View of TEACHERS OF 21ST CENTURY: TEACHERS’ ROLES, STRATEGIES INNOVATION AND CHALLENGES

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TEACHERS OF 21

^ST

CENTURY: TEACHERS’ ROLES, STRATEGIES INNOVATION AND CHALLENGES

By

Wayan Maba¹, Ida Bagus Nyoman Mantra², Ida Ayu Made Sri Widiastuti³

1,2,3Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Email: ¹wayanmaba.unmas@gmail.com, ²bagusmantra@unmas.ac.id, ³idaayuwidia@unmas.ac.id

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history:

Received Jan 17, 2023 Revised Feb 18, 2023 Accepted Mar 28, 2023

This study employed a qualitative research method to investigate teachers' roles, innovation strategies, and challenges in the 21st-century education system. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five selected teachers based on their expertise and experience in the field. The interviews were conducted face- to-face and recorded for later analysis. The data analysis procedures involved identifying themes and patterns in the interview transcripts using a thematic analysis approach. The results revealed that teachers are crucial in shaping the 21st-century education system. The teachers used a variety of innovative strategies to engage students and promote their learning. However, teachers also faced several challenges, such as keeping up with technological advancements, addressing students' diverse backgrounds and levels of preparation, creating relevant and meaningful curricula, balancing the need for assessment with fostering a love of learning, and finding time for collaboration and professional development. The study highlighted the importance of understanding the experiences and perspectives of teachers in the 21st-century education system. The findings suggested the need for ongoing support and resources to help teachers overcome their challenges and continue innovating in their teaching practices.

Keywords:

Teachers, 21^st century, Roles, Strategies, Challenges

This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:

Wayan Maba

Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar. Jalan Kamboja 11 A Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia Email: wayanmaba.unmas@gmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION

21st-century education is an approach to learning that incorporates modern teaching strategies and technology to prepare students for the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century. The education system emphasizes critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, collaboration, communication, and digital literacy. In 21st- century education, teachers are facilitators, guiding students to discover knowledge and develop their learning paths.

This approach is focused on student-centered learning, where students are given autonomy and responsibility in their learning process (Sze Yean, 2019).

21st-century education also focuses on developing skills essential for success in the modern world. These skills include digital literacy, critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, communication, and creativity (Oral

& Erkilic, 2022). Technology is a crucial component of 21st-century education, with schools incorporating various digital tools and devices into their curriculum to enhance learning. In addition to traditional academic subjects, 21st- century education emphasizes social and emotional learning, which develops the skills and attitudes necessary to manage emotions, build relationships, and make responsible decisions. Social and emotional learning is critical for building resilience and preparing students for success in a rapidly changing world (Susanto, 2022).

The 21st century has brought significant changes to the education system, and teachers play a crucial role in preparing students for success in this rapidly changing world. The importance of teachers in the 21st-century education system cannot be overstated (Ward et al., 2021). They are the backbone of the education system, and their contributions are critical to students' success. One of the most significant contributions of teachers in the 21st- century education system is that they help students to develop the skills and knowledge necessary for success in the modern world. In the past, education was primarily focused on imparting knowledge, but in the 21st century, it is

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more about developing skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, and communication (Prasetyo et al., 2021).

Teachers play a vital role in helping students develop these skills by creating an environment conducive to learning and providing guidance and support. Another critical contribution of teachers in the 21st-century education system is that they act as mentors and role models for students (Zaragoza et al., 2021). They inspire and motivate students to reach their full potential and pursue their goals. Teachers also provide emotional and social support to students, helping them to build resilience and cope with the challenges of the modern world (Perdana et al., 2021).

Teachers in the 21st-century education system are also responsible for designing and implementing a curriculum that is relevant, engaging, and meaningful to students. They use modern teaching strategies, technology, and real-world applications to enhance learning and make it more accessible to students. Teachers are also responsible for identifying the best practices in teaching and learning and incorporating them into the curriculum to ensure that students receive the best education possible (Prachagool & Nuangchalerm, 2021).

Furthermore, teachers in the 21st-century education system play a critical role in fostering a culture of lifelong learning (Prasetyo et al., 2021). They help students to develop a love of learning and to understand the importance of continuous learning in the modern world. Teachers also encourage students to pursue higher education and develop their skills and knowledge throughout their lives. The role of teachers in the 21st-century education system is critical to the student's success. They are responsible for helping students to develop the skills and knowledge necessary for success in the modern world, acting as mentors and role models, designing and implementing a relevant curriculum, and fostering a culture of lifelong learning (Em et al., 2021). The importance of teachers in the 21st-century education system cannot be overstated, and their contributions are essential to the success of students and the education system as a whole.

The 21st century has brought significant changes to the education system, and teachers need to possess a wide range of skills to be effective in the modern classroom (Mantra et al., 2021). Teachers in the 21st-century education system must possess many skills to be effective in the contemporary classroom. They need to be proficient in digital literacy, have strong critical thinking and communication skills, be creative and innovative in their teaching methods, be able to collaborate effectively and be adaptable and flexible in their approach to teaching (Handayani &

Widiastuti, 2019). By possessing these skills, teachers can create a supportive learning environment for students and help them to develop the skills and knowledge necessary for success in the modern world. The 21st-century education system is rapidly evolving, and researchers need to continue studying this field to understand better the role of teachers, learning innovations, and challenges

In the 21st century, innovation has become essential in the education sector, and teachers must be at the forefront of these changes to ensure that students receive the best education possible (Anthony, 2019). The 21st- century education system requires teachers to be innovative and creative in their approach to teaching. By adopting new teaching strategies and technologies, teachers can create a more engaging and effective learning environment for their students. They can personalize learning, use project-based learning, flip their classrooms, incorporate gamification, facilitate global education, and use data to inform instruction. By making these innovations, teachers can help their students to develop the skills and knowledge necessary for success in the modern world (Nerantzi, 2020).

The 21st century has brought significant changes to the education system, and teachers face various challenges as they navigate this new landscape. Teachers in the 21st-century education system face multiple challenges as they navigate the changing education landscape (Moshinski et al., 2021). They must integrate technology effectively, keep students engaged, create a diverse and inclusive learning environment, prepare students for standardized tests, manage their workload, secure funding, and keep up with ongoing professional development (Jalinus, 2021). By addressing these challenges, teachers can provide their students with the best possible education and help them to develop the skills and knowledge necessary for success in the modern world.

Overcoming the challenges teachers face in the 21st-century education system requires a combination of strategies and approaches. Addressing the challenges faced by teachers in the 21st-century education system involves a variety of methods, including seeking out professional development opportunities, using technology effectively, fostering a diverse and inclusive learning environment, focusing on critical thinking and problem-solving skills, streamlining workload, securing funding, and prioritizing ongoing learning and development (Mutohhari et al., 2021). By addressing these challenges, teachers can provide their students with the best possible education and help them to develop the skills and knowledge necessary for success in the modern world (Mantra et al., 2019).

Previous studies found that the education system has undergone significant changes in the 21st century compared to past education (Widiastuti et al., 2022; Mantra et al., 2021; Maba, 2018). The 21st-century education system has become more student-centered, inclusive, collaborative, and technology-driven. There is also a greater emphasis on developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and standardized testing has become more

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prevalent. These changes reflect the shifting needs of the modern world and the need to prepare students for success in the 21st century. This study is essential to improving the education system and ensuring that teachers have the support and resources they need to provide high-quality education to students. By studying the role of teachers, learning innovations, and challenges, researchers can identify effective strategies and approaches that can improve student learning outcomes and promote lifelong learning.

2. RESEARCH METHOD

This study employed a qualitative research method to investigate the teachers' roles, strategies, innovation and challenges in 21st-century education. Five teachers were randomly selected from the total population of teachers as the participants of this study. The study may provide valuable insights into the experiences and perspectives of teachers in the 21st-century education system, which can be used to inform future teaching practices, teacher training, and policy decisions.

The data collection method for this qualitative research study on the teachers’ roles, strategies, innovation and challenges in the 21st-century education system involved semi-structured interviews with teachers. The interviews were conducted in a face-to-face setting. Semi-structured interviews were this qualitative research study's primary data collection method. The interviews provided valuable insights into the teachers' roles, strategies, innovation and challenges in the 21st-century education system.

After collecting the data through semi-structured interviews with teachers, the data were critically analyzed to establish the research findings. The data analysis procedures for this qualitative research study involved transcription, coding, categorization, interpretation, triangulation, and verification. These procedures helped to identify and analyze the themes and patterns that emerged from the data, providing valuable insights into the teachers' roles, strategies, innovation and challenges in the 21st-century education system.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of this study are briefly presented below and then followed by descriptive discussion to provide a clearer understanding related to the phenomena of teachers’ roles, innovation strategies and challenges in 21^st century education systems.

Results

The excerpts of the interviews related to the teachers’ roles, innovation strategies and challenges in 21^st century education systems are presented in the following.

“As a teacher in the 21st century, my role has expanded beyond just delivering content to students. I am a facilitator of learning who provides opportunities for students to explore and discover knowledge independently”. (Teacher 1).

“Technology is an essential tool in my teaching. I use it to enhance my student's learning experience, such as using interactive presentations, online collaboration tools, and digital media to engage them in the learning process”. (Teacher 2)

“Creating an inclusive classroom requires me to be aware of my students' diverse backgrounds, learning styles, and abilities. I provide a variety of instructional strategies, materials, and assessments that meet the needs of all learners and ensure that every student feels valued and included in the classroom community”

(Teacher 3)

“I use a variety of strategies, such as group work, discussions, and project-based learning, to encourage student engagement and participation in the classroom. I also provide opportunities for student choice and voice, allowing them to take ownership of their education and make meaningful connections to their interests and experiences” (Teacher 4)

“As a teacher, I continually seek out professional development opportunities, attend conferences, and engage in online communities to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in my subject area.

I also collaborate with my colleagues to share ideas and resources and continuously improve my teaching practice”. (Teacher 5)

The interview excerpts above are from five teachers who shared their perspectives on their roles in the 21st- century education system. They discussed various aspects of their teaching, such as incorporating technology, creating an inclusive classroom, encouraging student engagement and participation, and staying up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in their subject areas. These teachers emphasized the importance of being a facilitator of learning and providing opportunities for student exploration and discovery. They also highlighted the need to

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create an inclusive classroom environment that accommodates all learners and uses technology to enhance the learning experience. The teachers recognized the importance of staying up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in their subject areas to improve their teaching practice continuously. Overall, the interviewees provided valuable insights into their teaching practices and highlighted the critical role of teachers in the 21st- century education system.

Here are some interview excerpts for five teachers related to their strategies and innovation in 21st-century education:

"I've found that incorporating project-based learning has been a really effective strategy in engaging students and allowing them to apply their learning to real-world situations. It's been exciting to see students take ownership of their learning and come up with creative solutions to the problems presented in their projects." (Teacher 1)

"I like to incorporate gamification elements into my lessons to increase student engagement and motivation.

For example, I'll use a leaderboard to track student progress on a particular task or quiz. Students love seeing their progress and competing with their peers in a friendly way." (Teacher 2)

"In order to create a more student-centered classroom, I've been experimenting with a flipped classroom model. This allows students to learn content at their own pace outside of class and then come to class ready to apply that knowledge and engage in more collaborative activities." (Teacher 3)

"I think it's important to incorporate interdisciplinary approaches to teaching. For example, if we're studying a particular historical event, I'll also bring in literature from that time period and have students analyze how the literature reflects the cultural and societal context of the time." (Teacher 4)

"I've been experimenting with using virtual reality in my science lessons. It allows students to experience phenomena that they wouldn't be able to otherwise and really immerses them in the learning experience. It's been a great way to spark curiosity and engagement in my students." (Teacher 5).

These teachers use innovative strategies to engage students and enhance their learning experiences. They incorporate project-based learning, gamification, flipped classrooms, interdisciplinary approaches, and virtual reality.

These strategies align with the 21st-century education philosophy of student-centered learning and utilizing technology to enhance the learning experience.

Here are some interview excerpts from five teachers related to the challenges in 21st-century education:

"One of the biggest challenges I face is keeping up with the rapid pace of technological advancements. It seems like there's always a new tool or platform that I need to learn and integrate into my teaching practices, and it can be overwhelming at times." (Teacher 1)

"I find that many students come to my class with different backgrounds and levels of preparation. It's a challenge to find a balance between challenging the students who are already excelling and supporting those who are struggling to catch up." (Teacher 2)

"A major challenge for me is finding ways to make the curriculum relevant and meaningful to all students.

With so much diversity in my classroom, it can be difficult to create lessons that resonate with everyone and are applicable to their lives." (Teacher 3)

"I've noticed that there's a lot of pressure on students to perform well on standardized tests, which can detract from their overall learning experience. It's a challenge to find a way to balance the need for assessment with the desire to foster a love of learning." (Teacher 4)

"One of the challenges I face is finding time to collaborate with other teachers and stay up-to-date on best practices in education. With so much on my plate, it can be difficult to prioritize professional development and collaboration, but I know it's important for my growth as an educator." (Teacher 5)

The five teachers highlighted various challenges they face in 21st-century education. Teacher 1 talked about the challenge of keeping up with rapidly changing technology and continuously updating their skills. Teacher 2 discussed the challenge of addressing individual student needs and balancing this with the demands of a standardized curriculum. Teacher 3 mentioned the challenge of dealing with the growing diversity of student populations and finding ways to ensure all students feel included and valued. Teacher 4 spoke about the challenge of finding ways to prepare students for a rapidly changing job market. Finally, Teacher 5 highlighted the challenge of meeting the demands of an overcrowded classroom with limited resources.

Discussion

The interviews concerning the teachers” roles in 21st-century education provided valuable insights into the roles of teachers in the 21st-century education system. The teachers interviewed highlighted several essential aspects of their teaching practices, such as incorporating technology, creating an inclusive classroom, encouraging student engagement and participation, and staying up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in their subject areas.

The first teacher emphasized the importance of being a facilitator of learning and providing opportunities for student

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exploration and discovery. It aligns with the 21st-century education philosophy of shifting from a teacher-centered approach to a student-centered one (Mantra et al., 2019).

The second teacher recognized technology's importance in enhancing the learning experience and engaging students in the learning process. It is crucial in the 21st century, where technology is pervasive in all aspects of life.

The third teacher discussed the importance of creating an inclusive classroom environment accommodating all learners. It is crucial in the 21st century, where classrooms are becoming more diverse, and teachers need to meet all learners' needs. The fourth teacher emphasized the need to encourage student engagement and participation through various instructional strategies, such as group work, discussions, and project-based learning. It is essential in the 21st century, where students must develop collaboration, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. Finally, the fifth teacher recognized the importance of staying up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in their subject areas to improve their teaching practice continuously. It is crucial in the 21st century, where knowledge and information constantly evolve.

Overall, the interview provides valuable insights into teachers' teaching practices in the 21st-century education system. The teachers interviewed highlighted the importance of being a facilitator of learning, utilizing technology, creating an inclusive classroom environment, encouraging student engagement and participation, and staying up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in their subject areas. These insights can inform future teaching practices, teacher training, and policy decisions.

The interview excerpts related to the strategies innovation for 21st-century education highlight the importance of innovative teaching strategies in the 21st-century education system. These teachers actively incorporate project-based learning, gamification, flipped classrooms, interdisciplinary approaches, and virtual reality into their teaching practices. These strategies are effective in engaging students and promoting more profound learning experiences.

Teacher 1's use of project-based learning effectively promotes student ownership of their learning and applying knowledge to real-world situations. This strategy is aligned with the student-centered learning approach of the 21st-century education system. Teacher 2 uses gamification elements, such as leaderboards, effectively increases student motivation and engagement. This strategy is aligned with the help of technology and game-like approaches in the 21st-century education system. Teacher 3's use of the flipped classroom model effectively promotes student- centered learning and provides opportunities for collaborative activities. This strategy allows students to learn at their own pace, aligned with the individualized learning approach of the 21st-century education system. Teacher 4's use of interdisciplinary approaches effectively promotes a holistic understanding of topics and encourages students to analyze topics from multiple perspectives. This strategy is aligned with the multidisciplinary approach to learning in the 21st-century education system. Teacher 5's use of virtual reality in science lessons effectively provides immersive learning experiences and promotes student curiosity.

The strategy as described above is aligned with the help of technology and interactive learning approaches in the 21st-century education system (Rong & Noor, 2019). These innovative teaching strategies are aligned with the student-centered, individualized, and interdisciplinary approach of the 21st-century education system. By incorporating these strategies, these teachers promote more profound learning experiences and prepare students for success in the 21st century (Rahardjanto et al., 2019).

Based on the excerpts of the interview related to the challenges of 21st-century education, the five teachers identified the challenges in the 21st-century education system as related to technology, student diversity, curriculum relevance, standardized testing, and professional development (Kareem et al., 2022).

Teacher 1 expresses the challenge of keeping up with the rapidly evolving technology and integrating it into their teaching practices. Teacher 2 highlights the challenge of balancing the needs of students with different backgrounds and levels of preparation. Teacher 3 discusses the challenge of creating relevant and meaningful lessons for a diverse classroom. Teacher 4 identifies the pressure of standardized testing and its potential negative impact on the student's learning experience. Finally, Teacher 5 talks about the challenge of finding time to collaborate with other teachers and stay updated on the best practices in education. These challenges reflect the complex nature of teaching in the 21st-century education system, and it is essential to address them to provide the best learning experience for all students.

The five teachers interviewed discussed various challenges they face in 21st-century education. Teacher 1 spoke about the difficulty of keeping up with the rapid pace of technological advancements. Teacher 2 highlighted the challenge of balancing the needs of students at different levels of preparation. Teacher 3 talked about the challenge of creating a relevant and meaningful curriculum for all students. Teacher 4 identified the pressure on students to perform well on standardized tests as a challenge that detracts from their overall learning experience.

Finally, Teacher 5 spoke about the challenge of finding time to collaborate with other teachers and stay up-to-date on

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best practices in education. Overall, the teachers' comments point to the complexities and demands of modern education and the need for ongoing professional development to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices.

The 21st-century education system is rapidly evolving, and with it, the roles and responsibilities of teachers.

This abstract summarizes the discussion on the teachers' positions, strategies, innovation, and challenges in the 21st- century education system. Teachers play a critical role in the 21st-century education system, not only as instructors but also as mentors and facilitators. The discussion revealed that teachers need to be adaptable to the ever-changing technological advancements and be able to integrate new tools and platforms into their teaching practices. In addition, the role of the teacher is shifting from being the primary source of knowledge to being a guide and facilitator of student learning. Regarding strategies innovation, the discussion highlighted several innovative approaches to teaching that have proven effective in engaging and motivating students. Project-based learning, gamification elements, flipped classroom models, interdisciplinary approaches, and virtual reality are some of the strategies that teachers are using to enhance student learning experiences (Mantra et al., 2022).

However, the discussion also identified several challenges teachers face in the 21st-century education system. These challenges include keeping up with rapid technological advancements, accommodating students with diverse backgrounds and levels of preparation, making the curriculum relevant and meaningful to all students, balancing the need for assessment with the desire to foster a love of learning, and finding time for professional development and collaboration (Em et al., 2021). In conclusion, the 21st-century education system demands a shift in the traditional role of the teacher towards a more student-centered approach. Teachers need to be adaptable to new technologies and innovative teaching strategies while facing the challenges of accommodating diverse student needs and balancing assessment and learning. It is crucial for teachers to continually learn and grow professionally to meet the demands of the rapidly evolving 21st-century education system.

4. CONCLUSION

After analyzing the interview excerpts from teachers regarding their roles, strategies, innovations, and challenges in 21st-century education, several key themes emerged. Teachers recognize the importance of incorporating technology and innovative teaching strategies to engage students and promote critical thinking skills.

Project-based learning, gamification, flipped classrooms, interdisciplinary approaches, and virtual reality are just a few examples of the strategies teachers use to enhance their students' learning experience. However, with these innovations come challenges, including the need to keep up with rapidly evolving technology, address diverse student needs and backgrounds, make the curriculum relevant and meaningful for all students, balance assessment with a love of learning, and find time for collaboration and professional development. Overall, it is clear that teachers play a critical role in navigating the complex and ever-changing landscape of 21st-century education. By staying informed, embracing innovation, and prioritizing collaboration and professional development, educators can continue to meet the needs of their students and promote lifelong learning.

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