Tracing the Philosophy of Rationalism in the Book
"Menghilang Menemukan Jati diri" by Fahruddin Faiz
Agusman Damanik1, Agung Prayogo2, Muklis Siregar3, Raden Bagus Astaman4, Rakhmat Syawal5, Fasrah Indah6
123456
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
Corresponding Author: Agung Prayogo, E-mail: [email protected]
ARTICLE INFO Article history:
Received 27, Agustus, 2023
Revised 29, Agustus, 2023
Accepted 24, September, 2023
ABSTRACT
This article aims to explore Fahruddin Faiz's work entitled disappearing, finding one's identity, which is phenomenal, especially in relation to its philosophical content. Next, this article will explore the deep thoughts that are the driving force for change and a deeper understanding of the nature of oneself. By providing a systematic introduction to the traces of the philosophy of rationalism. This paper is a type of Library Research research with a descriptive approach. The research process began with an intensive study of the contents of the book, where every word and concept presented by Faiz was analyzed to explore an understanding of rationalism. Next, secondary data collection was carried out through searching for related literature in scientific journals, publications and trusted web sources. Data analysis uses content analysis in the stages of data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The findings provide confirmation that can connect the reality of rationalist thinking with life that is very close to us. Fahruddin Faiz in his book wants to emphasize that the activities carried out in everyday life are related to the philosophy of rationalism brought by Descartes. The substance in this book states that finding one's true self has substance that encourages humans to have an awareness of the importance of correct philosophy. By philosophizing correctly the process of finding the meaning of life will be achieved.
Keywords: Philosophy of Rationalism, Disappearing Book, Finding Your Identity, Fahruddin Faiz
How to Cite : Agusman Damanik, Agung Prayogo, Muklis Siregar, Raden Bagus Astaman, Rakhmat Syawal, Fasrah Indah.
Tracing the Philosophy of Rationalism in the Book
"Menghilang Menemukan Jati diri" by Fahruddin Faiz.
TAJDID: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman dan Kemanusiaan, 7 (2), 144-156
DOI : https://doi/org/10.52266/tadjid.v7i1.1618 Journal Homepage : https://ejournal.iainbima.as.id/index.php/tadjid This is an open acc ess article under the CC BY SA license
: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
INTRODUCTION
ationalism is a philosophical school which believes that reason is the main tool in acquiring knowledge and testing knowledge 1. As a method of achieving knowledge, rationalism thoroughly explores all aspects of knowledge, making reason the basis and main source of knowledge itself 2. However, rationalism does not deny the important role of the senses in the acquisition of knowledge. Rather, the senses are thought to be the driving force for reason, providing the stimuli and materials that enable reason to function.3 Rationalism asserts that reason is capable of producing knowledge even without direct involvement of the senses. This means that the mind has the ability to create an understanding of abstract concepts without relying on information originating from the senses. In this view, reason becomes a creative force capable of developing knowledge without complete dependence on sensory experience.
Thus, in the rationalism paradigm, reason is not only an assessor and tester of knowledge, but also a source of creativity capable of producing deep insights into abstract matters. This approach gives strength to reason as a key instrument in the exploration and understanding of knowledge.
The concept of rationalism refers to a philosophical school which believes that knowledge does not come from empirical experience, but comes from a priori principles contained in reason. 4. In the perspective of rationalism, knowledge is built on the basis of axioms, principles or general definitions as a foundation or starting point before explaining reality or understanding something. 5. Rationalism was initiated by Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650), who is known as the father of modern philosophy 6. Descartes, an expert in natural science, law, and medicine, stated that science must be single, without rivals, and compiled by one individual as an independent structure according to a general method 7.
Descartes became one of the most significant and influential thinkers in modern Western history. His revolutionary thinking created a philosophical revolution in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Thus, rationalism emphasizes the importance of
1 Peter Markie and M. Folescu, ―Rationalism vs Empiricism,‖ in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta & Uri Nodelman, Spring 202 (etaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2023).
2 Yaman Barlas and Stanley Carpenter, ―Philosophical Roots of Model Validation: Two Paradigms,‖ System Dynamics Review 6, no. 2 (June 22, 1990): 148–66, https://doi.org/10.1002/sdr.4260060203.
3 Muhammad Hafizh et al., ―Paradigma Epistemologi : Sumber Pengetahuan Perspektif Islam Dan Barat,‖ Risalah : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Islam Perbandingan 9, no. 4 (2023): 1496–1509.
4 Erhard Scheibe, ―Between Rationalism and Empiricism,‖ in Between Rationalism and Empiricism (New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001), 1–86, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0183- 7_1.
5 William W Cobern, ―The Nature of Science and the Role of Knowledge and Belief,‖ Science &
Education 9, no. 3 (2000): 219–46, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008747309880.
6 Hyginus Chibuike Ezebuilo, ―Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza: A Brief Survey of Rationalism,‖
AMAMIHE: Journal of Applied Philosophy 18, no. 6 (2020): 95–118, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19692.39043.
7 Delphine Antoine-Mahut, ―René Descartes (1596-1650) : His Scientific Work and Its Reception,‖ in Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences, ed. Dana Wolfe, Jalobeanu, and Charles, Springer 2, 2020.
R
reason and a priori principles in building knowledge, changing the view of the way humans understand the world. This article aims to explore and describe the foundations and implications of the philosophy of rationalism introduced by Descartes.
In the long journey of searching for identity, we often find traces of philosophy that lead us to a deeper understanding of our own existence and existence. One of the philosophical concepts that provides an interesting and deep view is rationalism. In Fahruddin Faiz's "The Book of Disappearing and Finding Your Identity", the author takes us through a spiritual journey filled with rationalist values. This book is not just a story of a life's journey, but also explores the philosophy of rationalism hidden in every word and experience shared by the author.8
Based on what has been stated above , it is interesting to explore the deep thoughts that are the driving force for change and a deeper understanding of the nature of oneself. By providing a systematic introduction to the traces of rationalist philosophy in Fahruddin Faiz's work, this article aims to open the door to a deeper understanding regarding this book. Through rationalism, you will be invited to understand the hidden meanings and messages.
This research is an in-depth exploration of the concept of the philosophy of rationalism in the work "Disappearing, Finding Your Identity" by Fahruddin Faiz, using the Library Research method and a descriptive approach. The research process began with an intensive study of the contents of the book, where every word and concept presented by Faiz was analyzed to explore an understanding of rationalism. Next, secondary data collection was carried out through searching for related literature in scientific journals, publications and trusted web sources. This secondary data is integrated to provide a broader perspective on the concept of rationalism that appears in Faiz's work. The data analysis stage was carried out, data reduction was carried out by identifying the main findings and grouping them according to themes. The data is presented using a descriptive narrative that combines findings from primary books and supporting literature. Each finding is structured in a structured manner, building a narrative that clarifies the meaning and significance of rationalism in the context of Faiz's work.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
1. Short Biography of Fahruddin Faiz
The 16th of August, 1975, saw the birth of Dr. H. Fahruddin Faiz, S.Ag, M.Ag in Mojokerto, East Java. He was the deputy dean of the Faculty of Ushuluddin and Islamic Thought at the State Islamic University (UIN) Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. He is an academic and a specialist in Islamic philosophy. He delivers guest lectures to a lecturer at UIN Sunan Kalijaga. He also graduated from Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Jember, formerly known as Madrasah Aliyah Special Program (MAPK)
8 Rudy Sumiharsono, Moh Safrudin, and Syahrul Ramadhan, ―Research Trends On Character Education Based On Scopus Database From 2018 To 2023: A Bibliometric Analysis,‖ n.d.
Jember. In 1994, Fahruddin Faiz enrolled at Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic Institute (IAIN) to pursue his education 9.
Fahruddin Faiz pursued his undergraduate studies in Aqidah and Philosophy at the Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic Institute (IAIN) in 1994, graduating in 1998.
Fahruddin Faiz said in his unusual narrative on the Mojodotco YouTube channel that he was truly undecided about what major to choose. Because studying was merely what his parents requested, he had no intention of attending college from the beginning.
Fahruddin Faiz inquired about majors from the campus operator during registration; in reality, he wanted to know which major piqued his least interest. Because studying might be soothing if the department lacks appeal, according to Fahruddin Faiz's imagination. Additionally, the campus operator allowed him permission to access the Faculty Ushuluddin majoring in Aqidah and Philosophy.1011
2. Fahruddin Faiz's Works
Fahruddin Faiz has completed two short courses: one on Islamic philosophy at ICIS (International Center for Islamic Studies), Qom, Iran (2007), and another on research management at NTU Singapore (2006). In addition, he writes frequently.
Philosophers Are Also Humans, Before Philosophy, Women in World Religions, Qur'anic Hermeneutics: between Text, Context, and Contextualization, New Tafsir of Islamic Studies in the Multicultural Era, and Human Transfugration are some of his publications. Bertuah Philosopher's Style (Translated), I Asked So I Am, Broken Heart Hand, Broken Hearts Treatise, Reinterpreting Sunan Kalijaga, About False Reasons and Misguided Thoughts, Rasa Translation, Kahlil Gibran's Philosophical World of Love, Becoming a Human Being as a Servant, and Disappearing to Find True Self.1213
3. Discussing Philosophy on the MJS Youtube Channel
Then, it was an incredible piece of work that introduced him to a larger audience. more specifically, "The Study of Philosophy" The MJS community's students' teaching of the Philosophy of the Koran has been successful in turning into a venue for funding a number of spiritual endeavors, honing intellects while preserving their culture. The request to complete a study came from several pupils at the mosque in Takmir, which is how philosophy study got its start. But, he is unconfident in his ability to offer religious insight, thus he is not someone who is frequently invited to conduct research or give talks at the mosque. Then he told his classmates that he was preparing to assist them in finishing their coursework at the mosque. It's simply that philosophy is his area of expertise. He would want to complete a study with a philosophical topic if his other classmates were up for the challenge.
However, some of the early philosophical recital events were not performed in mosques due to concerns that philosophical recitation may create "noise" in mosques because philosophy was a "sensitive" topic for certain individuals. Following the
9 Robby Karman, ―Mengenal Fahruddin Faiz, Sosok Bersahaja Pengasuh Ngaji Filsafat,‖ Kuliah Islam, 2023, https://www.kuliahalislam.com/2021/06/fahruddin-faiz.html?m=1.
10 Karman.
11 Mojok.co, ―NGAJI FILSAFAT BERSAMA DR. FAHRUDDIN FAIZ‖ (Yogyakarta, 2023), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W87WwbjoBRo&t=2530s.
12 Fahruddin Faiz, Menjadi Manusia Menjadi Hamba (Yogyakarta: Noura Books, 2020), 308.
13 Fahruddin Faiz, Dunia Filosofis Kahlil Gibran (Yogyakarta: MJS Press, 2019), 127.
widespread dissemination of an audio lecture by a participant, identified only by his moniker Mr. Faiz, via smartphone, philosophy became a popular subject of study. The research participants could no longer be accommodated in the lesson due to the rise in attendance. Subsequently, the research had to be relocated to the mosque. Since then, the Jendral Sudirman Mosque has hosted philosophical recitations on a regular basis. He was extra cautious since he was afraid that a lot of people wouldn't like it, so he held it at the mosque.
4. Overview of Book Contents
The book Disappearing, Finding Your True Self is a method of study "Natural Philosophy" taught by Dr. Fahruddin Faiz then put it in writing form. Dr. Fahruddin Faiz used a recurring theme in this book—basically, that people are creatures of thought. thinking logically and coherently through the use of philosophical techniques.
According to Fahruddin Faiz, thinking is a religious mandate. Everything in existence must be considered, questioned, and doubted. Thus, the process of figuring out, doubting, and questioning makes it extremely simple to identify the truth. Fahruddin Faiz went so far as to say that philosophy is a religious requirement, which is quite serious and radical.
Many philosopher-style ideas are presented in the book Disappearing, Finding Your True Self. In actuality, the conversation is related to the opinions of western philosophers. On the other hand, the title and nomenclature of the book refer to the idea of Sufism. Fahruddin Faiz really based his study of what people were formed for on the passages of the Koran, as is evident from the book's preface. Dr. Fahruddin Faiz's book Disappearing and Finding Your True Self has eight conversations. A wonderful concept with a philosophical foundation that aims to clarify life's significance. Its core can thereafter be seen as a lesson for people to live this life. The following is the discussion:
a. I think Therefore I Am
A rationalist review grounded in the ideas of Western philosopher Rene Descrater. a person with a wealth of knowledge and expertise in the domains of logic, mathematics, metaphysics, ethics, and philosophy. Descartes introduced mathematical logic into philosophy and had a significant influence in conceiving the route to truth- seeking. He was thereafter referred to be the Father of Modern Philosophy as a result.
Starting with the chapter I Think So I Am, Fahruddin Faiz conceptualizes a number of sub-chapters in this section. These include Formulas of Philosophy, Rules of Philosophy, Rationalism, Pursuing Truth with Reason, Innate Ideas, Dualism, the interaction of the brain and reason, Cartesian ethics, and concluding with the wisdom of Descartes' thought.
b. Living Freely Armed with Intuition
In his day, Bergson's way of thinking was distinct. Because positivistic ideas based on reason—or the search for the essence of truth—were prevalent among people at the time. This French philosopher did, however, really explore intuitive thought. The philosophical legacy of Henry Bergson truly has a hint of spiritualism. Henry Bergson gained notoriety for his conception of intuitionism. We talk about the theories of French philosopher Henry Bergson in this part. 19th-century philosopher Henry Bergson was a
living person. A native of 1859, he passed away in 1941 at the age of 82. Henry was a prolific author and educator. In 1927, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
c. Life is Absurd. Don't run from it
This chapter recounts the tale of Albert Camus, a person who was greatly impacted by existentialist philosophy. In 1957, Albert Camus was also chosen the winner of the Nobel Prize in philosophy and literature. 64 Alber Camus popularized the idea of absurdity in life. The narrative of Greek mythologist Sisyphus is the ridiculous existence that Camus tells. a deity who controlled the Corinth area of Enarete and was the son of King Aeolus. Because of his mischievous tendencies and many transgressions, Sishypus was condemned to hell by the gods. Sishypus vowed to go back to hell and made a plea to return to Earth even after he had been punished.
d. The Nature of Life and Happiness
In this part, Dr. Fahruddin Faiz uses Islamic and Hindu teachings to explain the nature of existence and life. beginning with a talk about the foundations of faith. There are "pillars of faith" in Hinduism known as Panca Sradha. Brahman, Atman, Karmaphala, Punarbhawa/samsara (reincarnation), and moksha make up the Panca Sradha. Brahman is God, Atman is the human soul, karmaphala is the law of worldly law causality, samsara is spiritual causality, and moksha is spiritual emancipation according to the Abrahamic faith.
e. Journey in Search of Light
This quest for purpose narrates the tale of a spiritual quest. The voyage of Shidartha Gautama, the son of King Sudhodana. Shidarta Gautama is reported to have roamed around for 72 full moons in search of solace for his existential fears. To seek the truth is the aim of traveling. Two Buddhist proverbs contain the wisdom contained in this tale. those people who pursue the road of truth are mistaken. First, don't exert all of your strength and energy. The two took some time to get along. People simply come up with a strategy to begin seeking the truth; they do not devote all of their time and attention to discovering their own truth.
f. Between Living Aggressively and Giving Up
Fahruddin Faiz learns from the Indian maestro's ideas in this chapter. Mahatma Gandhi, also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The term Mahatma is a combination of the terms atman, which means soul, and maha, which means large. The spirit of Mahatma enjoys an exceptional degree of freedom. The well-known kind and courteous Mahatma Gadhi offered some counsel. Gandhi gave the following advice:
First Act as though your death is imminent. You wouldn't dare think or act in such a way now, of course, if you believed that you might die tomorrow. Worship will be ongoing, people will carry prayer beads and wirid everywhere they go, and people will talk very quietly. If someone were on death row and was to be hung up tomorrow, they would undoubtedly become extremely religious. Second Act as though your death is imminent. You wouldn't dare think or act in such a way now, of course, if you believed that you might die tomorrow. People will always pray, wear prayer beads and wiridan everywhere they go, and use extreme caution when they talk. It's like a death row
person who finds out he will be executed the next day; he will undoubtedly become very religious.
Third Even if you look for information anywhere that it isn't concealed, there is no gain. Put what you've learned into practice. It's suitable and real for life, and after that comes love. Love provides without ever asking. Suffering comes from love, but never retaliation or retribution. There is unquestionably life where there is love, and destruction where there is hatred. Thus, the lesson is not to hate.
g. Soul Cleanser
This soul-cleansing technique is based on Zen philosophy. Zen focuses on purifying the heart or the soul. Zen teachings revolve around self-discovery and meditation. The most significant ritual in Zen teachings is meditation. Zen is a way of life and a practice rather than a concept. Concepts are born in thought and are released from practice. The act of thinking both occupies and relaxes the mind. Thought confines, practice releases. Zen means being still while maintaining a straight back, opening your heart and eyes, and going inside. contemplation. Zen is sometimes compared to Sufi activities in Islamic discourse. Repentance is the first step in achieving the goals outlined in Islamic Sufism. A self-aware person is the first to repent.
Recognize that
h. The Way of the Fighter
In Japan, there is a well-known combat philosophy known as Bushido. The samurai followed this ideology as their code of conduct. Samurai are neither warriors nor heroes. They work as servants. a worker who assists his employer. An intriguing proverb within the Bushido school of thought states that "people who lack training are typically the ones who become angry easily." Individuals who are just beginning to study self-defense typically have short tempers. Make decisions and don't just happen.
Be driven, not manipulative; be helpful, not take advantage of. Make decisions rather than declarations. Strive to be the greatest without considering your competitors.
5. Trace the philosophy of Rationalism in the contents of the book
One idea offered by Rene Descartes that has to be put into practice is "cleaning thinking." The main objective of Descartes was to arrive at philosophical truth via reason. The goal is to create a system with the right ratios, not to find a multitude of discrete facts. Philosophy is the study of wisdom, and wisdom is the comprehension of all that man is capable of knowing for the conduct of his life, the maintenance of his health, and the discovery of all arts. Wisdom is also the understanding of caution in affairs. Rene Descartes placed a strong emphasis on the usefulness of philosophy.
Fahruddin Faiz connects the principles of the rationalist school of thought to real-world issues in his book Disappearing, Finding Your True Self. composed in a philosophical manner, with commentary from a number of philosophers regarding his writings, particularly in relation to his connections to Muslim thinkers. This is the identity of Fahruddin Faiz, the Islamic philosophy specialist. The principles of the rationalist school of thought are outlined in the book Disappearing, Finding Your True Self as follows:
a. Descartes' philosophy
In Fahruddin Faiz's book, Rene Descartes' Principles or Life Motto are laid out namely " I desire to live in peace and to continue the life I have begun under the motto to live well you must live unseen”.14 This statement contains philosophical values that emphasize privacy, tranquility, and simple living principles. This statement reflects the desire to live a peaceful life, where individuals pursue happiness and harmony with themselves. ―Living unnoticed‖ suggests that external glory or recognition is not the primary focus, but rather a more personal existence and accomplishment. The philosophy behind this sentence teaches us the meaning of living simply, without much external attention or the search for popularity.
Values such as tranquility, simplicity and continuity of life emerge as the philosophical foundation. Additionally, there is an appreciation for privacy and invisibility as important elements for achieving a meaningful life. This sentence describes a view of life that focuses on deeper values than mere achievement or recognition from the outside world. As a philosophy of life, it invites to find meaning and happiness in self-peace and living a life in accordance with the values believed by the individual.
Living a good life is everyone's dream , so you have to live For unknown Descartes said, living known is unpleasant. In Descartes' life, he Once avoid from crowd or alienate self And truly No recognized. He disguises himself as anything so as not to be recognized or even suspected as a spy. This self-isolation was intended solely by Rene Descartes For knowledge and reflection, alone For philosophize.
Philosophizing for Rene Descartes is very important. Close eyes intended on principle person Which No Want to care to around him, trapped in laziness, mistakes, even stupidity.
In Fahruddin Faiz's book it is stated that To live without philosophizing is in truth the same as keeping the eyes closed whitout attempted to open them.15 Life without philosophize That The same with Keep going continuously close eyes without trying to open it. Without trying to become better, more critical and wiser. Yet there is beauty that lies around every human being if he wants to meet his intended eyes open his mind, reflect live, come on philosophize. Descartes' philosophy emphasizes the importance of rational thinking and personal reflection. This sentence can be connected to Descartes' views on the importance of observation, analysis and critical thinking as a means of understanding ourselves and the world around us.
For Descartes, opening one's eyes philosophically means having the ability to investigate, question, and understand more deeply. So, this sentence can be interpreted as an invitation to open your eyes philosophically, to face life with an open mind and deep reflection. Living without philosophy is defined as a state in which a person misses the opportunity to understand themselves and the world better, such as leading oneself into darkness without any effort to seek enlightenment.
14 Fahruddin Faiz, Menghilang Menemukan Diri Sejati (Yogyakarta: Mizan, 2022), 20.
15 Fahruddin Faiz, 21.
Say René Descartes Dubium Sapiantiae Initium (doublet is the origins of wisdom).16 Doubtful is source wisdom, Doubt is also called skepticism. Method doubt Which given by René Descartes called as ―Methodical Doubt.‖ Descartes provided a new way of doing philosophy. The purpose of his doubts cannot be separated from his efforts to obtain certainty knowledge base. Wrong One matter Which interesting is moment in where He start doubt everything something especially certainty about objects material which can captured through the five senses.
Descartes offers the method of doubt method of doubting 17, which becomes the soul of his theory. For Descartes, he was a person who had never philosophized seriously Of course he has various views in his mind 18. In line with Socrates who said that life Which No tested is life Which No There is It means. Likewise, Sutan Syahrir, the Freedom Fighter, said that "Life is... No what's at stake is life won't won.
In Fahruddin Faiz's book, it is stated that if you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt as far as possible, all things.19 If you want become a true seeker of truth then should at least very in life Don't you just doubt something? you are capable. In view Islam, If discuss about dream thinking Descartes has similarities with hujja ah al-I slam Imam a l-Ghazali. In his view Al-Ghazali also suspects that this life is a dream. For him life the real one only There is after humans die and resurrected again. Illustration What Imam a l-Ghazali describes is that later awareness will be in the realm of barzakh it is the same as consciousness after awakening from sleep. It's just that Descartes didn't so far Priest Al-Ghazali. The difference Descartes only focus on What the guarantee that this moment is not a dream .20
Furthermore, in the book it is also said deceiving God argument and evil-demon argument. Argument deceiving God and the evil arguments of the devil. Descartes was a man of vain high religiosity. He believes in God with his own arguments, all basically believe in the existence of Almighty God and with God's power can cause deception even in knowledge clear 21. Explained further in his book it is said to be Co gito ergo sum . This is a famous adage from Descartes. Starting from doubting everything, both the material and spiritual world man will get to the point that there is something to believe in. And that's the thing the most basic. That is the process of thinking. So that means I'm the one who thinks, This must exist because thinking exists then I who think also must be. From barrage this is what was born Co gito ergo sum.22
b. Innate Ideas
16 Fahruddin Faiz, 24.
17 Edwin M. Curley, Descartes Against the Skeptics (Harvard University Press, 1978), 21, https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674330245.
18 Virgil C. Aldrich, ―DesCartes’ Method of Doubt,‖ Philosophy of Science 4, no. 4 (October 14, 1937): 395–411, https://doi.org/10.1086/286474.
19 Fahruddin Faiz, Menghilang Menemukan Diri Sejati, 32.
20 Fahruddin Faiz, 34.
21 Leo Groarke, ―Descartes’ First Meditation: Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed,‖ Journal of the History of Philosophy 22, no. 3 (1984): 281–301, https://doi.org/10.1353/hph.1984.0037.
22 Newman Lex, ―Descartes’ Epistemology,‖ in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed.
Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman, Winter (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2023).
Innate Ideas In Rene Descartes' view there is something called Innate ideas or Idea Default. Man own idea default the. Idea default the is man capable think. Think for Descartes, will grow awareness For know that man No perfect. Because that's necessity think For become more perfectly. When thought the more develop so to be perfect from Previously, Yes three matter Which Certain in life This, for Descartes mention in life This There is "substance". In Language Latin called res cogitans (think), res extension (vastness think), And God (Lord). For René Ddescartes, third This is innate ideas, There is world thought, world material And region deity.23
c. Cartesian Philosophy
Based on draft philosophy in dualism there is two substance. On understand about connection between soul And body, dualism state If phenomenon mental is a non- physical entity. This concept of dualism of body and soul has existed started on era Plato And Aristotle Which own relate with speculation about existence soul Which relate with intelligence as well as policy. With reason discrete, Plato as well as Aristotle state that Human "intelligence" (part of the mind or soul) is difficult to identify or physically known.
Dualism is an understanding or teaching that believes that nature is divided into two parts, namely spiritual essence and essence material. The essence the stand Alone in a way free, with equality human and personal. An illustration of the cooperation between these two essences can looks at human self. Dualism arose in the Phitagorean school of change of soul, as well ―materiality‖ appears in such a philosophical position as the atomism of democritus. Adherent The Pythagorean school was based on the religious belief that the soul, at death, the mere transfer of souls from the bodies they inhabit into other bodies (But sometimes movements are not only within the same species).24
The basic substance of Cartesian philosophy is God, Mind and Matter. Both things Lastly, mind and matter are God's creation. Cartesian Philosophy from René Descartes influenced by view philosophy Aristotle 25. Influence This view of Aristotle made Descartes believe that humans are part from thought Which be marked A process think about Who I Actually. Process invention I is A process invention independent.
This discovery process is one proof of Aristotle's views influenced Cartesian philosophy. Learn ethics or learn to decide well and bad must be studied comprehensively using these three formulas. Existence God, the human position of dualism and free will is what is called ethics Cartesian.26
6. Philosophical advice
This book explains a lot of philosophical advice, some of which are found in this book, namely 27; Firstly It is not enough to not have a good mind, the main thing is to use it well. No it is enough to have good thoughts, the main thing is to use them well.
23 Fahruddin Faiz, Menghilang Menemukan Diri Sejati, 39.
24 Fahruddin Faiz, 49.
25 Richard A Watson, ―What Moves the Mind: An Excursion in Cartesian Dualism,‖ American Philosophical Quarterly 19, no. 1 (December 30, 1982): 73–81.
26 Cecilia Wee, ―Self, Other, and Community in Cartesian Ethics,‖ History of Philosophy Quarterly 19, no. 3 (December 30, 2002): 255–73.
27 Fahruddin Faiz, Menghilang Menemukan Diri Sejati, 53–60.
The main thing is use it sense Which Healthy, sense Which sane, But No Enough with Soundness of reason also requires reflection after soundness of reason must be ensured The most important thing is whether it is used or not. Reason is like a tool will works If used For think.
Second, the greatest minds are capable of the greatest vices as well as those of the greatest virtues . This sentence contains deep philosophical meaning, highlighting the complexity and duality in human nature. This statement teaches us that greatness of mind is not always accompanied by absolute goodness or moral perfection. People who have great intelligence and thoughts can also have a tendency to commit bad or low moral actions. A person may have extraordinary intellectual powers, but also be prone to moral weaknesses.
This philosophical meaning reminds us not to ignore the dark side of human potential and to always strive to develop virtue in balance with our intelligence. It is important to understand that greatness of mind must be balanced with moral and ethical considerations in order to create a true positive impact in life. This sentence invites us to remain humble, understand our weaknesses, and try to bring goodness together with the intelligence we have.
Third To know what people really think, pay attention to what they do, Rather than what they Say. This statement teaches us not to rely solely on someone's words to understand their thinking. Actions are often a more honest interpreter of a person's inner state than spoken words. People may say one thing, but their actions will reflect the true values and priorities they hold.
The philosophy behind this sentence invites us to develop sharp observation of people's behavior and decisions, because it can provide deeper insight into their character and outlook on life. It also emphasizes the importance of being alert to the discrepancy between words and actions, as well as the wisdom to read the underlying meaning behind one's actions. By understanding that actions are often a window into a person's heart and thoughts, we can be wiser in reading and understanding social relationships and human interactions.
Fourth You just keep pushing. You just keep pushing. I made every mistake that could be made. But I just saved pushing . This statement reflects the spirit of never giving up, where someone admits that they may have made many mistakes, but they choose to keep going. The phrase "push" here denotes the persistent act of continuing to try, even in the face of failure or mistakes.
The philosophy behind this sentence teaches us about the meaning of persistence and fortitude in achieving goals. Even though every mistake is acknowledged, the determination to keep going and learn from these mistakes remains unwavering. This also reflects the importance of a positive mental attitude, where failure is viewed as a stepping stone to growth and not as a dead end. By continuing to push oneself, even when faced with obstacles or failure, one can achieve extraordinary achievements and growth. This sentence inspires not to give up in the face of difficulties, but to continue fighting and growing through life experiences.
Fifth whenever anyone has offended me. I try to raise my soul so high that the offense cannot reach . Behind this sentence teaches us not to let other people's hatred or mistakes bring us down, but rather to take control of our own reactions and feelings. By understanding that true strength lies in the ability to remain peaceful and lift ourselves above conflict, we can thrive and grow even in difficult situations.
CONCLUSION
Based on the explanation that has been stated clearly above, the book disappearing in search of identity provides confirmation that can connect the reality of rationalist thinking with life which is very close to us. Fahruddin Faiz in his book wants to emphasize that the activities carried out in everyday life have a connection with the philosophy of rationalism brought by Descartes, this can be seen in his book which quotes a lot of Descartes' opinions, Camus's absurdity, Hinduism, Buddhism and Zen which are described. in each fold of the chapter presented. The substance in this book states that Finding Self True own substance Which push man must own awareness will importance philosophize Which Correct, with philosophize with Correct so process find meaning life will achieved.
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