing, namely careful examination of the data for completeness of references, meaning and significance, terms or expressions and all data records that have been collected.
C. Discussion
a. Profile of Cut Nyak Dhien
Cut Nyak Dhien has the title Cut which indicates that she is a daughter of Uleebalang (a small king appointed by the Sultan of Aceh to lead the region based on a letter of appointment affixed with Sarakata Cap Sikureueng). Cut Nyak Dhien was born in 1850 in Lam Padang, Aceh Besar. He is the son of Uleebalang VI Mukim, Teuku Nanta Setia. Nanta Setia is the son of Teuku Nan Ranceh (Daud, 2012: 170).
Cut Nyak Dhien is related to the Minang ethnic group in West Sumatra. Because, Cut Nyak Dhien's ancestor came from there, whose name was Makhudum Sati. However, there are also those who say his name is Mahmud Sati. He migrated from Minangkabau to Aceh, during the time of the Sultan of Aceh, Jamal ul Alam Badrul Munir (1703-1726). Sati's son (Nan Ranceh), once served the Sultan of Aceh by thwarting the attempt of a Commander of Sagoe (sagi) who wanted to overthrow the Sultan. The title Teuku was given to Nan Ranceh. So he became Teuku Nan Ranceh. From Teuku Nan Ranceh, two sons were born, namely Teuku Nanta Setia (Cut Nyak Dhien's father) and Teuku Ahmad Mahmud (Teuku Umar's father). This relationship shows that Cut Nyak Dhien and Teuku Umar were cousins, who later married after Cut Nyak Dhien's first husband, Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga, died while fighting with the Dutch (Daud, 2012: 171).
Cut Nyak Dhien's mother was the daughter of Uleebalang Lam Pageu, Peukan Bada Aceh Besar. His mother was a respected nobleman from Lam Pageu village. Because of his wife, Nanta Muda Setia became increasingly famous and respected by the people of VI Mukim.
When the people of VI Mukim under Uleebalang Nanta were diligently developing their area, Sultan Alaidin Muhammad Syah died. That's when Cut Nyak Dhien was born. And at the same time, the VI Mukim region fell into Nanta's hands in full (Daud, 2012: 171).
In his childhood, Cut Nyak Dhien was a beautiful child. He received education in the field of religion from his parents and religious teachers. Cut Nyak Dhien grew up to be a
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However, of the many applications, the one that was accepted was Teuku Cik Ibrahim Lamnga's application. In 1862 or at the age of 12, Cut Nyak Dhien married Teuku Ibrahim Lamnga. A son of Uleebalang Lamnga XIII Aceh Besar. They were blessed with a son. Her husband also died in the Aceh War
Two years after her husband left, Cut Nyak Dhien was proposed to by a fighter from Aceh named Teuku Umar. Initially, Dhien rejected this proposal. His desire to destroy the invaders was greater than love. But because Teuku Umar allowed him to join the war, the proposal was finally accepted. These two couples later became famous as the death couple for the invaders. They were a pair of fighters from Tanah Rencong in the struggle against the invaders in the way of Allah, the Fisabilillah war (Ibrahim, 2001: 12).
However, not long afterward, her second husband died in the war against Dutch troops a. Cut Nyak Dhien's character
After the death of her two husbands, Cut Nyak Dien was in a touching situation. Indeed, her husbands had died as martyrs and were considered the flowers of the nation. However, if we talk in terms of humanity, the sadness caused by the loss of loved ones is certainly very painful. For some time Cut Nyak Dhien mourned himself and tried to be strong.
After a difficult period of freeing himself from sadness, Cut Nyak Dhien tried to build a new life. Now the road to becoming an Acehnese fighter stretches wide. If previously he could only give advice, donate property and observe the development of the war from afar, then this was the right time to start his resistance. He imagined he would become a warrior who spent time on the battlefield, facing the Dutch people.
Mohammad Said quoted information mentioned by a journalist from Aceh magazine which stated that the Acehnese were a nation that was different from other nations in terms of their spirit to fight against foreign rule. It was not easy to subdue the Acehnese even though they had committed many murders against them. Nothing could match the stubbornness and fanaticism of the Acehnese fighters on the islands occupied by the Dutch. They are a steadfast nation, with extraordinary determination, preferring death rather than submitting to their opponents, even though their hopes of survival are very slim (Wahid, 2018: 60).
Cut Nyak Dhien scheduled a meeting with Pang Laot, her late husband's friend and right-hand man. To him Cut Nyak Dhien expressed his desire to continue Teuku Umar's
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Pang Laot suggested that troops who would later participate should first be trained in their courage and war skills. This idea was immediately approved by Cut Nyak Dhien (Ibrahim: 87).
When the troops were ready, Cut Nyak Dhien did not immediately open the attack as Teuku Umar had previously done. He chose to fight in the interior using guerilla tactics. He realized that Aceh's war was gradually turning towards the Dutch. Of course, it would be an inappropriate step to attack directly on the opponent's camp.
Guerrilla tactics which emphasized movement in deserted locations were very difficult for Cut Nyak Dhien's troops. They began to have difficulty getting food supplies. On the roads they pass, they rarely meet farmers who sell their garden produce and then process it into food.
The large number of Dutch patrols going in and out of the villages made the Acehnese people afraid to return to cultivating their rice fields and fields. Cut Nyak Dhien and his troops no longer thought about the clothes they were wearing, what they had in mind was to keep moving (Ibrahim: 87).
Even though Cut Nyak Dhien had never participated in a battlefield directly, let alone faced the ferocity of the Aceh forest. However, among his troops, Cut Nyak Dhien was able to show leadership that was respected by his followers. This of course cannot be separated from his status as aristocrat plus the great name of his father and husband who have dedicated themselves to defending Aceh from invaders. However, Cut Nyak Dhien's name as an important figure in the Aceh war was not solely because of the people he loved, but because of his own role in fostering continued resistance against the Dutch.
In the midst of his adventure into the forest, Cut Nyak Dhien taught his followers to utilize natural resources as food and medicine. He introduced various fruits, roots and leaves that could be used when their need for food and medicine ran low. Even though things were getting difficult, there was no fatigue, let alone the thoughts of Cut Nyak Dhien's followers to give up. They really depended on Cut Nyak Dhien to fight against the Dutch together.
A Dutch journalist who had followed the Aceh war said that it was difficult to digest the personalities of Acehnese women. When on the battlefield they will appear brave. His face radiated deep hatred for the Dutch troops. In fact, this kind of attitude is born from a feeling of refusing to submit so that there is no other way to appear offensive. The courage of Acehnese
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Cut Nyak Dhien's troops consisted of skilled melee weapon users. Apart from using rencong, they also use klewang. Cut Nyak Dhien tries to combine defense and attack in a balanced manner. The troops are not large, but have advantages in hiding and moving quickly.
This is because they are used to living in natural conditions dominated by jungle.
Cut Nyak Dhien will place his troops at adjacent points on the route used by the Dutch patrol. As soon as the Dutch troops crossed the road, Cut Nyak Dhien's troops would suddenly intercept them and attack them with fast movements. They will wave their weapons or thrust into the opponent's body. The enemy did not have enough time to counterattack, because Cut Nyak Dhien's troops were moving so quickly. After attacking, Cut Nyak Dhien's troops would dash into the forest bushes and immediately run deeper inside. The Dutch shots did not reach their bodies.
Apart from that, Cut Nyak Dhien also occasionally ordered troops to spread out within a certain area. Their task was to kill Dutch troops who were separated from their group. They are excellent information seekers so they can quickly obtain information about opposing troops.
The method of war carried out by Cut Nyak Dhien above did not drastically reduce the population of the Dutch troops. However, the results of this attack could affect the mentality and focus of the Dutch troops. They thought the Acehnese troops were large in number and spread everywhere. Even though it was the same Aceh troops who carried out the attack. They only rely on local geographical knowledge. Dutch troops would think that the Aceh war was not completely over. Murder after mysterious murder carried out by Acehnese troops made the Dutch patrol increasingly worried and afraid in carrying out their duties.
One day, Cut Nyak Dhien tried a new way to expand his influence in Meulaboh. He could not continue to avoid continuous Dutch attacks. He also created a communication network with the Meulaboh rulers from the lowest to the highest ranks. Cut Nyak Dhien did not get tired of inviting them to rise together against the Dutch. Through remote places such as in the forest, Cut Nyak Dhien continues to call on the people of Aceh not to give up hope.
Through information networks to a number of Aceh war figures and to the public, he emphasized that the Aceh war was not over. He also called on the youth to unite and join forces in the spirit of fighting the invaders. This call increased people's sympathy for Cut Nyak Dhien.
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E-ISSN: XXXXThey seemed to have a handle on life, that deep in the jungle there was still an Acehnese war queen who was aggressively terrorizing the Dutch position. The people of Aceh will always believe that Cut Nyak Dhien will come to save them (Muhctaruddin: 92).
Cut Nyak Dhien and his followers could not stay in one area for long. They have to keep moving and moving around so that the enemy gets further away from them. Usually, Cut Nyak Dhien will build emergency tents in locations that are difficult for ordinary people to reach. The huts built by Cut Nyak Dhien's followers were only made from wood and dry leaves.
During the day they avoided using fire, because the burning smoke could be used as a clue that the Dutch were approaching the location suspected of being occupied by Cut Nyak Dhien. The road to their hut was deliberately made in the opposite direction to the original route, so that the Dutch agents assigned to look for traces would have difficulty detecting the location of Cut Nyak Dhien. Entering October 1901, Cut Nyak Dhien decided to move inland towards the Gayo highlands. This place was chosen so that they would be further away from Dutch patrols.
The further Cut Nyak Dhien is from the reach of the people of Aceh in general, the more miserable their lives become. He didn't worry about the shortcomings he experienced.
Cut Nyak Dhien's aging physical condition made Pang Laot feel even more sorry for him.
Especially when he found out that Cut Nyak Dhien's eyes were no longer able to see properly.
Pang Laot also felt that it was his mistake if he continued to allow bad conditions to happen to his leader.
One time in 1904, Pang Laot made up his mind to inform the Dutch about Cut Nyak Dhien's position. He could no longer bear to see the physical suffering experienced by Teuku Umar's wife. After excusing himself from Cut Nyak Dhien, he rushed to the resting place for the Dutch patrol which was then led by Van Vuuren. When Pang Laot arrived, almost all members of the Dutch troops prepared to attack the Aceh war commander. However, Pang Laot swiftly asked for time to talk to Van Vuuren about Cut Nyak Dhien.
Van Vuuren understood that what Pang Laot was talking about were the final seconds of Cut Nyak Dhien's resistance. Pang Laot asked the Dutch commander to treat Cut Nyak Dhien well and promised to take care of Cut Nyak Dhien once he arrived in Kota Raja. Van Vuuren listened carefully to Pang Laot's request. Then he asked the troops to prepare to go to Cut Nyak Dhien's hideout. Van Vuuren himself led this patrol with Pang Laot as the guide.
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E-ISSN: XXXXAs soon as he arrived at Cut Nyak Dhien's place, Pang Laot asked Cut Nyak Dhien to surrender himself to the Dutch with gentle words. How angry Cut Nyak Dhien was to know that Pang Laot had betrayed him. Cut Nyak Dhien vowed not to back down even for an inch.
He hurled insults at Pang Laot who had dared to show the Dutch the way. Immediately Cut Nyak Dhien and his other followers were immediately taken prisoner by Dutch troops.
Van Vuuren was very impressed with Cut Nyak Dhien's determination to make money.
It is very rare to find in the Netherlands women who dedicate themselves to the war. As a leader, Cut Nyak Dhien was willing to suffer, even suffering from illness, so that the fight against the enemy would continue. Van Vuuren gave high appreciation to Cut Nyak Dhien. He also held a tribute ceremony for Cut Nyak Dhien (Ibrahim: 97).
Van Vuuren kept Pang Laot's promise. As soon as he arrived in Kota Raja, Cut Nyak Dhien was immediately rushed to the hospital to treat his illness, including his eyes. The Dutch government sentenced Cut Nyak Dhien to exile. During his detention in Aceh, Cut Nyak Dhien was able to increase the spirit of resistance of the Acehnese people and was still in contact with Acehnese fighters who had not been captured. Suspicious guests still often came to visit him, which made the Dutch suspicious. So Cut Nyak Dhien was exiled to Sumedang. This was done to reduce the influence of Cut Nyak Dhien on the struggle of the Acehnese people which is still continuing to flare up in several areas. Cut Nyak Dhien was transported by ship to Batavia and then placed in Sumedang, West Java, while his son Cut Gambang managed to escape into the forest and continued his father and mother's struggle against the Dutch.
In Sumedang, not many people know who Cut Nyak Dhien really is. He never changed his very shabby clothes. Only the clothes were attached to his body. His days were always filled with dhikr and his hands could not be separated from a rosary, as well as a clay pot. He was exiled to Sumedang along with two of his followers as Dutch political prisoners.
Among the population, Cut Nyak Dhien is better known as Mother Perbu, Mother Holy, or Mother Queen. The only parties who know Cut Nyak Dhien's identity are the Sumedang Regent's family and Kyai Sanusi's family. Cut Nyak Dhien cannot speak Sundanese. He spoke with Kyai Sanusi's family using Arabic.
Cut Nyak Dhien was placed in one of the houses belonging to a local religious figure, namely KH. Sanusi is a great cleric at the Sumedang Grand Mosque whose house is located
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As a political prisoner, Cut Nyak Dhien rarely leaves the house. He memorized many holy verses. Even though he was short-sighted, he always taught the Koran and did dhikr in a room that was not too large, in order to keep himself closer to Allah. Because of his services in teaching religious knowledge, many mothers and children sympathize with him. Cut Nyak Dhien was given food and clothing, even though he often refused these gifts.
As each day goes by, Cut Nyak Dhien's illness gets worse and he is very old. The last days of Cut Nyak Dhien were decorated with a quiet and lonely atmosphere. Far from his homeland and the people he loves. Cut Nyak Dhien finally died on November 6 1908. He was buried with honor at Mount Puyuh which is a burial complex for the Sumedang nobility.
Nationalist Values of Cut Nyak Dhien's Character 1. Love for the Motherland
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam gave birth to many female heroes who persevered in fighting against the Dutch. Cut Nyak Dhien was one of the steel-hearted women who tried to fight the Dutch troops before she was finally captured and exiled until she died. Cut Nyak Dhien inherited his warrior spirit from his father, who was a freedom fighter who did not compromise with the colonialists. He, who grew up in an atmosphere of deteriorating relations between the kingdoms of Aceh and the Netherlands, increasingly strengthened his love for his homeland.
Cut Nyak Dhien was a unique figure in the Aceh war. Since he was a teenager until Teuku Umar's death, he was never said to have participated directly in the battle against the Dutch. Cut Nyak Dhien is only shown as a figure who has great curiosity about the course of the Aceh war. It is possible that her father and her two husbands forbade Cut Nyak Dhien from participating in the Aceh war directly. Cut Nyak Dhien was able to manage the desire that was continuously suppressed into a dream that he believed that one day he would appear to lead the Acehnese troops.
The strengthening of Cut Nyak Dhien's figure as a leading female hero in the future was thanks to her high dedication to the world of education. In Sumedang, Cut Nyak Dhien opened a recital for the women around her house. His blind eyes at that time were not an obstacle to spreading benefits to others. Because he was not fluent in Sundanese, the language
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1. Cut Nyak Dhien's Leadership in the Aceh War
The influence that Cut Nyak Dhien highlighted in the Aceh war was indeed different from other Aceh war figures. There are three variants of struggle found in mapping the lines of struggle of the Acehnese people, namely the influence of strategy, the influence of religion, and the influence of strong women.
Cut Nyak Dien is the son of Ananta Seutia who is the leader of the VI mukim region so Cut Nyak Dien's leadership attitude was inherited from his father. Cut Nyak Dien replaced his father as the uleebalang of the VI mukim leadership to carry out politics in the Aceh struggle.
This was done by falsifying the letter of appointment of Cut Rayut (brother) so that the Dutch would not suspect him. This appointment of Cut Rayut was only a camouflage, while the leader was Cut Nyak Dien. which forced the people to provide assistance to Cut Amin which was done just for fun.
Gender barriers were not felt in the Aceh war. Both men and women have the same role in the fighting that occurred throughout Aceh. Women who lived through the Aceh war presented figures who were strong, independent, and determined to fight on the battlefield.
Women's leadership in Aceh occupies an equal position to men's leadership.
This consistent attitude or standing firm against the Dutch seems to have made the Acehnese troops feel safe under Cut Nyak Dhien's leadership. Leading troops that mostly come from men is certainly a challenge in itself for Cut Nyak Dhien. The strong figure of unyielding resistance displayed by Cut Nyak Dhien was enough to convince his soldiers to jointly attack the Dutch.
In other words, Cut Nyak Dhien's patriotism (heroic spirit) character lies in Cut Nyak Dhien's anti-colonial character and determination in fighting for his beloved Aceh region.
Uniting Troops in the Aceh War
Cut Nyak Dhien's success in gathering the Acehnese army which was scattered after the death of Teuku Umar is something worthy of attention. Of course, it was not easy to convince the Acehnese fighters to command someone who did not have sufficient capital to lead on the battlefield. In this case, Cut Nyak Dhien was lucky to first convince Pang Laot,
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This group slowly moved back through the wilderness with all the shortages, lack of food and medicine for the sick. With great difficulty, Teuku Umar's group finally reached Leupeung, this was the last journey for Teuku Umar along the backs and valleys of Bukit Barisan. With the existing forces, Teuku Umar and Cut Nyak Dien continued their struggle westward. Next, the group arrived at the Wolya area, where his grandmother, Makhdum Sati, first came to this area.
They reminisced about the glory days of Makhdum Sati, when they saw this area their hearts became safe and spacious. They were already far from the enemy's prying eyes, a good opportunity to organize forces. Thanks to the help of his very loyal wife, his fighting spirit did not weaken. Every time he had the opportunity, he always gave thoughts to encourage Umar's enthusiasm to continue to attack the enemy. That's how Cut Nyak Dien gave up her body and soul to continue the struggle beside her husband.
Teuku Umar was no less tactical, he appointed people to follow the movements and steps that the Dutch would take. News of the arrival of Van Heutsz and his troops to Meulaboh quickly reached Teuku Umar's ears, Van Heutsz's strength was not that great. Therefore, as soon as Teuku Umar prepared his troops to attack Meulaboh, he prepared an army of 800 people. Before his troops left, Teuku Umar asked Cut Nyak Dien for blessings.
Likewise, Cut Nyak Dien released her husband bringing victory, accompanied by the congratulatory prayers of Teuku Umar and his troops departing from Pasir Putih. He planned that in the evening he would attack on a large scale against the Van Heutsz fortress. Acehnese fighters only knew two words when fighting against the Dutch, namely victory or martyrdom.
It is not surprising that they dare to sacrifice all their wealth, family or life.Nilai Patriotisme Karakter Cut Nyak Dhien.
Cut Nyak Dhien's Heroic Spirit
Cut Nyak Dien's struggle aroused the amazement of foreign history experts, many books describe the greatness of this female warrior. Cut Nyak Dien, who has reigned for 6 years in the wilderness, climbs the backs and slopes of the northern part of Bukit Barisan which still survives. He tried hard to defend himself so as not to fall into the enemy's side, even though
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E-ISSN: XXXXhis physical condition was getting weaker, his strength was decreasing, myopia and gout were adding to his suffering. He was forced to be carried by his followers to continue the struggle, travel and move.
Cut Nyak Dien died in Dutch exile in Sumedang, West Java. During his life, he experienced many twists and turns in his life of struggle, sorrow and suffering in his efforts to oppose Dutch colonialism in Aceh in particular and Indonesia in general. At the end of his life, Cut Nyak Dien felt how sad it was to live as an exile, far away from the homeland he loved so much.
Even though Cut Nyak Dien has died, his name remains eternal in the hearts of the Indonesian people and is a source of pride for women. Her struggle was very valuable and raised the status of women. She devoted her energy and thoughts and her entire life for the glory of the nation, state and religion.
Cut Nyak Dien died in Dutch exile in Sumedang, West Java. During his life, he experienced many twists and turns in his life of struggle, sorrow and suffering in his efforts to oppose Dutch colonialism in Aceh in particular and Indonesia in general. At the end of his life, Cut Nyak Dien felt how sad it was to live as an exile, far away from the homeland he loved so much.
Cut Nyak Dien's struggle aroused the amazement of foreign history experts, many books describe the greatness of this female warrior. Cut Nyak Dien, who has reigned for 6 years in the wilderness, climbs the backs and slopes of the northern part of Bukit Barisan which still survives. He tried hard to defend himself so as not to fall into the enemy's side, even though his physical condition was getting weaker, his strength was decreasing, myopia and gout were adding to his suffering. He was forced to be carried by his followers to continue the struggle, travel and move.
Knightly and Brave Attitude
The struggle she undertook could be an example for women now and in the future. The death of her two husbands who she loved so much did not break her fighting spirit, but on the contrary made her even more afraid and stronger. It was difficult for the enemy to judge how big a role she played in accompanying her husband. He is famous because he played an important role and with a brave spirit he opposed the enemy.
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E-ISSN: XXXXCut Nyak Dhien's brave attitude can be seen in the war against the Dutch. There was no fear in him when he went to war even though sometimes they were in the wilderness. Even though Cut Nyak Dhien had never participated in a battlefield directly, let alone faced the ferocity of the Aceh forest. However, among his troops, Cut Nyak Dhien was able to show leadership that was respected by his followers.
Cut Nyak Dien took revenge on the Dutch by fighting in war. The union of these two knights rekindled the fighting spirit of the people. The forces that were once divided were now reunited. Guerrilla tactics which emphasized movement in deserted locations were very difficult for Cut Nyak Dhien's troops. They began to have difficulty getting food supplies. On the roads they pass, they rarely meet farmers who sell their garden produce and then process it into food. The large number of Dutch patrols going in and out of the villages made the Acehnese people afraid to return to cultivating their rice fields and fields.
Cut Nyak Dhien and his troops no longer thought about the clothes they were wearing, what they had in mind was to keep moving (Ibrahim: 87). Even though Cut Nyak Dhien had never participated in a battlefield directly, let alone faced the ferocity of the Aceh forest.
However, among his troops, Cut Nyak Dhien was able to show leadership that was respected by his followers. This of course cannot be separated from his status as aristocrat plus the great name of his father and husband who have dedicated themselves to defending Aceh from invaders. However, Cut Nyak Dhien's name as an important figure in the Aceh war was not solely because of the people he loved, but because of his own role in fostering continued resistance against the Dutch.
In the midst of his adventure into the forest, Cut Nyak Dhien taught his followers to utilize natural resources as food and medicine. He introduced various fruits, roots and leaves that could be used for them and could be utilized when their need for food and medicine ran low. Even though things were getting difficult, there was no fatigue, let alone the thoughts of Cut Nyak Dhien's followers to give up. They really depended on Cut Nyak Dhien to fight against the Dutch together.
A Dutch journalist who had followed the Aceh war said that it was difficult to digest the personalities of Acehnese women. When on the battlefield they will appear brave. His face radiated deep hatred for the Dutch troops. In fact, this kind of attitude is born from a feeling of refusing to submit so that there is no other way to appear offensive. The courage of Acehnese
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E-ISSN: XXXXwomen cannot be doubted, even defeating men. Even though they are injured, they will still attack their opponent (Wahid, 2018: 48.
Never Give Up Attitude
Cut Nyak Dhien was a unique figure in the Aceh war. Since he was a teenager, he has never been said to have participated directly in the battle against the Dutch. Cut Nyak Dhien is only shown as a figure who has great curiosity about the course of the Aceh war. The possibility of Cut Nyak Dhien joining the Aceh war directly. Cut Nyak Dhien was able to manage the desire that was continuously suppressed into a dream that he believed that one day he would appear to lead the Acehnese troops.
Cut Nyak Dien vowed that one day he would continue his struggle to destroy and expel the Dutch from the land of Aceh. He proved this oath when he accepted a proposal from Teuku Umar in 1880. Cut Nyak Dien promised to marry the first man who helped him to crush the Dutch troops.
On February 11, 1899, Teuku Umar died when his son, Teuku Umar Gambang, cried over the departure of his father. Cut Nyak Dien also said, "As Acehnese women, we must not shed tears on people who have died as martyrs." When her husband in arms died, Cut Nyak Dien Never giving up, he then got up and took over the leadership of the front guard of the Acehnese people's resistance even though his health and troops were increasingly weakening.
Not just never giving up against the Dutch. However, in his old age, he did not give up easily. Even though they are sickly and blind in their eyes, there is no word for surrender in their dictionary. The acculturation of martyrdom and Islamic culture created a synergy for the Acehnese people to continue fighting. For the people of Aceh, the Baiturahman Grand Mosque is the pride of the people. It is also a source of pride for the people, this mosque is a symbol of Aceh's struggle against western imperialism, the mosque is one of the strongholds of the people's struggle against western imperialism. Because of the tenacity of the Acehnese people to fight, the Dutch really had difficulty quelling the people's resistance.
His desire to share the religious knowledge he had was still carried out well. Even though he fought alone, his spirit never gave up and did not give up easily in doing something, Cut Nyak Dien was always optimistic, easily got up in battle, he was also patient and did not complain in facing all the trials he faced in his old age.
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E-ISSN: XXXXD. Conclusion
Based on the explanation that has been described in the discussion of this research, the conclusions that can be drawn in this research are as follows:
1. The character values possessed by the figure of Cut Nyak Dhien are love of the country, leadership spirit, uniting troops, heroic spirit, chivalry attitude, bravery, and never giving up. These characters foster a spirit of nationalism and patriotism in his followers.
2. The character of Cut Nyak Dhien was very influential in fostering a spirit of patriotism and nationalism among his followers in the war against the invaders. In the eyes of her followers, Cut Nyak Dhien was the only woman who dared to fight against the Dutch by jumping straight into the battlefield without the slightest fear. Even in his old age and in a sickly condition, he never gave up and continued to fight to defend independence.
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