View of LOW BACK PAIN IN NURSES AT MULIA HOSPITAL BOGOR

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Volume II, Number I, 2022 October 2022

E-ISSN: 2808-5361

http://e-journal.fkmumj.ac.id/ Proceeding The Second Muhammadiyah Internasional- Public Health and Medicine Conference

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LOW BACK PAIN IN NURSES AT MULIA HOSPITAL BOGOR

1Yenni, ²Dewi Purnamawati

1,2Master of Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, Muhammadiyah University Jakarta K.H Ahmad Dahlan St., Cirendeu, East Ciputat, South Tangerang, 15419

1Mulia Hospital Bogor

Raya Pajajaran St., Number 98, Bantar Jati, Bogor Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Low Back Pain is a musculoskeletal disorder that nurses experience more than other professional workers. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with symptoms of LBP in nurses at Mulia Hospital, Bogor. The method of this study is an observational quantitative analytic with a cross-sectional design. The study included 57 nurses at the Mulia Hospital with a questionnaire instrument in May-June 2022. Data were analyzed descriptively to provide an overview of LBP in nurses. The results showed that 15 respondents (26,32%) had complaints of LBP. The percentage of nurses with work positions that are not ergonomic or at risk of complaining of LBP is 22 81%, and the percentage of nurses with an ergonomic work position and complaining of LBP is 3,51%. Most complaints of LBP are from nurses with non-ergonomic work positions. It is necessary to have an ergonomic work attitude and stretching exercises to prevent LBP.

Keywords: Low back pain, nurse, hospital

INTRODUCTION

Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent cases in Neurology and Medical Rehabilitation, and approximately 80% are musculoskeletal disorders. Most patients complaining of acute low back pain will experience a relapse after recovery, and LBP complaints often interfere with activities and reduce productivity. LBP suffers a lot in the productive age, which is less than 45 years of age. LBP is a symptom that many causes can cause. The lifetime prevalence of LBP is 84%, 10-15%

of acute LBP will become chronic LBP, and about 1% of LBP will result in permanent disability (Cifu and L. 2018).

The definition of LBP is pain that is felt in the lower back area, and it can be local pain, radicular pain, or both. This pain is felt between the angles of the lower ribs to the lower buttock folds, namely in the lumbar or lumbosacral area, and is often accompanied by radiating pain to the legs and feet. (Suwondo et al., 2017) One of the musculoskeletal disorders is LBP, which is a psychological disorder and the result of incorrect mobilization. LBP can occur due to increasing age which in this condition, it can decrease light or heavy movement to improve the function of the muscles that support the spine in the back and abdomen. LBP can also occur due to wrong posture, both sitting and standing when lifting weights and others (Husna, Arifin, and Setiadi 2021).

Based on data from the International Labor Organization (ILO), in 2013, one worker in the world died every 15 seconds from a work accident, and 160 workers experienced work-related illness (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2014). According to Riskesdas data in 2013, it can be seen that the prevalence of musculoskeletal disease that occurs is 11,9% based on the diagnosis of health workers

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and 24,7%. Nurses are one of the hospital resources that have a large enough number and have a very important role in determining the quality of service in a hospital. The duties and responsibilities of nurses in carrying out nursing care include bio, psycho, socio, and cultural aspects of the patient's needs, whether total care, partial care, or self-care. One of the groups at risk for LBP are nurses, especially those on duty in the ward. Nurses have the highest incidence compared to other professional workers. Bending, twisting the waist, lifting heavy objects, and making powerful movements such as when handling and transferring patients are the biggest risk factors, 70% of incidents in nurses are when transferring or transferring patients (Ningsih 2017).

METHOD

This study is an observational quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional study, which is a study in which the independent and dependent variables are researched at the same time. This method is used to determine the description of LBP in nurses at Mulia Hospital, Bogor. The study time is from May to June 2022.

The subjects were all nurses at Mulia Hospital, Bogor. The population in this study were all nurses at the Mulia Hospital, 67 nurses. The sample is calculated based on the Slovin formula of 57 samples. Data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire from 10 statements indicating complaints of LBP symptoms. Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. The data is then analyzed descriptively.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1 shows that 26.32% of respondents experienced LBP complaints. Most of the respondents were female (84.21%), 68.42% of respondents aged 20-30 years, 64.91% of respondents had years of service < 5 years, 36.84% had an abnormal BMI (Body Mass Index), and 56.14% had a risky work position.

Table 1. Distribution Characteristics of Respondents

Variable Category N Percentage (%)

LBP complaints Yes

No

15 42

26,32 73,68

Gender Man

Female

9 48

15,79 84,21

Age 20-30

31-40 41-50 51-60

39 10 6 2

68,42 17,54 10,53 3,51 Years of service <5 years

>5 years

37 20

64,91 35,09

BMI Normal

Ab normal

36 21

63,16 36,84

Work position Risky

No risky

32 25

56,14 43,86

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Mechanical factors cause more than 85% of LBP cases. LBP in normal anatomical structures is used excessively or secondary to trauma or deformity, which causes stress or strain on muscles, tendons, and ligaments. An anatomical and functional structure, LBP can be caused by abnormalities in the vertebral column, a supporting structure for the body and head that is always involved in various postures and movements that are easily affected (Suwondo et al., 2017).

Static load on the muscles is the main cause of pain and fatigue; therefore, the work attitude's layout must be made so that the workload is minimal. A person's work attitude is influenced by physical characteristics, such as age, gender, anthropometric measurements, weight, physical fitness, joint movement ability, musculoskeletal system, visual acuity, disease history, and others. Types of task requirements include work that requires accuracy, hand strength, shift work, and rest time. Work attitudes or working conditions that are not ergonomic are at risk of causing complaints such as disorders of the musculoskeletal system. This working attitude will cause a heavy postural burden. If this postural load occurs for a long time, it will cause a postural strain, a static mechanical load for the muscles (Suwondo et al., 2017).

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Based on the Analysis result, it can be concluded in this study that there is a relationship between the work position and the frequency of LBP in nurses at Mulia Hospital, Bogor. The percentage of nurses with work positions that are not ergonomic or at risk of complaining of LBP symptoms is 22.81%, and the percentage of nurses with ergonomic work positions and complaining of LBP complaints is 3.51%. The most complaints of LBP are among nurses with non-ergonomic work positions.

Nurses are expected to maintain muscle condition by consuming foods and beverages that support muscle health, maintaining an ergonomic working attitude and position, and doing sports and muscle stretching. In daily work, one must balance according to age, especially those that require exertion and maintain a normal body mass index. Hospitals should pay attention to the work attitude of nurses, which will affect the performance of nurses, and place nurses over 40 years of age in jobs that do not have a heavy workload. It is hoped that other researchers can conduct further research on LBP by adding additional variables.

This study only assesses LBP complaints based on respondents' answers to the questionnaire, where the limitations of the study using questionnaires are that sometimes the answers given by respondents do not show the actual situation.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank the Board of Directors, Management of Mulia Bogor Hospital, who have been willing to become a research site. The authors also thank the University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta, which has supported this study.

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