WASTE FINAL PROCESSING AND PROCESSING ENGINEERING REPORT

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WASTE FINAL PROCESSING AND PROCESSING ENGINEERING REPORT

Selection of TPA Locations Based on SNI (TPA Rumbai) and the Hagerty Method (TPA Palangka Raya)

By:

1. Aliffa Oktanofrida Hade (2110942011) 2. Nabila Maharani Irzeni Putri (2110942020)

DEPARTEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING-UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PADANG

2023/2024

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Case Study

1.1.1 Final Processing Site (TPA) Rumbai

The condition of the landfill location that does not meet the requirements as well as minimal facilities and open dumping operations causes a very high tendency to pollute the environment. According to Government Law No. 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management, if a region still uses an open dumping system in managing its waste landfill, then the Regional Government must make a closure plan and no later than 5 (five) years from the enactment of this law, namely on 7^th May 2013 and must implement a sanitary landfill system (Subechan, 2017).

Currently, the Pekanbaru City landfill in the Muara Fajar area still uses an open dumping system. This causes pollution of the underground water system by leachate and the dominant direction of movement is in the north and west of the landfill. The water quality of residents' dug wells around the Muara Fajar landfill contains Iron (Fn) and Zinc (Zn) which has exceeded the threshold. Meanwhile, the concentration of chromium and cyanide in leachate has also exceeded the specified threshold. The presence of environmental pollution causes the perception of the community around the landfill site towards the landfill in question to become bad and there is conflict between the community and the landfill manager (Subechan, 2017).

As a result of the waste management system using the open dumping method, currently the capacity of the Muara Fajar TPA is inadequate, so additional land is required. However, this cannot be implemented due to limited land for expansion, so the City of Pekanbaru needs to provide new landfill land as a replacement for the Muara Fajar landfill, which begins with conducting a location analysis. This is in accordance with the letter from the Mayor of Pekanbaru to the Governor of Riau No. 027/DKP/627/X/2014 dated on 10^th October 2014.

The application letter states that the Muara Fajar TPA, Rumbai District, is the only TPA location in Pekanbaru City since in 1985 with an area of 8.6 Ha. Currently, the land is 80%

used and must be immediately anticipated with alternative replacements (Subechan, 2017).

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Choosing the right landfill location is very necessary, both for the continuity of operations and protection of the environment, social, cultural, and economic aspects of the community around the location. Therefore, it is necessary to know what are the parameters for selecting a waste landfill location based on SNI 19-3241-1994 and the environmental, social, economic, and cultural feasibility of the location is not yet known (Subechan, 2017).

1.1.2 Final Processing Site (TPA) Palangka Raya

Palangka Raya City, the capital of Central Kalimantan Province, has an area of 2,678.51 km² with a population of 275,661 people with an average population density of 112 people per square kilometer. To manage waste in the city of Palangka Raya, the Government through the Palangka Raya City Market and Cleanliness Service has determined a 10-ha landfill location at Km 14 Jalan Cilik Riwut Palangka Raya (Susanti, 2020).

According to Asiaka (2018), the daily volume of waste that can be transported to the Jalan Tjilik Riwut Waste Landfill reaches up to 564 m³, while the composition of waste entering the landfill consisted of food scraps and leaves (70.06%), plastic (14.95%), paper (7.14%), wood, glass, metal/aluminum, rubber, and fabric (5.46%) and others/mixture (2.39%). The average population growth rate in the city of Palangka Raya is 3.1% per year, so it can be estimated that for 10-20 years there will be 375,851 people in 2027 and 512,445 people in 2037. This means that it will produce 10 rubles per day, next year is 768 m³, and 1,042 m³ in the next 20 years (Susanti, 2020).

The current landfill has an area of 10 ha or 10,000 m² including the management area and infrastructure facilities office. In the next 10 years, it is estimated that the pile of waste will reach 280,320 m³/year or 380,330 m³/year within 20 years, so that the landfill site will not be able to accommodate and process the waste in the city of Palangka Raya. Apart from that, the direction of urban spatial growth will become wider and the locations of existing landfills will be closer to settlements or other community activities (Susanti, 2020).

Based on this, the Palangka Raya city government must prepare another more suitable location to meet the waste management needs of the growth of the city of Palangka Raya for the next 10 or 20 years. In preparing prospective landfill locations, a feasibility study or evaluation of location suitability is required (Susanti, 2020).

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

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CHAPTER III

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Existing Conditions

3.1.1 Final Processing Site (TPA) Rumbai

Pekanbaru City has a tropical climate with a maximum air temperature between 34.1º C - 35.6º C and a minimum of 20.2º C - 23.0º C with rainfall of 38.6 - 435.0 mm/year. The rainy season is January to April and September to December. Dry season is May to August.

Maximum humidity between 96% - 100%, minimum between 46% - 62% (Subechan, 2017).

The soil in Pekanbaru City is a hydromorphic alluvial type which has slightly waterproof properties. Has a carrying capacity (Tsoil) between 0.7 kg/cm² - 1 kg/cm², except in several locations close to tributaries (0.4 kg/cm2 - 0.6 kg/cm²). The water condition in Pekanbaru City consists of surface water which ends up in the Siak River and the condition of the groundwater in terms of groundwater characteristics is not good as drinking water, while shallow groundwater has the potential to be a source of drinking water (Subechan, 2017).

3.1.2 Final Processing Site (TPA) Palangka Raya

Palangka Raya City, the capital of Central Kalimantan Province, has an area of 2,678.51 km² with a population of 275,661 people with an average population density of 112 people per square kilometer. To manage waste in the city of Palangka Raya, the Government through the Palangka Raya City Market and Cleanliness Service has determined a 10-ha landfill location at Km 14 Jalan Cilik Riwut Palangka Raya (Susanti, 2020).

According to Asiaka (2018), the daily volume of waste that can be transported to the Jalan Tjilik Riwut Waste Landfill reaches up to 564 m³, while the composition of waste entering the landfill consisted of food scraps and leaves (70.06%), plastic (14.95%), paper (7.14%), wood, glass, metal/aluminum, rubber, and fabric (5.46%) and others/mixture (2.39%). The average population growth rate in the city of Palangka Raya is 3.1% per year, so it can be estimated that for 10-20 years there will be 375,851 people in 2027 and 512,445 people in 2037. This means that it will produce 10 rubles per day, next year is 768 m³, and 1,042 m³ in the next 20 years (Susanti, 2020).

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The current landfill has an area of 10 ha or 10,000 m² including the management area and infrastructure facilities office. In the next 10 years, it is estimated that the pile of waste will reach 280,320 m³/year or 380,330 m³/year within 20 years, so that the landfill site will not be able to accommodate and process the waste in the city of Palangka Raya. Apart from that, the direction of urban spatial growth will become wider and the locations of existing landfills will be closer to settlements or other community activities (Susanti, 2020).

3.2 Evaluation of Final Processing Site (TPA) Location Selection 3.2.1 Final Processing Site (TPA) Rumbai

The location of the Pekanbaru City landfill is in the Muara Fajar sub-district, ± 18.5 km from the city with an area of 8.6 Ha. The initial management of the landfill used a controlled landfill system, this was characterized by the presence of drainage channels to control rainwater, leachate collection channels which were in saturated conditions and the leachate concentration of 0 - 100% was 13.5 - 30 μm, holding ponds, methane gas control facilities and others, but the increase in the amount of waste that exceeds the capacity of the waste storage area makes the TPA implement an open dumping system in waste processing (Subechan, 2017).

From the results of the analysis of the SNI criteria relating to the opening of a new landfill which will be used as a replacement for the Muara Fajar landfill, it is known that the land is owned by people with a total area of 14 ha and is currently used for oil palm plantations. The projected population of Pekanbaru city until 2024 is 2,002,948 people and produces 1,303 tons of waste/day. To accommodate it, 6.68 ha/year of land is needed. An alternative to overcome this situation, according to Rofihendra and Trihadiningrum, (2010) is by reducing waste, in this way the use life of the landfill can be extended by 5 years from the 15-year planned life (Subechan, 2017).

Of the 19 respondents around the new landfill site, 13 respondents stated that the existence of the landfill was very useful because it provided work for scavengers (23%), made the city of Pekanbaru clean (15%), made waste management easier (15%) and reduced environmental pollution (8%). A total of 6 respondents answered that it was not useful because it became a nest for disease (17%) and caused odors (33%). With the construction of the landfill, the hopes of the local community are that the local economy will improve (15%), new job opportunities (10%) and the city of Pekanbaru will become cleaner because the waste is transported to the landfill (32%) (Subechan, 2017).

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To fulfill these expectations, the local community provided suggestions to the government authorities, namely that there should be more waste transport vehicles (26%), the waste transport bins should be closed so that they do not end up on the road (36%) and that this should be done in the morning so as not to cause traffic jams (26%). In almost all landfills in Indonesia there are scavengers, the local community's response to the existence of these scavengers also varies, including disturbing security (10%), creating irregular piles of rubbish (16%), helping to reduce piles of rubbish (32%) and creating new jobs. (42%) (Subechan, 2017).

For more details regarding the weighting of the location selection, Table 3.1 can be seen below.

Table 3.1 Weighting of Criteria for Allowance for Landfill Site Plans

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Source: Subechan, 2017

Information:

B = Weight

N = Value

LT = TPA Location

The feasibility of the Rumbai District waste landfill location based on the SNI 03-3141-1994 criteria is as follows: the total score for all parameters produced is 627. The lowest score from calculating all parameters is 99 and the highest score is 763. With a score of 627, then based on the interval class, The feasibility value for the Rumbai District Waste Landfill location is in the interval class 517-780. In this way, the location of the Muara Fajar waste landfill in Pekanbaru City can be declared feasible (Subechan, 2017).

3.2.2 Final Processing Site (TPA) Palangka Raya Lithological Aspects

The rock units in the Palangka Raya city area based on their distribution are dominated by the Dahor Formation which is in the form of conglomerate embedded in a mass of sand and alternated with sandstone and claystone. Meanwhile, based on the land distribution map from Central Kalimantan Province Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2015 concerning Central Kalimantan Province Regional Spatial Planning for 2015-2035, the city of Palangka Raya is dominated by the Podsol soil type which is described as having a texture that tends to be

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sandy to clay (Table 8). So, based on the constituent rock units of existing geological formations, the division and scoring of lithological types in the city of Palangka Raya uses constituent rocks that are part of existing geological formations (Susanti, 2020).

The type of rock plays a very important role in reducing pollution from leachate water, this reducing ability includes permeability, infiltration capacity, rock absorption ability and so on.

Fine-grained rock materials such as clay, marl compared to rocks with large-grained or crystalline materials. Rocks that are solid or solid are better than rocks that are still loose (Susanti, 2020).

Source: Susanti, 2020

Hydrogeological Aspects

Based on groundwater contour data from the 2013 Groundwater Conservation Map of the Palangka Raya Banjarmasin II, Kalimantan groundwater basin made by the Center for Water Resources and Environmental Management Geology and groundwater contour data from the Final Report of the Groundwater Potential Survey in the city of Palangkaraya, a map was

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created the groundwater contour of the city of Palangka Raya which was then given a score (Table 9) (Susanti, 2020).

At the existing landfill location, the depth of wells belonging to the community around the landfill based on interview results ranges from 10-25 meters. The depth of the groundwater level from community wells cannot be measured, because they are usually covered with cement. In the existing monitoring well, which is approximately 100 m from the landfill with the nearest settlement, the depth of the groundwater level which can be measured using the SOLINST 101 P7 water level meter is 11.5 meters from the ground surface (Susanti, 2020).

Slope Aspect

The slope of the slope can be reflected in the relatively flat topography of the city of Palangka Raya. Based on topographic map analysis, the slope of the city of Palangka Raya is divided into plain areas and weakly undulating hills with a slope of less than 25%. The only area that has a slope of more than 25% is in the Tangkiling Hill area covering an area of 124 ha (Susanti, 2020).

Examining the slope aspect in determining a waste landfill can be related to the potential for ground movement, because one of the factors that can influence the occurrence of ground movement is the slope of the slope. Apart from that, locations with steep slopes will make it difficult to manage waste in the landfill. So, the steeper it is, the better (Susanti, 2020).

The city of Palangka Raya at a slope level of 0-8% reaches 285,069.26 ha of the total area of the city of Palangka Raya itself. The results of the analysis of the slope map of the city of Palangka Raya are presented in Table 10 (Susanti, 2020).

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Aspects of Potential Ground Movements

Land movement is a geological process that occurs due to the interaction of several conditions, including geomorphology, geological structure, hydrology, and land use. These conditions influence each other to create slope conditions that tend to move (Susanti, 2020).

Based on the Land Movement Disaster Prone Map published by the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation from the Geological Agency, the classification results for the Palangka Raya city area are in 2 (two) zones, namely the very low ground movement vulnerability zone and the low ground movement vulnerability zone. In these two zones, ground movement rarely or almost never occurs, if land movement occurs it is only of small dimensions and may occur on river banks (Susanti, 2020).

The results of the analysis of the slope map for the city of Palangka Raya are presented in Table 11. Areas prone to ground movement are considered unfit to become a waste landfill because they can damage construction and disrupt operational waste management activities.

An area is considered to have soil vulnerability if it is classified as moderate to high (Susanti, 2020).

Rainfall Aspects

The rainfall aspect, apart from being a determining factor in the analysis of land movement zones, is also an important factor in selecting a landfill location related to the amount of rainfall which can influence the level of difficulty in providing waste landfill facilities, namely drainage ditches, leachate collection ponds and the occurrence of oxidation. The higher the rainfall, the higher the level of difficulty. Based on rainfall map analysis data from BMKG Palangka Raya station and paying attention to the number of rainy days, it was found

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that the highest rainfall can reach 5400 mm per year, especially in Pahandut, Sebangau and parts of Jekan Raya sub-districts, while in parts of Bukit Batu and Rakumpit sub-districts rainfall reaches 3000 mm/year, overall rainfall in the city of Palangka Raya per year is quite high, namely around 4,200 mm per year (Susanti, 2020).

In accordance with the class classification for rainfall components in the study method, the classification class for the highest rainfall in the city of Palangka Raya will be 2 (Table 12) (Susanti, 2020).

Land Use Aspects

The aspect of land use that is scored at this stage is by looking at its use in relation to the presence of existing vegetation. Land use is divided into 5 parts, namely bushes/open land, moorlands/fields, rainfed rice fields/dry land agriculture, gardens/forests, settlements/land waters (Table 13). The map used for land user analysis is the Land Use Map based on Central Kalimantan Province Regional Regulation number 5 of 2015 concerning the 2015-2035 Central Kalimantan Province Regional Spatial Planning Plan which is adjusted to environmental geological aspects (Susanti, 2020).

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CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusion

1. The predicted population of Pekanbaru City in 2024 is 2,022,948 people, producing 1,303 tons of waste/day, requiring a land area of 6.68 ha/year to accommodate waste. So, the capacity of the waste landfill in Rumbai District can be used to accommodate waste for between 3 - 5 years. Based on SNI 03-3241-1994 at the research location, a score of 627 was obtained, so based on the interval class, the feasibility value of the Rumbai District waste landfill location was in the interval class 517-780, so it was declared feasible.

2. A review of the location of the existing Palangka Raya City Waste Landfill against a map of feasibility evaluation results based on environmental geological aspects using the GIS application shows the overlay results of the waste landfill location being in the low feasibility zone. Furthermore, if an overlay is carried out with the boundary aspect of the Palangka Raya city waste landfill location being in an unsuitable zone, this is because the location is very close to an existing residential area, namely less than 150 m. The location of the Palangka Raya city waste landfill is in the buffering zone, where the ideal distance from residential areas is more than 300 meters.

4.2 Suggestions

1. With the growth of the population and the increase in the amount of waste, the location of the Palangka Raya Waste Landfill is not ideal aesthetically and physically, it is assessed based on environmental geological aspects. The location of the Palangka Raya City Waste Landfill is in the low feasible zone and based on the boundary aspects it is in the unsuitable zone, so that it is necessary to think about studying new locations that have better physical and socio-economic assessments.

2. Second, the area in the medium feasible zone covers an area of 93,782.25 ha or 32.85% in the sub-districts of Bukit Batu, Rakumpit and a small part of Jekan Raya and Pahandut, then it can be re-evaluated to be designated as a landfill location by conducting research more details about several selected locations.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Subechan, Choirus. (2017). Analisis Kelayakan Lokasi Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA) Baru Rumbai Pengganti TPA Muara Fajar Kota Pekanbaru. Pekanbaru: Universitas Riau.

WASTE FINAL PROCESSING AND PROCESSING ENGINEERING REPORT