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”‹ˆ—ŽƒȏͳȐǡƒ•ƒȏʹȐǡŒƒ”‹”ƒŠƒ™ƒ–‹ȏ͵Ȑ

Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹Œ•–”Ǥ‘”‰Ȁˆ‹ƒŽǦ’”‹–Ȁƒ”ʹͲʹͲȀ‘‰ǦƒŽǦ‘Ǧ—ƒŽ‹–›Ǧ’”‘˜‡‡–Ǧ˜‡•–‹‰ƒ–‹‰Ǧ ƒ…–‘”•Ǧƒ—•‹‰Ǧ‘™Ǧ‰Ž‹•ŠǦ”‘ˆ‹…‹‡…›Ǧ‘‰Ǧ†‘‡•‹ƒǦˆŽǦ–—†‡–•Ǥ’†ˆ

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ƒŒ‡†”ƒǡǤǤǡƬ—†ƒƒǡǤǤȋʹͲͳͺȌǤŠ‡ˆŽ—‡…‡‘ˆ–‡”ƒ…–‹˜‡—Ž–‹‡†‹ƒ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›–‘Šƒ…‡ …Š‹‡˜‡‡––—†‡–•‘”ƒ…–‹…‡‹ŽŽ•‹‡…Šƒ‹…ƒŽ‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›ǤJournal of Physics: Conference Seriesǡ1ȋͳȌǡͳ–͸ǤŠ––’•ǣȀȀ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳͲͺͺȀͳ͹ͶʹǦ͸ͷͻ͸Ȁͻͷ͵ȀͳȀͲͳʹͳͲͶ

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—ƒ”†‹ǡǤǡ‘ŠƒǡǤǡƬƒŠ›—†‹ƒ–‹ǡǤȋʹͲʹͲȌǤ‘‡•–Š‡–‡ƒ…Š‹‰ƒ†Ž‡ƒ”‹‰’”‘…‡••‹’”‹ƒ”›

•…Š‘‘Ž•…‘””‡•’‘†–‘–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•‘ˆ–Š‡ʹͳ•–…‡–—”›Ž‡ƒ”‹‰ǫInternational Journal of Instructionǡ13ȋ͵Ȍǡ͵ͷ͹–͵͹ͲǤŠ––’•ǣȀȀ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤʹͻ͵͵͵Ȁ‹Œ‹ǤʹͲʹͲǤͳ͵͵ʹͷƒ

Susanto, A., Oktavia, Y., Yuliani, S., Rahayu, P., Haryati, & Tegor. (2020). English lecturers’ beliefs and

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‘‰ǡ Ǥǡ”„›ǡǤǡƬƒ”ƒǦŽ‡…‹‘ǡǤȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ‡ƒ…Š‡”•‡”…‡’–‹‘‘ˆ‹”–—ƒŽ”‘ˆ‡••‹‘ƒŽ‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‹

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—ƒ”–‹ǡ ƒ”†‘‘ǡ Ƭ —’ƒ”–‹Ǥ ȋʹͲʹ͵ȌǤ Ǧ

ǤInternational Journal of Education and Researchǡ

11ȋ͹Ȍǡ͵͵–ͶʹǤ

ƒ—Žƒƒ—Šƒƒ† ‹”‹ȏͳȐǡ‹ƒ‡•˜‹–ƒ”ƒ‡•–‹—–”‹ȏʹȐǡ„†—Ž—–ƒ“‹Ž•Š‘”›ȏ͵Ȑ PERSONALITY DYNAMICS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN HUDA BARAAKAT’S BARIID AL-

LAIL

Maulana Muhammad Fikri [1], Dina Desvita Pramesti Putri [2], Abdul Muntaqim Al Anshory [3]

ȏͳȐʹͲͲ͵ͲͳͳͳͲͲͶͺ̷•–—†‡–Ǥ—‹ǦƒŽƒ‰Ǥƒ…Ǥ‹†

ȏͳȐǡȏ͵Ȑ•Žƒ‹…–ƒ–‡‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒ—ŽƒƒƒŽ‹„”ƒŠ‹ƒŽƒ‰

ȏʹȔ‡ƒ”ƒ‰–ƒ–‡‹˜‡”•‹–›ǡ†‘‡•‹ƒ

ȏͳȐǡȏ͵ȐƒŽƒ‰ǡ†‘‡•‹ƒ

ȏʹȔ‡ƒ”ƒ‰ǡ†‘‡•‹ƒ

AbstractǣŠ‹•’ƒ’‡”ƒ‹•–‘‡š’Ž‘”‡–Š‡™ƒ›Ž‹ˆ‡‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•†‡–‡”‹‡Š‘™a person’s

’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›…Šƒ‰‡•†›ƒ‹…ƒŽŽ›–Š”‘—‰Š‘—–ƒ•’ƒ‘ˆ–‹‡‹–Š‡‹”Ž‹ˆ‡–‹‡„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡

’‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡† –Š‡‘”› ’”‘’‘•‡† „› ƒ”Ž ‘‰‡”•Ǥ Š‹• –Š‡‘”› ‹• –Š‡ „ƒ•‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡

corresponding research to understand more about oneself’s actualization aspect. Š‹•

Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›•–—†›—–‹Ž‹œ‡•–Š‡…‘–‡–•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”̵••ƒ†‘—–’‘—”ƒ†ƒƒŽ›œ‡•–Š‡

’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›†›ƒ‹…•ǤŠ‡‘„Œ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‹••–—†›‹•ƒ‘˜‡Ž‡–‹–Ž‡†Bariid Al-Lail™”‹––‡„›

—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–Ǥ›—•‹‰…‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹•–‡…Š‹“—‡•ǡ–Š‡…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡††ƒ–ƒƒ”‡ƒƒŽ›œ‡†ƒ†

scrutinized through the perspective of Carl Rogers’ personǦ…‡–‡”‡†–Š‡‘”›ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‹‰•

•Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•ƒ—‹“—‡’‘”–”ƒ›ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹†‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡ„‘–Š

‹ –Š‡ ™ƒ› ‘ˆ Š‡” Ž‘‘‹‰ ƒ– –Š‡ ™‘”Ž† ˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ™‹–Š ˜ƒ”‹‘—• ‹†• ‘ˆ †›ƒ‹…• ƒ† Š‡”

‡…Šƒ‹•”‡‰ƒ”†‹‰’‘•‹–‹‘‹‰Š‡”•‡Žˆ‹–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡Ǥ‡’‹…–‡†ƒ•ƒ‘Ž†™‘ƒǡ–Š‡

ƒ‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡” •–‹ŽŽ Šƒ• –Š‡ †‡•‹”‡ –‘ …‘–‹—‡ –‘ ‰”‘™ ƒ† ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡ –Š‡ ‰‘ƒŽ ‘ˆ •‡ŽˆǦ

ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ’‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡† –Š‡‘”›ǡ the main character’s personality

†›ƒ‹…•‰‘‡•–Š”‘—‰ŠͳǤŠ‹Ž†‹•Š„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǢʹǤ–”‘‰”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘Ǣ͵Ǥ‡ŽˆǦƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡Ǣƒ†ͶǤ

‡ƒŽ‹–›…Š‡…ǤŠ‡•‡ˆ‹†‹‰•–Š—•’”‘˜‹†‡‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–ƒ‰‡†‘‡•‘–Ž‹‹–•‘‡‘‡̵•†‡•‹”‡

–‘”‡ƒ…Šƒ‘–Š‡”†”‡ƒǤ

Keywordsǣ‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–››ƒ‹…•ǡ‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†–Š‡‘”›ǡBariid Al-Lailǡ—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–

INTRODUCTION

•’‡…–• ‘ˆ ƒ ’‡”•‘̵• ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–› †‡–‡”‹‡ Š‘™ Š‡Ȁ•Š‡ •’‡†• Š‹•ȀŠ‡” †ƒ›•Ǥ ƒ ‘– „‡

•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ†’Š‡‘‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ•’‡…–•–Šƒ–ƒ‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹

•–—†›‹‰–Š‹•ƒ•’‡…–‘ˆ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›ǤŠ‡•‡ƒ•’‡…–•‰‹˜‡”‹•‡–‘˜ƒ”‹‘—•ˆ‘”•‘ˆƒ”–‹•–‹…˜ƒŽ—‡ƒ†„‡ƒ—–›

ˆ”‘–Š‡‹ƒ‰‹ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ•’‡…–‘ˆƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”ǡŠ‘™–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•ƒ—‹“—‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”–Šƒ–‹•

†‡’‹…–‡†‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”Ǥ—…Šˆ‹‰—”‡•ƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘…‘•–”—…–ƒ‘„Œ‡…–ƒ†’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ›”‡’”‡•‡–‹–•

…”‡ƒ–‘”ȋŽ„‡”–‹‡ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤ

–‹•ƒŽ•‘‡…‡••ƒ”›–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†–Šƒ––Š‡†‹”‡…–‹‘‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡ƒ†Š—ƒ‰‘ƒŽ•ƒ”‡‘–Š‹‰„—––‘

„‡ –Š‡ „‡•– ˜‡”•‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡•‡Ž˜‡• ƒ† ƒ †‡•‹”‡ ˆ‘” Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ƒ† …”‡ƒ–‹˜‡ •‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‘†ƒ›

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ƒŽŽ‘™–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ”•ƒ›‹‰̶š’‡”‹‡…‡‹•–Š‡„‡•––‡ƒ…Š‡”̶ǤŠ‹••‡–‡…‡…‘–ƒ‹•ƒ†‡‡’

ƒ†‹’‘”–ƒ–‡ƒ‹‰…‘’ƒ”‡†–‘–Š‡Ž‹ˆ‡‡š’‡”‹‡…‡‘ˆ•‘‡‘‡™Š‘Šƒ••–”—‰‰Ž‡†–‘ˆƒ…‡ƒŽŽ–Š‡

…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• ‹ ‡˜‡”› •–‡’ ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ Š‘•‡ ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡• ‡˜‡–—ƒŽŽ› •Šƒ’‡† –Š‡ –‘ „‡…‘‡ ‘”‡

̶ƒ–—”‡̶ǡ ‘” ̶–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•̶Ǥ ‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•…—••‹‘ …‘…‡’–• ˆ”‘ ƒ”Ž ‘‰‡”•̵

’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›–Š‡‘”›ǡ„‡––‡”‘™ƒ•–Š‡’‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†–Š‡‘”›Ǥ

Carl Rogers’ humanistic psychology‹•ƒ„”ƒ…Š‘ˆ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›–Šƒ–ˆ‘…—•‡•‘Š—ƒ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡

ƒ†„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ†˜‹‡™•Š—ƒ•ƒ•™Š‘Ž‡‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•ǡ ™Š‘…ƒƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œ‡–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•Ǥȋƒ…ŠƒŠƒƒǡ ʹͲͲͺȌǤ ƒ”Ž ‘‰‡”• ‹• ƒ ˆ‹‰—”‡ ™Š‘ ’—– ˆ‘”™ƒ”† Š‹• –Š‡‘”‹‡• ƒ† ‹†‡ƒ• ‹ –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ ‘ˆ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ Š‹• •…‹‡…‡ †‹•…—••‡• –Š‡ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ Š—ƒ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ǡ –Š‘—‰Š–•ǡ ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ǡ ƒ†

“

ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ —•‹‰ •›•–‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ ‡–Š‘†•ǡ ƒ† ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ  •Š‘”–ǡ –Š‡ ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ

–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›•–—†‹‡•‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ••’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›ȋŽ™‹•‘ŽǡʹͲͲͶƒȌǤ

ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•Š‹•‡Žˆ‹•ƒ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹•–ƒ†’•›…Š‘–Š‡”ƒ’‹•–™Š‘Š‡Ž’•ƒ’‡”•‘–‘…Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹”

’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›‹–‘–Š‡‘•–‹†‡ƒŽ˜‡”•‹‘ǡ–Š—•‰‹˜‹‰–Š‡‹†‡ƒ‹–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‘ˆ’•›…Š‘–Š‡”ƒ’›–Šƒ––Š‡”‡

‡‡†•–‘„‡ƒ‘’‡ƒ––‹–—†‡„‡–™‡‡…Ž‹‡–•ƒ†–Š‡”ƒ’‹•–•ǡƒ†—–—ƒŽ”‡•’‡…–‹Š‡Ž’‹‰•‘‡‘‡

‘˜‡”…‘‡–Š‡‹”’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥȋƒ–—ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•ƒ”‰—‡•–Šƒ–‡˜‡”›‘‡–‡†•–‘ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œ‡–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡ

—…‘•…‹‘—•Ž›‘”…‘•…‹‘—•Ž›Ǥ‡†‡…›–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‘‡̵•“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ƒ†‘˜‡–‘™ƒ”†ˆ—ŽŽ

…‘•–”—…–‹˜‡ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡–ȋŠ‘”‡ǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ•’‡…–•‘ˆ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›…ƒ‘–„‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‡••‡…‡

‘ˆƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”ǡ„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‹•‹•™Šƒ–ƒ‡•—•‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹‰ƒ‘˜‡Ž‡–‹–Ž‡†ليللا ديرب/^Bariid Al-LailȋŠ‡‹‰Š–ƒ‹ŽȌ™”‹––‡„›—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–ƒ•–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ

Š‡‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail™ƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†„›ƒ”ŽǦ†ƒ„‹ʹͲͳ͹ǡ™”‹––‡„›ƒ™”‹–‡”ˆ”‘‡„ƒ‘

ƒ‡†—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–Ǥ‘”‹ͳͻͷʹǡ—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–•’‡–Š‡”…Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‹‡‹”—–„‡ˆ‘”‡‘˜‹‰–‘

ƒ”‹•ǤŠ‡Šƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†͸‘˜‡Ž•ǡʹ’Žƒ›•ǡƒ„‘‘‘ˆ•Š‘”–•–‘”‹‡•ǡƒ†ƒ„‘‘‘ˆ‡‘‹”•ǤʹͲͳͻǡŠ‡”

‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail™‘–Š‡ʹͲͳͻ–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‹œ‡ˆ‘””ƒ„‹… ‹…–‹‘ȋ ȌǤŠ‡‘˜‡Ž–‡ŽŽ•–Š‡•–‘”‹‡•

‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆŽ‡––‡”•ǤŠ‡•‡Ž‡––‡”•™‡”‡–Š‡Ž‘•–„—–‡ƒ…Š‹•Ž‹‡†–‘‘‡ƒ‘–Š‡”ǡƒ†–Š‡ˆƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡

™”‹–‡”•™‡”‡™‘˜‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǤŠ‡‘˜‡Ž—•‡•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–Ǧ’‡”•‘’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’–Š‡•–‘”›ǤŠ‡

…‘’Ž‡š …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ””ƒ–‘” ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ …‡”–ƒ‹ ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ •‹†‡ –Šƒ–

‡‡†•–‘„‡”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†ǤŠ‹••–—†›—–‹Ž‹œ‡•–Š‡•‡…‘†’ƒ”–‘†–Š‡‘˜‡Ž™Š‹…Š–‡ŽŽ•‘ˆƒ‘Ž†™‘ƒ™Š‘

‹•™ƒ‹–‹‰ˆ‘”Š‡”Ž‘˜‡”™Š‘‡˜‡”…‘‡•ǤŠ‡™‘ƒ•–ƒ”–•–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘”›„›™”‹–‹‰ƒŽ‡––‡”

ƒ„‘—–ƒ‘–Š‡”Ž‡––‡”–Šƒ––Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—•™”‹–‡”†‹†‘–‰‡––‘ˆ‹‹•ŠǤŠ‹•’”‡‹•‡‹•–Š‡ŠƒŽŽƒ”‘ˆBariid Al-Lail‘˜‡Ž•ǡ’”‡•‡–‹‰”‡ƒ†‡”•™‹–Š•–‘”‹‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡–”—…ƒ–‡†„—–Šƒ˜‡•–‘”‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‘™ǤŠ‡

™‘ƒŠƒ†™”‹––‡†‘™˜ƒ”‹‘—•‹†•‘ˆ…‘’Žƒ‹–•ƒ„‘—–Š‡”•‡Žˆ™Š‡•Š‡™ƒ•›‘—‰™‹–Š–Š‡ƒǡ

•Š‡™ƒ•ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—Ž–‘™ƒ‹–ˆ‘”‡˜‡–Š‘—‰ŠŠ‡‡˜‡”…ƒ‡ǤŠ‡…‘’Ž‡šˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‡š’”‡••‡†‹–Š‡Ž‡––‡”•

’”‘˜‹†‡•‡˜‹†‡…‡‘ˆ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ†›ƒ‹…•–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡•…”—–‹‹œ‡†–Š”‘—‰Š’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›‘”Š—ƒ‹•–‹…

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›’”‘’‘•‡†–‘ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•Ǥ

Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •–—†‹‡• …‘†—…–‡† ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ •…‘’‡ ‘ˆ Š—ƒ‹•–‹… ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ ȋƒ”†ƒ‹ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲʹʹȌ provides analysis on Matt Haig’s The Midnight Library —•‹‰ –Š‡ Š—ƒ‹•–‹…

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”„”ƒŠƒƒ•Ž‘™Ǥ‘–Š‡”•–—†›„›ȋ‹œ“‹›ƒŠƬŠƒ†‹ǡʹͲʹͳȌ

—•‡†–Š‡–Š‡‘”›ˆ”‘ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•‹ƒ‘˜‡Ž‡–‹–Ž‡†Kerumunan Terakhir„››ƒ†ƒ•ƒ”‹ǤŠ‹•‘˜‡Ž

’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•–—––‡”‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡›‘—‰‡”‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘‹†‡ƒŽ‹‰™‹–Š

…Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ‰‡ǤŠ‹”†ǡȋ—‰ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹʹȌ‡šƒ‹‡†–Š‡ˆ‹Ž‡–‹–Ž‡† ”‡‡†‘”‹–‡”•

™‹–Š–Š‡Š—ƒ‹•–‹…’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ–Š‡‘”›‘ˆƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•ǡˆ‘…—•‹‰‘–Š‡…‘…‡’–‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘

…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‹ŽǤƒ‘–Š‡”’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ǡȋ‘‡ƒƬƒƒ”–Œ‡ƒŒƒǡʹͲʹʹȌ‡šƒ‹‡†–Š‡Š—ƒ‹•–‹…

ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹ ‹–‡”ˆƒ‹–Š…‘—•‡Ž‹‰Ǥ Š‹••–—†›‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ ˆ”‡‡†‘ ‹Š—ƒ Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ

™Š‹…Š—•–„‡•—’’‘”–‡†„›‡˜‡”›‘‡̵•ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••Ǥƒ•–Ž›ǡȋƒ”ƒŠƒ’ǡʹͲʹͲȌ’”‘˜‹†‡†‡˜‹†‡…‡‘–Š‡

—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ ƒ”Ž ‘‰‡”• ‹ ƒ‹‹‰ –‘ ˆ‘” ƒ Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ ‘‰‡”•̵ ˆ‹†‹‰• ’”‘˜‹†‡

‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–…Ž‹‡–•Ȁ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡‰‘‘†’‡”•‘ƒŽƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ™‡ŽŽǦ„‡‹‰ǡ„—–•‘‡–‹‡•ƒ’‡”•‘

…ƒ‘–ƒš‹‹œ‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–Šƒ–‡š‹•–•™‹–Š‹Š‹ǡƒ†•‘‡‘‡•‡‡•‘Ž›Š‹•™‡ƒ‡••‡•Ǥ

ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•‰ƒ˜‡”‹•‡–‘–Š‡‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†Š‡‘”›„ƒ•‡†‘•‘‡‘ˆŠ‹•…Ž‹‹…ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡ‹

–Šƒ–‡˜‡”›Š—ƒ„‡‹‰‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ›Šƒ•ƒ‰‘ƒŽ–‘‡‡’‘˜‹‰ǡ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡†–‘™ƒ”†•’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ†’—”‡•‡ŽˆǦ

†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† …Šƒ‰‡Ǥ ȋƒŽ‹ƒǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ Š‡•‡ ƒ••—’–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ ʹ –‡†‡…‹‡•ǣ ͳȌ –Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡

–‡†‡…›‹•–Š‡–‡†‡…›–‘™ƒ”†•ƒŽŽ–Š‹‰•ǡ„‘–Š‘”‰ƒ‹…ƒ†‘Ǧ‘”‰ƒ‹…ǡ–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ˆ”‘ƒ•‹’Ž‡

ˆ‘”‘”•–ƒ–‡–‘ƒ‘”‡…‘’Ž‡š‘‡ǢʹȌ–Š‡ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘–‡†‡…›‹•–Š‡‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡˜‡”›

Ž‹˜‹‰„‡‹‰™Š‘ƒ‹•–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒŽŽ–Š‡‹”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•Ǥ‘‰‡”•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•–Šƒ–ƒŽŽŽ‹˜‹‰–Š‹‰•—•–™ƒ––‘

†‘‘”‰‡––Š‡„‡•–ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‡š‹•–‡…‡Ǥ–‹•–Š‹••‹‰—Žƒ”—”‰‡–Šƒ–”ƒ‹•‡•ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ“—‡•–‹‘•ˆ‘”Ž‹˜‹‰

–Š‹‰• ƒ• –‘ ™Š› –Š‡› ‡‡† ˆ‘‘†ǡ ™ƒ–‡”ǡ ‘” •Š‡Ž–‡”Ǥ Š‹• ƒ•’‡…– ‹• ƒŽ•‘ •—’’‘”–‡† „› –Š‡ Ž‹˜‹‰

‡˜‹”‘‡–‘”…‡”–ƒ‹‡…‘•›•–‡•Ǥ ‘”Š—ƒ•ǡ–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‘…‹‡–›ƒ†…—Ž–—”‡‹•–‘ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œ‡–Š‡

’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡ȋ‘‡”‡‡ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ

‘‰‡”• ȋ‹ Ž™‹•‘Žǡ ʹͲͲͶ„Ȍ ’”‘’‘•‡† –Š‡ …‘…‡’– ‘ˆ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–› †›ƒ‹…•Ǥ ‘•‹–‹˜‡ ”‡‰ƒ”† ‘”

’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡‹•ƒˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘”‹–‡”ƒŽ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆƒŽŽ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ‡‡†–‘

„‡™‡ŽŽƒ……‡’–‡†ǡŽ‘˜‡†ǡƒ†”‡…‘‰‹œ‡†„›–Š‡‹”‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡…‡’–‹‘ˆ”‘ƒ‘–Š‡”™‹ŽŽ

•ƒ–‹•ˆ›–Š‡„ƒ„›ǡ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ǡ™‹–Š‘—–ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡…‡’–‹‘ǡ–Š‡„ƒ„›™‹ŽŽ„‡…‘‡ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‡†‘”•ƒ†ǤŠ‹•

ƒ––‹–—†‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”‹•…ƒŽŽ‡†—…‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡‰ƒ”†ǣ—…‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ‘˜‡ǡƒ……‡’–‹‰–Š‡„ƒ„›ǡ

“

ƒ—Žƒƒ—Šƒƒ† ‹”‹ȏͳȐǡ‹ƒ‡•˜‹–ƒ”ƒ‡•–‹—–”‹ȏʹȐǡ„†—Ž—–ƒ“‹Ž•Š‘”›ȏ͵Ȑ

ƒ…–‹˜‹–‹‡•ǡ —•‹‰ •›•–‡ƒ–‹…•ǡ ‡–Š‘†•ǡ ƒ† ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ  •Š‘”–ǡ –Š‡ ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ

–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›•–—†‹‡•‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ••’‡…‹ˆ‹…ƒŽŽ›ȋŽ™‹•‘ŽǡʹͲͲͶƒȌǤ

ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•Š‹•‡Žˆ‹•ƒ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹•–ƒ†’•›…Š‘–Š‡”ƒ’‹•–™Š‘Š‡Ž’•ƒ’‡”•‘–‘…Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‹”

’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›‹–‘–Š‡‘•–‹†‡ƒŽ˜‡”•‹‘ǡ–Š—•‰‹˜‹‰–Š‡‹†‡ƒ‹–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‘ˆ’•›…Š‘–Š‡”ƒ’›–Šƒ––Š‡”‡

‡‡†•–‘„‡ƒ‘’‡ƒ––‹–—†‡„‡–™‡‡…Ž‹‡–•ƒ†–Š‡”ƒ’‹•–•ǡƒ†—–—ƒŽ”‡•’‡…–‹Š‡Ž’‹‰•‘‡‘‡

‘˜‡”…‘‡–Š‡‹”’”‘„Ž‡•Ǥȋƒ–—ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•ƒ”‰—‡•–Šƒ–‡˜‡”›‘‡–‡†•–‘ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œ‡–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡ

—…‘•…‹‘—•Ž›‘”…‘•…‹‘—•Ž›Ǥ‡†‡…›–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹ƒ††‡˜‡Ž‘’‘‡̵•“—ƒŽ‹–‹‡•ƒ†‘˜‡–‘™ƒ”†ˆ—ŽŽ

…‘•–”—…–‹˜‡ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡–ȋŠ‘”‡ǡʹͲͲ͵ȌǤ•’‡…–•‘ˆ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›…ƒ‘–„‡•‡’ƒ”ƒ–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‡‡••‡…‡

‘ˆƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”ǡ„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‹•‹•™Šƒ–ƒ‡•—•‹–‡”‡•–‡†‹”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹‰ƒ‘˜‡Ž‡–‹–Ž‡†ليللا ديرب/^Bariid Al-LailȋŠ‡‹‰Š–ƒ‹ŽȌ™”‹––‡„›—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–ƒ•–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–‘ˆ–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ

Š‡‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail™ƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†„›ƒ”ŽǦ†ƒ„‹ʹͲͳ͹ǡ™”‹––‡„›ƒ™”‹–‡”ˆ”‘‡„ƒ‘

ƒ‡†—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–Ǥ‘”‹ͳͻͷʹǡ—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–•’‡–Š‡”…Š‹Ž†Š‘‘†‹‡‹”—–„‡ˆ‘”‡‘˜‹‰–‘

ƒ”‹•ǤŠ‡Šƒ•’—„Ž‹•Š‡†͸‘˜‡Ž•ǡʹ’Žƒ›•ǡƒ„‘‘‘ˆ•Š‘”–•–‘”‹‡•ǡƒ†ƒ„‘‘‘ˆ‡‘‹”•ǤʹͲͳͻǡŠ‡”

‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail™‘–Š‡ʹͲͳͻ–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ”‹œ‡ˆ‘””ƒ„‹… ‹…–‹‘ȋ ȌǤŠ‡‘˜‡Ž–‡ŽŽ•–Š‡•–‘”‹‡•

‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆŽ‡––‡”•ǤŠ‡•‡Ž‡––‡”•™‡”‡–Š‡Ž‘•–„—–‡ƒ…Š‹•Ž‹‡†–‘‘‡ƒ‘–Š‡”ǡƒ†–Š‡ˆƒ–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡

™”‹–‡”•™‡”‡™‘˜‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”ǤŠ‡‘˜‡Ž—•‡•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–Ǧ’‡”•‘’‘‹–‘ˆ˜‹‡™–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’–Š‡•–‘”›ǤŠ‡

…‘’Ž‡š …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹œƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ȁƒ””ƒ–‘” ’”‘˜‹†‡• ƒ …‡”–ƒ‹ ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ •‹†‡ –Šƒ–

‡‡†•–‘„‡”‡˜‡ƒŽ‡†ǤŠ‹••–—†›—–‹Ž‹œ‡•–Š‡•‡…‘†’ƒ”–‘†–Š‡‘˜‡Ž™Š‹…Š–‡ŽŽ•‘ˆƒ‘Ž†™‘ƒ™Š‘

‹•™ƒ‹–‹‰ˆ‘”Š‡”Ž‘˜‡”™Š‘‡˜‡”…‘‡•ǤŠ‡™‘ƒ•–ƒ”–•–Š‡„‡‰‹‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘”›„›™”‹–‹‰ƒŽ‡––‡”

ƒ„‘—–ƒ‘–Š‡”Ž‡––‡”–Šƒ––Š‡’”‡˜‹‘—•™”‹–‡”†‹†‘–‰‡––‘ˆ‹‹•ŠǤŠ‹•’”‡‹•‡‹•–Š‡ŠƒŽŽƒ”‘ˆBariid Al-Lail‘˜‡Ž•ǡ’”‡•‡–‹‰”‡ƒ†‡”•™‹–Š•–‘”‹‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡–”—…ƒ–‡†„—–Šƒ˜‡•–‘”‹‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‹”‘™ǤŠ‡

™‘ƒŠƒ†™”‹––‡†‘™˜ƒ”‹‘—•‹†•‘ˆ…‘’Žƒ‹–•ƒ„‘—–Š‡”•‡Žˆ™Š‡•Š‡™ƒ•›‘—‰™‹–Š–Š‡ƒǡ

•Š‡™ƒ•ˆƒ‹–Šˆ—Ž–‘™ƒ‹–ˆ‘”‡˜‡–Š‘—‰ŠŠ‡‡˜‡”…ƒ‡ǤŠ‡…‘’Ž‡šˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‡š’”‡••‡†‹–Š‡Ž‡––‡”•

’”‘˜‹†‡•‡˜‹†‡…‡‘ˆ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ†›ƒ‹…•–Šƒ–…ƒ„‡•…”—–‹‹œ‡†–Š”‘—‰Š’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›‘”Š—ƒ‹•–‹…

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›’”‘’‘•‡†–‘ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•Ǥ

Š‡”‡ Šƒ˜‡ „‡‡ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •–—†‹‡• …‘†—…–‡† ™‹–Š‹ –Š‡ •…‘’‡ ‘ˆ Š—ƒ‹•–‹… ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰›Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ ȋƒ”†ƒ‹ ‡– ƒŽǤǡ ʹͲʹʹȌ provides analysis on Matt Haig’s The Midnight Library —•‹‰ –Š‡ Š—ƒ‹•–‹…

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”„”ƒŠƒƒ•Ž‘™Ǥ‘–Š‡”•–—†›„›ȋ‹œ“‹›ƒŠƬŠƒ†‹ǡʹͲʹͳȌ

—•‡†–Š‡–Š‡‘”›ˆ”‘ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•‹ƒ‘˜‡Ž‡–‹–Ž‡†Kerumunan Terakhir„››ƒ†ƒ•ƒ”‹ǤŠ‹•‘˜‡Ž

’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ƒ„‘—––Š‡’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•–—––‡”‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡›‘—‰‡”‰‡‡”ƒ–‹‘‹†‡ƒŽ‹‰™‹–Š

…Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ‰‡ǤŠ‹”†ǡȋ—‰ƒ‡–ƒŽǤǡʹͲʹʹȌ‡šƒ‹‡†–Š‡ˆ‹Ž‡–‹–Ž‡† ”‡‡†‘”‹–‡”•

™‹–Š–Š‡Š—ƒ‹•–‹…’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ–Š‡‘”›‘ˆƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•ǡˆ‘…—•‹‰‘–Š‡…‘…‡’–‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘

…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡ˆ‹ŽǤƒ‘–Š‡”’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ǡȋ‘‡ƒƬƒƒ”–Œ‡ƒŒƒǡʹͲʹʹȌ‡šƒ‹‡†–Š‡Š—ƒ‹•–‹…

ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š‹ ‹–‡”ˆƒ‹–Š…‘—•‡Ž‹‰Ǥ Š‹••–—†›‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡† –Š‡ ‹’‘”–ƒ…‡ ‘ˆ ˆ”‡‡†‘ ‹Š—ƒŽ‹ˆ‡ǡ

™Š‹…Š—•–„‡•—’’‘”–‡†„›‡˜‡”›‘‡̵•ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••Ǥƒ•–Ž›ǡȋƒ”ƒŠƒ’ǡʹͲʹͲȌ’”‘˜‹†‡†‡˜‹†‡…‡‘–Š‡

—•‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ ƒ”Ž ‘‰‡”• ‹ ƒ‹‹‰ –‘ ˆ‘” ƒ Š‡ƒŽ–Š› ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ ‘‰‡”•̵ ˆ‹†‹‰• ’”‘˜‹†‡

‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–…Ž‹‡–•Ȁ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•™‹ŽŽŠƒ˜‡‰‘‘†’‡”•‘ƒŽƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ™‡ŽŽǦ„‡‹‰ǡ„—–•‘‡–‹‡•ƒ’‡”•‘

…ƒ‘–ƒš‹‹œ‡–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–Šƒ–‡š‹•–•™‹–Š‹Š‹ǡƒ†•‘‡‘‡•‡‡•‘Ž›Š‹•™‡ƒ‡••‡•Ǥ

ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•‰ƒ˜‡”‹•‡–‘–Š‡‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†Š‡‘”›„ƒ•‡†‘•‘‡‘ˆŠ‹•…Ž‹‹…ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡ‹

–Šƒ–‡˜‡”›Š—ƒ„‡‹‰‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ›Šƒ•ƒ‰‘ƒŽ–‘‡‡’‘˜‹‰ǡ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‡†–‘™ƒ”†•’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ†’—”‡•‡ŽˆǦ

†‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ƒ† …Šƒ‰‡Ǥ ȋƒŽ‹ƒǡ ʹͲͳͶȌǤ Š‡•‡ ƒ••—’–‹‘• Šƒ˜‡ ʹ –‡†‡…‹‡•ǣ ͳȌ –Š‡ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹˜‡

–‡†‡…›‹•–Š‡–‡†‡…›–‘™ƒ”†•ƒŽŽ–Š‹‰•ǡ„‘–Š‘”‰ƒ‹…ƒ†‘Ǧ‘”‰ƒ‹…ǡ–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ˆ”‘ƒ•‹’Ž‡

ˆ‘”‘”•–ƒ–‡–‘ƒ‘”‡…‘’Ž‡š‘‡ǢʹȌ–Š‡ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘–‡†‡…›‹•–Š‡‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‡˜‡”›

Ž‹˜‹‰„‡‹‰™Š‘ƒ‹•–‘†‡˜‡Ž‘’ƒŽŽ–Š‡‹”’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ•Ǥ‘‰‡”•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•–Šƒ–ƒŽŽŽ‹˜‹‰–Š‹‰•—•–™ƒ––‘

†‘‘”‰‡––Š‡„‡•–ˆ‘”–Š‡‹”‡š‹•–‡…‡Ǥ–‹•–Š‹••‹‰—Žƒ”—”‰‡–Šƒ–”ƒ‹•‡•ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ“—‡•–‹‘•ˆ‘”Ž‹˜‹‰

–Š‹‰• ƒ• –‘ ™Š› –Š‡› ‡‡† ˆ‘‘†ǡ ™ƒ–‡”ǡ ‘” •Š‡Ž–‡”Ǥ Š‹• ƒ•’‡…– ‹• ƒŽ•‘ •—’’‘”–‡† „› –Š‡ Ž‹˜‹‰

‡˜‹”‘‡–‘”…‡”–ƒ‹‡…‘•›•–‡•Ǥ ‘”Š—ƒ•ǡ–Š‡…”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ•‘…‹‡–›ƒ†…—Ž–—”‡‹•–‘ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œ‡–Š‡

’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡ȋ‘‡”‡‡ǡʹͲͳ͹ȌǤ

‘‰‡”• ȋ‹ Ž™‹•‘Žǡ ʹͲͲͶ„Ȍ ’”‘’‘•‡† –Š‡ …‘…‡’– ‘ˆ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–› †›ƒ‹…•Ǥ ‘•‹–‹˜‡ ”‡‰ƒ”† ‘”

’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡‹•ƒˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘”‹–‡”ƒŽ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…‘ˆƒŽŽ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡƒ‡Ž›–Š‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ‡‡†–‘

„‡™‡ŽŽƒ……‡’–‡†ǡŽ‘˜‡†ǡƒ†”‡…‘‰‹œ‡†„›–Š‡‹”‡˜‹”‘‡–Ǥ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡…‡’–‹‘ˆ”‘ƒ‘–Š‡”™‹ŽŽ

•ƒ–‹•ˆ›–Š‡„ƒ„›ǡ‘–Š‡”™‹•‡ǡ™‹–Š‘—–ƒ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡…‡’–‹‘ǡ–Š‡„ƒ„›™‹ŽŽ„‡…‘‡ˆ”—•–”ƒ–‡†‘”•ƒ†ǤŠ‹•

ƒ––‹–—†‡ˆ”‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”‹•…ƒŽŽ‡†—…‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡‰ƒ”†ǣ—…‘†‹–‹‘ƒŽŽ‘˜‡ǡƒ……‡’–‹‰–Š‡„ƒ„›ǡ

ƒ—Žƒƒ—Šƒƒ† ‹”‹ȏͳȐǡ‹ƒ‡•˜‹–ƒ”ƒ‡•–‹—–”‹ȏʹȐǡ„†—Ž—–ƒ“‹Ž•Š‘”›ȏ͵Ȑ

ƒ†Š‹•„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ•ƒ™Š‘Ž‡’‡”•‘ǤŠ‡’‘•‹–‹˜‡ƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡…ƒ„‡ƒ……‡’–‡†„›–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡ–Š‡›…ƒ

‰‡–•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ˆ”‘ƒ……‡’–‹‰–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•‘””‡…‡‹˜‹‰’‘•‹–‹˜‡•‡ŽˆǦ”‡‰ƒ”†ǤŠ‹•‹…Ž—†‡•–Š‡†›ƒ‹…

’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡‡‡†•Ǥ

……‘”†‹‰–‘‘‰‡”•ȋ‹–ŠǡʹͲͳ͸Ȍǡ‡˜‡”›‘”‰ƒ‹••‡”˜‡•–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹–Š‡…‘•‹•–‡…›‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ

’‡”…‡’–‹‘ǡ ƒ† …‘‰”—‡…‡ „‡–™‡‡ •‡ŽˆǦ’‡”…‡’–‹‘ ƒ† ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡Ǥ ‘•‹•–‡…› Š‡”‡ ‡ƒ• ƒ

’‡”•‘̵•…‘’Ž‡–‡•–ƒ–‡‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ’‡”…‡’–‹‘ƒ•‘”ƒŽǤ‡ƒ™Š‹Ž‡ǡ…‘‰”—‡…‡‹•–Š‡ƒ„‹Ž‹–›–‘ƒ†Œ—•––‘

•‘‡–Š‹‰Ǥ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ†‡˜‡Ž‘’•ƒ˜ƒŽ—‡•›•–‡™Š‘•‡…‡–‡”‹••‡ŽˆǦƒ••‡••‡–ǤŠ‹••›•–‡‹…Ž—†‡•

‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰–Šƒ–…‘‡•ˆ”‘™‹–Š‹‘”‘—–•‹†‡Š‹•‡Žˆǡƒ””ƒ‰‡†‹•—…Šƒ™ƒ›ƒ•–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹–Š‡”‡ƒŽ

•‡Žˆƒ•‹–•Š‘—Ž†„‡Ǥ‘‰”—‡…‡‹†‡–ƒ‹Ž‹•–Š‡•›„‘Ž‹…”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‡”‡ƒŽ•‡Žˆȋ•—„Œ‡…–‹˜‡™‘”Ž†Ȍ

™Š‹…Š…‘–ƒ‹•–Š‡’‡”…‡’–‹‘•‘ˆ‘‡•‡Žˆƒ†‘–Š‡”•ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ–…Š–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•Ǥ

ˆ‹–†‘‡•‘–ƒ–…Š–Š‡‹–‹•…ƒŽŽ‡†‹…‘‰”—‡–ƒ†™‹ŽŽ…ƒ—•‡ƒ’‡”•‘–‘ˆ‡‡Ž–Š”‡ƒ–‡‡†ǡƒš‹‘—•ǡ

„‡Šƒ˜‡†‡ˆ‡•‹˜‡Ž›ǡ–Š‹”‹‰‹†Ž›ǡƒ†‘–…Ž‡ƒ”Ž›Ǥˆƒ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽˆ‡‡Ž•ƒ†‹•…”‡’ƒ…›„‡–™‡‡–Š‡‹””‡ƒŽ

•‡Žˆƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡŠ‡™‹ŽŽˆ‡‡Ž‹…‘‰”—‡–ǡ—ƒ„Ž‡–‘ƒ†ƒ’––Š‡•‹–—ƒ–‹‘–‘•‘‡–Š‹‰Ǥ ‘”‡šƒ’Ž‡ǡƒ

’‡”•‘™Š‘•‡‡•Š‹•‡Žˆƒ•ƒ’ƒ–‹‡–‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•ƒ‡˜‡––Šƒ–ƒ‡•Š‹Ž‘•‡Š‹•–‡’‡”Ǥ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ

™‹ŽŽ ‡…‘—–‡” …‘ˆŽ‹…– ™‹–Š‹ Š‹•‡Žˆ ™Š‹Ž‡ –”›‹‰ –‘ ƒ‹–ƒ‹ –Š‡ …‘•‹•–‡…› ‘ˆ Š‹• ”‡ƒŽ •‡ŽˆǤ

—„Œ‡…–‹˜‡Ž›ǡ’‡‘’Ž‡†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š”‡ƒŽ‹–›ˆ”‘ˆ‹…–‹‘„›Ž‘‘‹‰ƒ–•‘—”…‡•‘ˆ†ƒ–ƒ‘”‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ–Š‹•

…ƒ•‡ǡ…‘‰”—‡…‡‘”‹…‘‰”—‡…‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡Žˆƒ†–Š‡‘”‰ƒ‹•†‡–‡”‹‡•ƒ†Œ—•–‡–ƒ†‡–ƒŽ

Š‡ƒŽ–ŠǤ‘‰”—‡…‡…‘–‹—‘—•Ž›”‡“—‹”‡•‹’”‘˜‡‡–ƒ†…Šƒ‰‡‹‘‡̵•˜ƒŽ—‡•ǡƒ†Œ—•–‹‰–‘…‡”–ƒ‹

…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•ƒ†•‹–—ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‹•‹•†‘‡–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†‘–Š‡”’‡‘’Ž‡ƒ†„‡–‘Ž‡”ƒ–‘ˆ–Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”

‘ˆ‘–Š‡”•Ǥ

‘‰‡”•ȋ‡”˜‘‡ǡʹͲͳͳȌ˜‹‡™•‘”‰ƒ‹••ƒ•‘˜‹‰…‘–‹—‘—•Ž›–‘’”‘‰”‡••ƒ†•‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œ‹‰

ȋ•‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œ‹‰†”‹˜‡ȌǤŠ‹••‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘‹•ƒ’‡”•‘̵•‘–‹˜ƒ–‹‘ǡ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡‡–ǡƒ†’—”’‘•‡‹

Ž‹ˆ‡ǡ–‘„‡Š‘™Š‹•‹†‡ƒŽ•‡Žˆ‹•’‘”–”ƒ›‡†Ǥ–Š‡’”‘…‡••‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒ›‡‡†•‘ˆƒ

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǡ „—– ƒŽŽ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ”‡ •—„Œ‡…– –‘ •‡”˜‡ –Š‡ „ƒ•‹… –‡†‡…› ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‘”‰ƒ‹• –‘ ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡

ƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ

Based on the previous studies above, it seems significant to utilize Carl Rogers’ theory of

’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–›‹ƒƒŽ›œ‹‰Š—ƒ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘—–•‹†‡ƒ†‹•‹†‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›–‡š–•ǤŠ‹••–—†›–Š—•„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•–Šƒ–

by utilizing Carl Rogers’ thepry of personality, readers wiŽŽ‰ƒ‹†‡‡’‡”—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡–Š‡‘”›

application in analyzing literary texts, especially Huda Baraakat’sBariid Al-Lail. Š‹• •–—†› –Š—•

’”‘’‘•‡•–™‘‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‡•–‘‡š’Ž‘”‡–Š‡’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽƒ•’‡…–•–‘„‡‡šƒ‹‡†ƒ”‡–Š‡™‘”†•‘”‡ƒ‹‰•

…‘–ƒ‹‡†‹–Š‡•–‘”›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‹••–—†›ƒ‹•–‘†‡•…”‹„‡–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”’s•ƒ†‘—–’‘—”ƒ†

ƒƒŽ›œ‡ –Š‡ ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–› †›ƒ‹…• ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ’‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡† –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ ƒ”Ž ‘‰‡”• ‹ —†ƒ

Baraakat’s ليللاديربȀBariid Al-Lail.

METHODS

Š‹••–—†›‹•ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ”›…”‹–‹…‹•ǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒǡ‹–Š‡ˆ‘”•‘ˆ”ƒ„‹…“—‘–ƒ–‹‘•ǡƒ”‡‘„–ƒ‹‡†ƒ†–Š‡

†‡•…”‹„‡†ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›–Š‡‘”›—•‡†‹–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ–Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡•–—†›™ƒ•…‘†—…–‡†–‘

ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡‰‘ƒŽ‘ˆ†‡•…”‹„‹‰–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‘ˆƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•̵’‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”

‹–Š‡‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail„›—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒ•‘—”…‡—•‡†‹•ƒ‘˜‡Ž‡–‹–Ž‡†Bariid Al-Lail

™”‹––‡„›—†ƒƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡ„›–ƒ‹‰–Š‡•‡…‘†’ƒ”–‘ˆ–Š‡•–‘”›entitled “The Book of Isa”ǤŠ‹••–—†›

–Š‡ ‡šƒ‹‡† –Š‡ …‘–‡–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ •–‘”› ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ the main character’s

’Š‡‘‡‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ›Ȁ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡ƒƒŽ›œ‡†–Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡’‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†–Š‡‘”›

‘ˆƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•Ǥ

Š‡ †ƒ–ƒ ‘ˆ –Š‹• •–—†› ƒ”‡ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‡† Ž‹„”ƒ”› •–—†› –‡…Š‹“—‡•Ǥ ‹„”ƒ”› •–—†› –‡…Š‹“—‡• ƒ”‡

”‡Ž‡˜ƒ––‘’—•Š–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹–Š‡”‹‰Š–’ƒ–Šǡ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‰‡…‡••ƒ”›•‘—”…‡•ˆ‹”•–ƒ†–Š‡’”‘‰”‡••‹‰

–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Šȋ”ƒ•–‘™‘ǡʹͲͳͳ„ȌǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒƒƒŽ›•‹•–‡…Š‹“—‡—•‡†‹•…‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹•Ǥ‘–‡–

ƒƒŽ›•‹• ‹• ƒ ‡–Š‘† ™Š‘•‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š –‡…Š‹“—‡• ƒ”‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– „› ƒ‹‰ …‘–‡š–—ƒŽ ‹ˆ‡”‡…‡•

ȋ…‘…Ž—•‹‘•Ȍ–Šƒ–ƒƒŽ›œ‡–Š‡̶‡ƒ‹‰̶‘ˆ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‘„Œ‡…–ǤŠ‡…‘–‡–ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ‹•–‘†‡•…”‹„‡

…‘’Ž‡š ƒ† Žƒ”‰‡ ƒ‘—–• ‘ˆ †ƒ–ƒ ™Š‹Ž‡ –‡•–‹‰ Š›’‘–Š‡•‡• ƒ† „‡‹‰ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ ƒ‡ ‹ˆ‡”‡…‡•

ȋ…‘…Ž—•‹‘•Ȍˆ”‘–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š…‘†—…–‡†ȋ”ƒ•–‘™‘ǡʹͲͳͳƒȌǤ FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

The Main Character’s Sad Outpour as the evidence of the Personality Dynamics

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Š‡”‡ƒ”‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•‡šƒ’Ž‡•ƒ†“—‘–ƒ–‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail™Š‹…Š†‡•…”‹„‡Š‘™–Š‡

ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”̵•ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ƒ††›ƒ‹…•ˆ”‘–Š‡’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹†‡ƒ”‡‘™Ǥ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡‘–‡†–Šƒ–

‡˜‡”›‘‡Šƒ•–Š‡‹”˜‹‡™•‘–Š‡’Š‡‘‡ƒ‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡–Š‡›ˆƒ…‡ǤŠ‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”†‡•…”‹„‡•™Šƒ–•Š‡

•‡‡•ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•—•‹‰˜ƒ”‹‘—•‹†•‘ˆ•‡–‡…‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡“—‹–‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž––‘—†‡”•–ƒ†Ǥƒ•†‘–Š‡

Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”ǡ–Š‹••–—†›™‹ŽŽ—•‡ͷ†ƒ–ƒ‘ˆ“—‘–ƒ–‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail„›—†ƒ

ƒ”ƒƒƒ–ƒ•‡˜‹†‡…‡‹–Š‹•™‹–Š–Š‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘’”‘˜‹†‡†„›ȋŽ‹ƒǡʹͲʹʹȌǤ

ƒ–—ͳ

بي غارفلا في دعقي نم .ة يربك نّاعمو ةيييهمأ اله ينأك ضارغلأا عبتاأو نياعأ ينّأ لأإ ،هب ىيلستأ ام دجأ لا ةفرغلا هذه في ينّأ عم ثح

.ةياكح وأ نااكم يدنع اله ينأ ،اهفرعأ،اتهركاذ عجترسأ ينّأك .ضارغلأل يذلا نىعلمبا هل ةلص نع ييّدارإ لا

“All I do is pay attention to the things around me as if they have great value and meaning. I like repeating memories of those items as if I recognize them, or as if those items have a place and story in my life. ȋƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’Ǥ͵ͳȌ”

ƒ–—ͳ•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•ƒ—‹“—‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘–Š‹‰•ƒ”‘—†Š‡”ǤŠ‡‹Ǧ

†‡’–Šƒ††‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†˜‹‡™‰‹˜‡•ƒ—‹“—‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰–‘–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ǥ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡™”‹–‡”

ƒ••—‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•ƒŽ‘˜‹‰Š‡ƒ”–ƒ†ƒ–—”‡ǡ„—––Š‹•’ƒ”–’”‘˜‹†‡•‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–Š‡”

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹†‡Šƒ•‹†‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆƒ…Š‹‡˜‹‰•‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ƒ–—ʹ

،يماه وأ نيعأ ،بصلخا ليايخ ينب ةلوهسب حجرتأأ ،اذكه امئاد ناأ ،حيحص وه امو ٌمهو وه ام ينب ايرثك طلخأ .عقلولاو

.ايرثك نيييلسي ةقيقلحا في هينإ ،نيقلقي لا كلذ ينكل ،ةقيقح

“It's true, I've always been like this: I easily vacillate between wild imagination and reality, without really knowing what I'm doing. I often mix fantasy and reality, even though it doesn't bother me. I am amused.ȋƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’Ǥ͵͵Ȍ”

ƒ–— ʹ •Š‘™• ’”‘˜‹†‡• ‡˜‹†‡…‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ Šƒ• ƒ „”‘ƒ†

‹ƒ‰‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹•’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ›‡‘–‹‘ƒŽǤ•‹ˆƒ……‡’–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‹–›ƒ”‘—†Š‡”™‹–Šƒ—ƒ–—”ƒŽ

–Š‘—‰Š–’”‘…‡••Ǥ–ƒ—•‡†Š‡”Ǥ–‹•“—‹–‡„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹–•‡‡•‘††Ǥ

ƒ–—͵

روملأا يطلخ في ذإ .يسأر في ناأ اهطلخأ ينح ،ةحارص ،يسأر في روملأا طلتخ ينح حرفأ ،كل تلق امكو ،تحبصأ اذكه ةقلاع كلذل ينأ دقتعأو .رظتنأ انه ينّأ عم ،تيتأ نأ ليجتسم كينأ ديدرأ هسفن تقولا فيو ،انه يرغص قدنف في ادعوم كتيطعأ .نلاا هيلإ تلصو يذلا رمعلبا

“This is how I am now. As I told you, I like it when things get mixed up inside my head;

or to be honest, When I mix things up in my head. Between fantasy and reality, I promise you to meet at this small hotel. And at the same time, I keep convincing myself that you won't come, Even though I've been waiting for you here, I'm sure it has something to do with my age now.ȋƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’Ǥ͵͸Ȍ”

ƒ–—͵‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–ƒ–Š‡”ƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”„‡‰‹•–‘„‡—ƒ„Ž‡–‘…‘–”‘Ž‡šƒ…–Ž›

™Šƒ–Š‡”„”ƒ‹’”‘…‡••‡•™‹–Š–Š‡–Š‹‰•ƒ”‘—†Š‡”ǤŠ‡–‡†‡…›–‘‹š”‡ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†ˆƒ–ƒ•›ƒ‡•Š‡”

—ƒ„Ž‡–‘„‡‹ƒ•–ƒ‰ƒ–ƒ†•–”‘‰’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ‘–Šƒ˜‹‰„ƒ•‹……‡”–ƒ‹–›ƒ„‘—–Š‡”™ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‹‹‰Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•Š‡ƒ……‡’–‡†–Š‹•ǡ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‹‰–Šƒ––Š‹•ƒ––‡”™ƒ•‹ƒ–‡–‘Š‡””‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›‘Ž†ƒ‰‡Ǥ

ƒ–—Ͷ

ييرغتأ نلأ ،ييأر ييرغأ نلأ لاامج لي كتري لا وه ذإ ،رعذلبا نّرعشي .))دبلأا لىإ(( هيببح نّدعي لاجر عسمأ نأ نييذؤي راص ،لاثم ،ناأ ،

.))؟دبلأا لىإ(( هيبح نع ناأ تففك ول اذام .ديبئلما نجسلبا مكلحاك

“I, for example, will feel hurt when I hear a man's promise to love me forever. I was horrified because he didn't give me room to change my mind, room to clean up. It was

“

ƒ—Žƒƒ—Šƒƒ† ‹”‹ȏͳȐǡ‹ƒ‡•˜‹–ƒ”ƒ‡•–‹—–”‹ȏʹȐǡ„†—Ž—–ƒ“‹Ž•Š‘”›ȏ͵Ȑ

Š‡”‡ƒ”‡˜ƒ”‹‘—•‡šƒ’Ž‡•ƒ†“—‘–ƒ–‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail™Š‹…Š†‡•…”‹„‡Š‘™–Š‡

ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”̵•ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰•ƒ††›ƒ‹…•ˆ”‘–Š‡’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹†‡ƒ”‡‘™Ǥ–•Š‘—Ž†„‡‘–‡†–Šƒ–

‡˜‡”›‘‡Šƒ•–Š‡‹”˜‹‡™•‘–Š‡’Š‡‘‡ƒ‘ˆŽ‹ˆ‡–Š‡›ˆƒ…‡ǤŠ‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”†‡•…”‹„‡•™Šƒ–•Š‡

•‡‡•ƒ†‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•—•‹‰˜ƒ”‹‘—•‹†•‘ˆ•‡–‡…‡•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡“—‹–‡†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž––‘—†‡”•–ƒ†Ǥƒ•†‘–Š‡

Ž‹‹–ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•’ƒ’‡”ǡ–Š‹••–—†›™‹ŽŽ—•‡ͷ†ƒ–ƒ‘ˆ“—‘–ƒ–‹‘•ˆ”‘–Š‡‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail„›—†ƒ

ƒ”ƒƒƒ–ƒ•‡˜‹†‡…‡‹–Š‹•™‹–Š–Š‡–”ƒ•Žƒ–‹‘’”‘˜‹†‡†„›ȋŽ‹ƒǡʹͲʹʹȌǤ

ƒ–—ͳ

بي غارفلا في دعقي نم .ة يربك نّاعمو ةيييهمأ اله ينأك ضارغلأا عبتاأو نياعأ ينّأ لأإ ،هب ىيلستأ ام دجأ لا ةفرغلا هذه في ينّأ عم ثح

.ةياكح وأ نااكم يدنع اله ينأ ،اهفرعأ،اتهركاذ عجترسأ ينّأك .ضارغلأل يذلا نىعلمبا هل ةلص نع ييّدارإ لا

“All I do is pay attention to the things around me as if they have great value and meaning. I like repeating memories of those items as if I recognize them, or as if those items have a place and story in my life. ȋƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’Ǥ͵ͳȌ”

ƒ–—ͳ•Š‘™•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•ƒ—‹“—‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡‘–Š‹‰•ƒ”‘—†Š‡”ǤŠ‡‹Ǧ

†‡’–Šƒ††‡–ƒ‹Ž‡†˜‹‡™‰‹˜‡•ƒ—‹“—‡ˆ‡‡Ž‹‰–‘–Š‡…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Ǥ‹–‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ–Š‡™”‹–‡”

ƒ••—‡†–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•ƒŽ‘˜‹‰Š‡ƒ”–ƒ†ƒ–—”‡ǡ„—––Š‹•’ƒ”–’”‘˜‹†‡•‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ–Š‡”

’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ•‹†‡Šƒ•‹†‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆƒ…Š‹‡˜‹‰•‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ƒ–—ʹ

،يماه وأ نيعأ ،بصلخا ليايخ ينب ةلوهسب حجرتأأ ،اذكه امئاد ناأ ،حيحص وه امو ٌمهو وه ام ينب ايرثك طلخأ .عقلولاو

.ايرثك نيييلسي ةقيقلحا في هينإ ،نيقلقي لا كلذ ينكل ،ةقيقح

“It's true, I've always been like this: I easily vacillate between wild imagination and reality, without really knowing what I'm doing. I often mix fantasy and reality, even though it doesn't bother me. I am amused.ȋƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’Ǥ͵͵Ȍ”

ƒ–— ʹ •Š‘™• ’”‘˜‹†‡• ‡˜‹†‡…‡ –Šƒ– –Š‡ ƒ‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡” ˆ”‘ –Š‡ „‡‰‹‹‰ Šƒ• ƒ „”‘ƒ†

‹ƒ‰‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‹•’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ›‡‘–‹‘ƒŽǤ•‹ˆƒ……‡’–‹‰–Š‡”‡ƒŽ‹–›ƒ”‘—†Š‡”™‹–Šƒ—ƒ–—”ƒŽ

–Š‘—‰Š–’”‘…‡••Ǥ–ƒ—•‡†Š‡”Ǥ–‹•“—‹–‡„‡ƒ—–‹ˆ—Ž‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹–•‡‡•‘††Ǥ

ƒ–—͵

روملأا يطلخ في ذإ .يسأر في ناأ اهطلخأ ينح ،ةحارص ،يسأر في روملأا طلتخ ينح حرفأ ،كل تلق امكو ،تحبصأ اذكه ةقلاع كلذل ينأ دقتعأو .رظتنأ انه ينّأ عم ،تيتأ نأ ليجتسم كينأ ديدرأ هسفن تقولا فيو ،انه يرغص قدنف في ادعوم كتيطعأ .نلاا هيلإ تلصو يذلا رمعلبا

“This is how I am now. As I told you, I like it when things get mixed up inside my head;

or to be honest, When I mix things up in my head. Between fantasy and reality, I promise you to meet at this small hotel. And at the same time, I keep convincing myself that you won't come, Even though I've been waiting for you here, I'm sure it has something to do with my age now.ȋƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’Ǥ͵͸Ȍ”

ƒ–—͵‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–ƒ–Š‡”ƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”„‡‰‹•–‘„‡—ƒ„Ž‡–‘…‘–”‘Ž‡šƒ…–Ž›

™Šƒ–Š‡”„”ƒ‹’”‘…‡••‡•™‹–Š–Š‡–Š‹‰•ƒ”‘—†Š‡”ǤŠ‡–‡†‡…›–‘‹š”‡ƒŽ‹–›ƒ†ˆƒ–ƒ•›ƒ‡•Š‡”

—ƒ„Ž‡–‘„‡‹ƒ•–ƒ‰ƒ–ƒ†•–”‘‰’‘•‹–‹‘ǡ‘–Šƒ˜‹‰„ƒ•‹……‡”–ƒ‹–›ƒ„‘—–Š‡”™ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‹‹‰Ǥ

‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•Š‡ƒ……‡’–‡†–Š‹•ǡ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‹‰–Šƒ––Š‹•ƒ––‡”™ƒ•‹ƒ–‡–‘Š‡””‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›‘Ž†ƒ‰‡Ǥ

ƒ–—Ͷ

ييرغتأ نلأ ،ييأر ييرغأ نلأ لاامج لي كتري لا وه ذإ ،رعذلبا نّرعشي .))دبلأا لىإ(( هيببح نّدعي لاجر عسمأ نأ نييذؤي راص ،لاثم ،ناأ ،

.))؟دبلأا لىإ(( هيبح نع ناأ تففك ول اذام .ديبئلما نجسلبا مكلحاك

“I, for example, will feel hurt when I hear a man's promise to love me forever. I was horrified because he didn't give me room to change my mind, room to clean up. It was

ƒ—Žƒƒ—Šƒƒ† ‹”‹ȏͳȐǡ‹ƒ‡•˜‹–ƒ”ƒ‡•–‹—–”‹ȏʹȐǡ„†—Ž—–ƒ“‹Ž•Š‘”›ȏ͵Ȑ like being imprisoned for life. What if I stop loving him forever?ȋƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’Ǥ ͶͲȌ”

ƒ–—Ͷǡ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•–Š‡†‡•‹”‡ƒ†–‡†‡…›–‘̶’”‘‰”‡••̶ǡ–‘…Šƒ‰‡Š‡”•–ƒ–‡

‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š–Šƒ–•–ƒ–‡‹•’‡”ƒ‡–Ǥ‡”–Š‹‹‰ƒŽ•‘•‡‡•‡šƒ‰‰‡”ƒ–‡†™Š‹…Š…ƒ—•‡•—…Ž‡ƒ”ƒš‹‡–›

–‘Š‡”•‡ŽˆǤŠ‹••–›Ž‡‘ˆ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‹•ƒŽ•‘‹…Ž—†‡†‹–Š‡’”‘…‡••‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ƒ–—ͷ

.بتكأ هيلع ةسلاج ناأ يذلا ييسركلا ىلع وأ ،ريريسلا ىلع ،ةسلاج نوكأ نبأ ،لخدت ينح فقأ يلابأ ،تيتأ نإ ،لاتحأس .تيرظن نم افئاخو ،هتئيه في افوشكم نوكيس نم تنأ ذإ ،يرثكب كعضو نم لضفأ يعضو نوكيس

“I will think of a way - if you do come - so that I am not standing when you enter this room, perhaps sitting on the bed or chair where I am now writing. My position has to be better than yours, because it's your physique that has to be exposed, you're the one who gets nervous when I look at you.ȋƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǡʹͲͳͺǡ’ǤͶ͸Ȍ”

ƒ•–Ž›ƒ–—ͷ‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”…ƒ‡˜‡‹ƒ‰‹‡™Šƒ–•Š‡‘”•‘‡‘‡‡Ž•‡

™‹ŽŽ†‘‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹–†‘‡•̵–‡…‡••ƒ”‹Ž›Šƒ’’‡Ǥ–̵•Ž‹‡„‡‹‰–”ƒ’’‡†ƒ†–‘”‡–‡†„›Š‡”–Š‘—‰Š–•

™Š‡‹–†‘esn’–‡‡†–‘ǡˆ”‘Š‡”‡–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•…ƒƒƒŽ›œ‡Š‡”‘—–’‘—”–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡ƒ†Œ—•–‡†–‘–Š‡

’‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†–Š‡‘”›‘ˆƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•Ǥ

The Main Character’s Personality Dynamics

ƒ”Ž‘‰‡”•’—–ˆ‘”™ƒ”†ƒ’‡”•‘Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†–Š‡‘”›ƒ•ƒ”‡ˆ‡”‡…‡‹…ƒ””›‹‰‘—–’•›…Š‘ƒƒŽ›–‹…

’”‘…‡†—”‡•‘”’•›…Š‘–Š‡”ƒ’›ǤŠ‹•–Š‡‘”›…ƒŠ‡Ž’ƒ›‘‡†‡–‡”‹‡–Š‡”‹‰Š–†‹”‡…–‹‘‹–Š‡’”‘…‡••

‘ˆƒƒŽ›œ‹‰‘‡̵•…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡ‡˜‡ˆ‘”ƒˆ‹…–‹‘ƒŽ…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǤŠ‹••–—†›ˆ‘—†ͷ‡šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆ“—‘–‡•Ž‹‡

–Š‡‘‡ƒ„‘˜‡‘–Š‡’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ̶†›ƒ‹…•̶‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‡‘˜‡ŽBariid Al-Lail„›—†ƒ

ƒ”ƒƒƒ–ǤŠ‡•‡†›ƒ‹…•ƒ”‡ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–ƒ•’‡…–‹†‡–‡”‹‹‰–Š‡†‹”‡…–‹‘‘ˆƒƒŽ›•‹•‹–Š‹••–—†›Ǥ Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•ƒ—‹“—‡•‹†‡–‘†‹•…—••Ǥƒ•‡†‘–Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ǡ“TŠ‡‘‘‘ˆ•ƒ”•‡‡•

–Šƒ––Š‡‹–‡”ƒŽƒ†‡š–‡”ƒŽ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ƒ”‡‘–•‡‡ƒ•ƒ…‘‘ˆ‹‡Ž†‘ˆ

’Š‡‘‡ƒǤŠ‡‡˜‹†‡…‡‹ƒ–—͵“This is how I am now. As I told you, I like it when things get mixed up inside my head; or to be honest, When I mix things up in my head.” This saying gives the impression

–Šƒ– –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ —‹“—‡‡••Ȁ…‘’Ž‡š‹–› ‹ ‹–ǡ ‹ˆ ‘– —†‡”•–‘‘† …ƒ”‡ˆ—ŽŽ›Ǥ –Š‡” ‡˜‹†‡…‡ ˆ”‘ –Š‡

‡šƒ’Ž‡•ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”…‘…Ž—†‡•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•ˆ—ŽŽ›ƒ™ƒ”‡‘ˆŠ‡”•‡ŽˆǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡

ƒ”‡‹†‹…ƒ–‹‘•ǡ•Š‡•–‹ŽŽŠƒ•‘–”‡ƒ…Š‡†ͳͲͲΨǤŠ‹••–—†›‡’Šƒ•‹œ‡•‹–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”–Šƒ––Š‡”‡

‹• •–‹ŽŽ ƒ …Š‹Ž†‹•Š •‹†‡ –‘ Š‡”Ǥ ƒ‡Ž› ‘– „‡‹‰ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ …‘–”‘Ž Š‡” –Š‘—‰Š– ’”‘…‡•• ™Š‹…Š ‹š‡•

‹ƒ‰‹ƒ–‹‘ƒ†”‡ƒŽ‹–›ǡ–Š‡ƒ—–Š‘”–ƒ‡•–Š‹•…Š‹Ž†‹•Š’ƒ”–ƒ•–Š‡ˆ‹”•–†›ƒ‹…•Ǥ

Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡ƒŽ•‘’”‘˜‹†‡‡˜‹†‡…‡‘–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”’s ‡ŽˆǤŠ”‘—‰Š–Š‡‡Žˆǡ–Š‡ƒ‹

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•ˆ—ŽŽ›ƒ™ƒ”‡–Šƒ–•Š‡‹•ˆ‘”‡†ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•‹Š‡”Ž‹ˆ‡‘”ƒ”‘—†Š‡”Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ‘‰‡”•

†‹˜‹†‡‡Žˆ‹–‘”‡ƒŽ•‡Žˆƒ†‹†‡ƒŽ•‡Žˆǡ™Š‹…Š™‹ŽŽ„”‹‰—’ƒ„‘—–͵Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ…‘•…‹‘—•‡••ǤŠ‡ˆ‹”•–Ž‡˜‡Ž

‘ˆƒ™ƒ”‡‡••‹•–ƒ‡ˆ”‘ƒ–—͵ǣ“And at the same time, I keep convincing myself that you won't come, even though I've been waiting for you here, I'm sure it has something to do with my age now”. ƒ–—͵

’”‘˜‹†‡•‡˜‹†‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡ˆ‹”•–Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•‹‰‘”‹‰ƒ›–Š‹‰‘–Š‡”–ŠƒŠ‡”•‡ŽˆǤŠ‡ƒ‹

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‘™•Š‡”Ž‘˜‡”Šƒ•ƒŠ‹‰Š’”‘„ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‘ˆ‘–…‘‹‰ǡ„—–•Š‡‹•‹•–•‘•–ƒ›‹‰ˆ‘…—•‡†‘

™ƒ–‹‰ –‘ ”‡ƒ‹ ƒ• Š‡”•‡Žˆ ™Š‘ Šƒ• ’‡”•‘ƒŽ‹–› †›ƒ‹…•ǡ †‡•…”‹„‡† ƒ• †‡–‡”‹ƒ–‹‘ ™‹–Š‘—–

–Š‹‹‰Ǥ

Š‡•‡…‘†Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆƒ™ƒ”‡‡••‹•–ƒ‡ˆ”‘ƒ–—ʹǣ“It's true, I've always been like this: I easily vacillate between wild imagination and reality, without really knowing what I'm doing. I often mix fantasy and reality, even though it doesn't bother me. I am amusedǤ” Datum 2 ‹†‹…ƒ–‡• –Š‡ •‡…‘† Ž‡˜‡Ž ‘ˆ

ƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•…‘ˆ‘”–‹‰Š‡”•‡Žˆ™‹–ŠŠ‡”„‡Ž‹‡ˆ‹ƒ‘”‡ƒ……‡’–ƒ„Ž‡™ƒ›‘ˆ›‘—”’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ

•–ƒ–‡ǤŠ‡‡˜‹†‡…‡•Š‘™•–Šƒ–‡˜‡”›‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡ—•––‡†–‘–Š‹••‡…‘†

Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆƒ™ƒ”‡‡••ǡƒƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡‘ˆ‘‡•‡Žˆ–Šƒ–‹…”‡ƒ•‡•–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ…‘ˆ‹†‡…‡ǤŠ‹•…‡”–ƒ‹Ž›Šƒ•

ƒ ‹’ƒ…– ‘ –Š‡ ”‡ƒŽ •‡Žˆ ƒ•’‡…–ǡ –Š‡•‡ †›ƒ‹…• …ƒ „‡ †‡•…”‹„‡† ƒ• •‡ŽˆǦƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡ ƒ……‘”†‹‰ –‘

”‡ƒŽ‹–›Ǥ

“

Š‡–Š‹”†Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆƒ™ƒ”‡‡••‹•–ƒ‡ˆ”‘ƒ–—͵ǣ“I, for example, would feel hurt when I heard a man's promise to love me forever. I was horrified because he didn't give me room to change my mind, room to clean up. It was like being imprisoned for life. What if I stop loving him forever?”. ƒ–—͵‹†‹…ƒ–‡•

–Š‡–Š‹”†Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ…‘•…‹‘—•‡••ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•†‹•–‘”–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡’Š‡‘‡ƒ–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡…–Š‡”–‘’”‘–‡…–Š‡””‡ƒŽ

•‡ŽˆǤŠ‹•Šƒ’’‡•–‘–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”„‡…ƒ—•‡•Š‡™ƒ–•–‘ƒ‹–ƒ‹•‡ŽˆǦ”‡•’‡…–ƒ†Š‡”‡‰‘ǡƒ–Ž‡ƒ•–

•Š‡•–‹ŽŽ„‡Ž‹‡˜‡•–Šƒ–•Š‡ˆ‡‡Ž•̶‹’”‹•‘‡†̶™Š‡•Š‡‹•‹ƒ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘Ž‹‡‹ƒ–—͵ǤŠ‡†›ƒ‹…•‹

ƒ–—͵…ƒ„‡†‡•…”‹„‡†ƒ•ƒ–‡†‡…›–‘™‘†‡”ƒ„‘—–”‡ƒŽ‹–‹‡•–Šƒ–‹‰Š–„‡ˆƒŽŽŠ‡”Ǥ

Another part of the main characters’ personality dynamics is Šƒ˜‹‰’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡‰ƒ”†•Ǥ–Š‹•

…ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹†‹…ƒ–‡•–Šƒ–•Š‡™ƒ–•–‘‰‡–’‘•‹–‹˜‡•‡ŽˆǦ”‡‰ƒ”†ǤŠ‹•…ƒ„‡•‡‡‹ƒ–—

͵“As I told you, I like it when things get mixed up inside my head; or to be honest, When I mix things up in my head.”Š‹•‡‡†•–‘„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†‹†‡’–Š–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•ƒ……‡’–‡†–Š‹•ˆƒ…–ƒ†ƒ†‡

‹–ƒ‘—–’—–‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡‰ƒ”†ǡˆ‘ŽŽ‘™‹‰‹–•‰‘ƒŽ–‘„‡‘”‡•‡ŽˆǦƒ……‡’–‹‰ƒ†”‡ƒŽ•‡ŽˆǤ‘‰‡”••‡‡•

‡˜‡”› ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ ƒ• Šƒ˜‹‰ ‡ŽˆǦ…‘•‹•–‡…› ƒ† ‘‰”—‡…‡Ǥ ˜‡”› ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǡ ƒ• ™‡ŽŽ ƒ• –Š‡ ƒ‹

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹–Š‹••–‘”›ǡ–”›ƒ•—…Šƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡–‘”‡ƒ‹…‘•‹•–‡–™‹–Š–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ǡƒ†…‘‰”—‡…‡‹•

ƒ‡ˆˆ‘”––‘ƒ†Œ—•––‘–Šƒ–ǤŠ‡••–‘”›’”‘˜‹†‡•‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•–‹ŽŽ–”‹‡•–‘„‡Š‡”•‡Žˆ

ƒ†‡˜‡•‡‡•ƒŽ‹––Ž‡’—•Š›ǤŠ‹•„‡…‘‡•another main character’s†›ƒ‹…•ǡ–Šƒ–‹•…‘‰”—‡–Ž›

ˆ‘”…‡†‘‘–Š‡”•Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ–Š‡”‡ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘•Ž‹‰Š–‹†‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆ‹…‘‰”—‡…‡ǡ•—…Šƒ•†‡‹ƒŽˆ‘—†‹

ƒ–—Ͷǣ̶ I was horrified because he didn't give me room to change my mind, room to clean up. It was like being imprisoned for life.” The main character slightly refuses that •Š‡™‹ŽŽˆ‡‡Ž‹ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘–Šƒ–…ƒ‘–

„‡”‡ƒ…Š‡†„›Š‡”…‘–”‘ŽǤ

Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‡˜‹†‡…‡ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ ‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ Šƒ• „‡‡ ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡† „› –Š‡ ƒ‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡ

„‡…ƒ—•‡‹‡ƒ…Š‘ˆ–Š‡“—‘–‡•ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ•Š‡†‘‡•‘–Ž‹‡–‘Š‡”•‡Žˆǡ„—–‘Ž›–”‹‡•–‘†‡…‡‹˜‡–Š‡†›ƒ‹…•‹

Š‡”•‡Žˆǡ„—–‹–†‘‡•̵–ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽ‹œ‡ǤŠ‡†›ƒ‹…•‘Ž›„‡…‘‡•ƒ‹‡”…‘ˆŽ‹…–™‹–Š‹Š‡”Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ

„ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹††‹‰•ǡ –Š‡ ƒ‹ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡” Šƒ• ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡† ƒŽŽ Ͷ ƒ•’‡…–• ‘ˆ •‡ŽˆǦƒ…–—ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘ǡ ƒ‡Ž›

ƒ‹–‡ƒ…‡ǡ‡Šƒ…‡‡–ǡ’‘•‹–‹˜‡”‡‰ƒ”†ˆ‘”‘–Š‡”•ǡƒ†’‘•‹–‹˜‡•‡ŽˆǦ”‡‰ƒ”†Ǥ

Based on the findings above, based on Rogers’ personǦ…‡–‡”‡†–Š‡‘”›ǡ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”…ƒ

„‡—†‡”•–‘‘†–‘Šƒ˜‡”‡ƒ…Š‡†–Š‡•–ƒ‰‡‘ˆƒˆ—ŽŽ›ˆ—…–‹‘‹‰’‡”•‘ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•‹–ƒ†‡™‹–Š–Š‡ͷ

–”ƒ‹–•ˆ”‘–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ›ˆ—…–‹‘‹‰’‡”•‘ƒ•’‡…–•ǤŠ‹•—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰‹•„ƒ•‡†‘•‡˜‡”ƒŽˆƒ…–‘”•‘ˆƒ‰‡ǡ

‡š‹•–‡–‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ǡ‘”‰ƒ‹•‹…„‡Ž‹‡ˆǡˆ”‡‡†‘ǡƒ††‡…‹•‹‘ƒ‹‰ǤŠ‡•–‘”›”‡˜‡ƒŽ•–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‰‡‘ˆ–Š‡

ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡ™Š‹…Š‹•“—‹–‡‘Ž†ǡ‰‹˜‡•™ƒ›–‘‘’‡‡••–‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‡ǡ™Š‹…Šˆ‘”•‹–•‡Žˆƒ•‹ŽŽ—•–”ƒ–‡†

‹–Š‡†ƒ–ƒƒ„‘˜‡Ǥ‡”‡š‹•–‡–‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ǡ‘–Š‡‘–Š‡”Šƒ†ǡ’”‘˜‹†‡•Š‡”™‹–Š‡‡”‰›–‘Ž‹˜‡–‘–Š‡ˆ—ŽŽ‡•–

™‹–Š‘—–—†‡”‡•–‹ƒ–‹‰ƒ›–Š‹‰ǡƒ†‰ƒ‹‹‰Š‡”’‡”ˆ‡…–‡ŽˆǤ–Š‡‡ƒ–‹‡ǡ‘”‰ƒ‹•‹…„‡Ž‹‡ˆ‹

Š‡”•‡Žˆ†‹”‡…–•Š‡”–‘–Š‡’‘•‹–‹‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‡†‹–Š‡•–‘”›ǤŠ‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ƒŽ•‘‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•ˆ”‡‡†‘

–Šƒ–Šƒ•„‡‡ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡†‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‹–‹••Ž‹‰Š–Ž›Šƒ’‡”‡†„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•‡‡•–‘„‡‹ƒ

’‘•‹–‹‘–Šƒ–‹•–”ƒ’’‡†„›Š‡”‘™–Š‘—‰Š–•‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š•Š‡‹•’Š›•‹…ƒŽŽ›ˆ”‡‡Ǥƒ•–Ž›ǡ–Š‡ƒ•’‡…–‘ˆ

…”‡ƒ–‹˜‹–›‹•‘Ž‘‰‡”‹†‘—„–„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•ƒƒ†—Ž–ƒ†…ƒƒ‡ƒŽŽ†‡…‹•‹‘•ƒ†

–Š‘—‰Š–•–Šƒ–ƒ”‡„‘”ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ‹†•‘ˆ‡š’‡”‹‡…‡•‹Š‡”Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥ

”‘–Š‡”‡•—Ž–•ƒ††‹•…—••‹‘ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•Šƒ˜‡ˆ‘—†Ͷ’•›…Š‘Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽ†›ƒ‹…•‹–Š‡

ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹Huda Baraakat’sBariid Al-LailǤ ‹”•–ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰••Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”•–‹ŽŽ

Šƒ•…Š‹Ž†‹•Š…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…•ƒ–ƒ‘Ž†ƒ‰‡ƒ•…‘ˆ‹”‡†„›ȋŒŠ—”‹ǡʹͲͳͻȌ–Šƒ––Š‹•–”ƒ‹–‹•‘”‡…‘‘

‹‘Ž†ƒ‰‡ǡ‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š‡˜‡”•‹…‡ƒ†‘Ž‡•…‡–•ǡŠ—ƒ—•–Ž‡ƒ˜‡–Š‹•…Š‹Ž†‹•Šƒ–—”‡„‡Š‹†Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ

–Š‹•…Š‹Ž†‹•Š…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹…ƒ›ƒ”‹•‡™Š‡•‘‡‘‡‹•‰”‘™‹‰—’–‘ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡‡‘–‹‘ƒŽ‹†‡’‡†‡…‡Ǥ

‡…‘†ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰••Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”’‘••‡••‡••–”‘‰”‡•‘Ž—–‹‘ǤŠ‡ˆ‹†‹‰•’”‘˜‹†‡

‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”Šƒ•–Š‹•–”ƒ‹–„‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆŠ‡”ˆ‹”‡••™Š‡•Š‡‹•‹ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘™Š‡”‡

•Š‡•–‹ŽŽ’”‹‘”‹–‹œ‡•Š‡”•‡Žˆ”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ‘–Š‡”•ǤŠ‹•…‘ˆ‹”•ˆ‹†‹‰•„›ȋ ƒŠ”—‹•ƒǡʹͲͳͺȌ–Šƒ–Š—ƒ

‡‡†•–‘•–”‡‰–Š‡–Š‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡ƒ†•–”‡‰–Š‘ˆ•‡ŽˆǦ™‘”–Šƒ†ƒ„‹Ž‹–›Ǥ

Š‹”†ǡ–Š‡ˆ‹†‹‰••Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”’‘••‡••‡••‡ŽˆǦƒ……‡’–ƒ…‡Ǥ‡ŽˆǦŽ‘˜‡‹•ƒŽ‡˜‡Ž

™Š‡”‡‘‡…ƒƒ……‡’–ƒŽŽ–Š‡™‡ƒ‡••‡•ƒ†•–”‡‰–Š•‘ˆ‘‡•‡Žˆȋƒƒ›ƒ–‹ǡʹͲͳ͸ȌǤ–Š‹•…ƒ•‡ǡ–Š‡

ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•‹Š‡”‘Ž†ƒ‰‡ǤŠ‡ƒƒ‰‡•–‘ƒ……‡’–Š‡”•‡Žˆ‹ƒ›•‹–—ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡•‡̶†›ƒ‹…•̶…ƒ‘–

„‡–ƒ‡ˆ‘”‰”ƒ–‡†ǡ„‡…ƒ—•‡‹–‹•‘––Šƒ–‡ƒ•›–‘…”‡ƒ–‡–Š‹•’‡ƒ…‡ˆ—Ž•‹–—ƒ–‹‘‹Š‡”Ž‹ˆ‡Ǥƒ•–Ž›ǡ–Š‡

ˆ‹†‹‰••Š‘™–Šƒ––Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”—†‡”‰‘‡•”‡ƒŽ‹–›…Š‡…•Ǥ•ƒƒ†—Ž–ƒƒ†—Ž–ǡ–Š‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”

…ƒ‘–‡•…ƒ’‡ˆ”‘ƒŽŽ–Š‡ˆƒ–‡•ƒ††‡•–‹‹‡•‘ˆ™Šƒ–…ƒŠƒ’’‡‹–Š‹•Ž‹ˆ‡ǤŠ‡ƒ‹…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”†‘‡•

Šƒ˜‡ƒ–”ƒ‹––Šƒ–…ƒ„‡…‘•‹†‡”‡†ƒ‘˜‡”–Š‹‡”ǤŠ‹•–”ƒ‹–„‡…‘‡•Š‡”—‹“—‡–”ƒ‹––Šƒ–•Š‡–”‹‡•–‘