VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 02, (IC-IMAF-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-II, January 2023 194
fo"k;& f'k{kk 'kksèk funZs'kd dk uke&
lgk;d çksQslj ¼vks-ih-ts-,l- foÜofo|ky; pq:] jktLFkku½
leqnk;ksa dks cukus okys O;fä;ksa dks viuh ihf<+;ksa dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, vius LokLF; dks cuk, j[kus vkSj fodflr djus dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ns'kksa dh mRikndrk vkSj fodkl dks xfr nsus ds fy, ,d ih<+h dk LoLFk fodkl Hkh vko';d gSA lHkh jksx&jpukRed dkjdksa dks lekIr djds LokLF; dh lqj{kk vkSj fodkl lqfuf'pr fd;k tkrk gSA dbZ jksx&dkjd dkjd Ø‚l ;k çR;{k lanw"k.k ds ek/;e ls QSyrs gSaA dbZ laØked jksxksa ds fu;a=.k esa O;fäxr LoPNrk dh vknrksa dks egRoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gSA detksj O;fäxr LoPNrk çFkkvksa ds lkFk] lHkh yksx udkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor gksrs gSaA ysfdu lHkh O;fä;ksa esa lcls detksj lewg Ldwyh mez ds cPpksa
¼MCY;w,pvks] 1996½ dk xBu djrk gSA laØked jksxksa ds rsth ls çlkj ds fy, lcls egRoiw.kZ dkj.k lkewfgd thou gSaA fo'ks"k :i ls] lkoZtfud jgus ds {ks= tSls 'k;ux`g vkSj Ldwy LoPNrk leL;kvksa vkSj laØe.kksa ds ekeys esa cgqr tksf[ke Hkjs okrkoj.k gSaA blfy,] fo'ks"k :i ls Ldwy dk okrkoj.k lh/ks HkkSfrd vkSj lkekftd ifjos'k ds LokLF; dks çHkkfor djrk gSA Ldwy ,d lkoZtfud jgus dk {ks= gS tgk¡
cPps vius fnu dk ,d cM+k fgLlk fcrkrs gSa vkSj vi;kZIr cqfu;knh O;fäxr LoPNrk Kku vkSj dkS'ky ds dkj.k laØe.k ds fy, Hkh tksf[ke Hkjk gksrk gSA vius gkFkksa ls gj pht dks Nwus] nwljs cPpksa ds lkFk fudV laidZ esa jgus vkSj vius gkFkksa dks vius eqag ij ys tkus ls cPpksa dks laØe.k gksus dk [krjk gksrk gSA mUgsa laØe.k dk vf/kd [krjk Hkh gksrk gS D;ksafd mudh çfrj{kk ç.kkyh iwjh rjg ls fodflr ugha gksrh gS vkSj mudk Vhdkdj.k iwjk ugha gqvk gSA
laØe.k] O;fäxr vkSj LoPNrkA
Ldwy dh lQyrk dks çHkkfor djus okys lcls egRoiw.kZ dkjdksa esa ls ,d cPps dk LokLF; gSA Ldwy vof/k ds nkSjku ns[kh tkus okyh fofHkUu LokLF; leL;k,a lh[kus dks udkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor djrh gSaA dku] ukd vkSj 'olu laØe.k] bU¶yw,atk]
fueksfu;k vkSj nar jksx Ldwyh mez ds cPpksa esa ns[ks tkus okys çeq[k jksx gSaA Ldwyh mez ds nkSjku lkekU; 'kjhj vkSj ekSf[kd LoPNrk esa deh ds dkj.k gksus okyh leL;k,a ,d vkSj egRoiw.kZ leL;k gS tks bu vk;q lewgksa esa vke gSA bl eqís ij dbZ v/;;uksa esa]
fofHkUu vuqikrksa esa LoPNrk dh deh fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gS vkSj bl eqís dk LokLF;
leL;kvksa ls laca/k ns[kk x;k gSA nar {k;] xys ds jksx] iSjklkbVksfll] ,ythZ] Ropk jksx] dku ds jksx] LØhfuax ds ifj.kkeLo:i rqdhZ esa Ldwyh mez ds cPpksa esa –'; gkfu lcls vke leL;kvksa esa ls ,d FkhA blds vykok] Ldwyh mez ds 30 izfr”kr cPpksa esa
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 02, (IC-IMAF-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-II, January 2023 195
,uhfe;k gS vkSj muesa ls 30&50 izfr”kr ijthoh gSaA bu lHkh fu"d"kksaZ dks fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gS fd Ldwyh mez ds cPpksa us lekt esa ,d egRoiw.kZ tksf[ke lewg cuk;k gSA
LokLF; dh vknrksa esa lq/kkj djus ds fy,] cpiu vU; fodklkRed vof/k;ksa dh rqyuk esa cgqr mi;qä vof/k gSA blfy,] Ldwy lcls O;kid LFkku gS tgk¡ LokLF; ls lacaf/kr lekt dh uhao j[kh tkrh gSA tks Nk= viuk vf/kd le; Ldwy esa fcrkrs gSa mUgsa çHkkoh <ax ls LokLF; f'k{kk nh tk,xh vkSj os cPps dh LoPNrk vkSj lkQ&lQkbZ dh vknrksa dks lh[kus esa l{ke gksaxs tks ges'kk cnyko ds fy, rS;kj jgrs gSaA mlds ckn] cPpk ml tkudkjh ds lkFk leqnk; esa ,d egku dk;Z djsxk ftls og lh[krk gS vkSj lak>k djrk gSA LokLF; lqj{kk dk igyk vkSj lcls egRoiw.kZ fu;e LoPNrk gSA lQkbZ dks i;kZoj.k ls fn[kkbZ nsus okys nwf"kr inkFkksaZ dks gVkus ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA LoPNrk LoLFk i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk vkSj dhVk.kqvksa ls i;kZoj.k dks gVkuk gS ¼fcfylh] m;kj] csgku] vkSj lkyye] 2008] dgoslh vkSj MsfejVkl] 2012½A LoPNrk ds iw.kZ çko/kku ds lkFk] O;fä jksxtud lw{ethoksa vkSj ijthfo;ksa ls eqä gksrs gSa vkSj fdlh Hkh laØked jksx dks nwljksa dks laØfer ugha djrs gSa ¼dgoslh vkSj MsfejVkl]
2012½A
lcls egRoiw.kZ LoPNrk vuqç;ksxksa esa ls ,d O;fäxr LoPNrk çFkk,a gSaA O;fäxr LoPNrk esa os lHkh ^^Lo;a dh ns[kHkky dh çFkk,a^^ 'kkfey gSa tks yksx vius Lo;a ds LokLF; dks cuk, j[kus ds fy, djrs gSa ¼;sVfdu vkSj f;ftVckl] 2008½A O;fä ds vius 'kjhj vkSj diM+ksa dks xanxh vkSj lQkbZ ls nwj j[kuk O;fäxr LoPNrk dk lcls cqfu;knh mís'; ekuk tkrk gSA blls 'kjhj ges'kk LoLFk jgsxkA
O;fäxr LoPNrk ds mik; dbZ chekfj;ksa dks jksdsaxs] fo'ks"kdj laØked jksxksa dksA bu mik;ksa esa ¼dk;k ,V vy-] 2006½ ckyksa dh lQkbZ vkSj ns[kHkky] psgjs] vka[k vkSj dku dh lQkbZ] ekSf[kd vkSj nar fpfdRlk ns[kHkky] fu;fer Luku] gkFk vkSj uk[kwu dh lQkbZ vkSj j[kj[kko] iSjksa dh lQkbZ] lkQ diM+s /kksus vkSj diM+s dk mi;ksx] O;fäxr rkSfy;k] da?kh] /kqykbZ] VwFkcz'k vkSj usy fDyilZ dh fxurh dh tk ldrh gSA
O;fäxr LoPNrk ds fy, flQZ 'kjhj dh lQkbZ gh ugha] cfYd i;kZoj.k dh Hkh lQkbZ t:jh gSA bl v/;;u esa dqN pjksa ds vuqlkj ek/;fed fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa dh lQkbZ vkSj LoPNrk çFkkvksa ds ckjs esa vknrksa dh tk¡p dh xbZA bl mís'; ds vuq:i]
bldk mís'; ek/;fed fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa ds LoPNrk vkSj lQkbZ çFkkvksa ds çfr n`f"Vdks.k dks fu/kkZfjr djuk gS] tks fd foKku lk{kjrk f'k{kk dk ,d vk;ke gS]
O;fäxr LoPNrk dh vknrksa ds ckjs esa muds Kku dks çdV djus vkSj tkx:drk c<+kus ds fy,A
Ldwy LoPNrk vkSj LoPNrk f'k{kk ¼,l,l,pbZ½ laiw.kZ LoPNrk vfHk;ku dk ,d vfuok;Z ?kVd gS] ftlesa cPpksa ds chp O;ogkj ifjorZu dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Ldwyksa esa 'kkSpky; ds cqfu;knh <kaps vkSj gkFk /kksus dh lqfo/kk vkSj LoPNrk f'k{kk dk çko/kku 'kkfey gSA ,l,l,pbZ u dsoy vius Ldwyksa esa cfYd vius ifjokjksa vkSj vkl&iM+ksl esa LoPNrk ds u, fopkjksa vkSj vo/kkj.kkvksa dks vkRelkr djus vkSj yksdfç; cukus esa cPpksa dh Hkwfedk dks lcls vPNs ifjorZu ,tsaV ds :i esa igpkurk gSA Ldwy lh[kus
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 02, (IC-IMAF-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-II, January 2023 196
dh ç;ksx'kkyk,¡ gSa tgk¡ cPpksa }kjk vPNh LoPNrk çFkkvksa] O;fäxr LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk dh vknrksa dks o;Ld gksus ij bu vknrksa dks fodflr djus esa dkQh enn fey ldrh gSA blds vykok] Ldwy ds 'kkSpky;ksa] lqjf{kr is;ty] LoPN ifjos'k vkSj LoPNrk ij cqfu;knh tkudkjh dh mifLFkfr ls cPpksa dh lh[kus dh {kerk esa lq/kkj gksrk gS] LokLF; esa lq/kkj gksrk gS vkSj mifLFkfr esa lq/kkj gksrk gSA fo'ks"k :i ls ckfydkvksa ds fy,] ftldk leqnk; ds LokLF; ij nwjxkeh çHkko iM+rk gSA i;kZIr lqfo/kkvksa] lgh O;ogkj çFkkvksa vkSj f'k{kk ds la;kstu dk eryc iwjs leqnk; ds LokLF;
vkSj LoPNrk dh fLFkfr ij vHkh vkSj Hkfo"; esa ldkjkRed çHkko iM+rk gSA
Ldwy LoPNrk vkSj LoPNrk f'k{kk dk;ZØe ¼,l,l,pbZ½ cPpksa ds LokLF; dks çHkkfor djus dh viuh {kerk ds dkj.k ih<+hxr ifjorZu dks c<+kok nsrk gS vkSj ifjokj vkSj leqnk; ds Hkhrj LoPNrk vkSj LoPNrk esa lq/kkj ds fy, ,d ços'k fcanq ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS] ftls laiw.kZ LoPNrk vfHk;ku ds rgr loksZPp çkFkfedrk nh xbZ gSA ,l,l,pbZ dk;ZØe f'k{kd&cPps&ifjokj&leqnk; ds fl) ekxZ dk ikyu djds fo'ks"k cy nsrk gS tgka cPpk ,d ifjorZu&,tsaV gS tks csgrj LoPNrk vkSj LoLFk çFkkvksa ds lans'k dks QSykus ds fy, fujarj vk/kkj ij ,d çHkkoh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA
Ldwy cPpksa ds laKkukRed] jpukRed vkSj lkekftd fodkl ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA rks D;k Ldwy LoPNrk vkSj LoPNrk f'k{kk cPpksa ds fy, lqjf{kr] lqjf{kr vkSj LoLFk okrkoj.k ds fy, vko';d gS rkfd os csgrj rjhds ls lh[k ldsa vkSj Hkkoh thou dh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj ldsaA ;g le> cgqr gn rd Hkkjr ljdkj ¼thvksvkbZ½ dh uhfr dk ,d fgLlk gSA uhfr ls ysdj dk;ZØe rd] Ldwy LoPNrk vkSj LoPNrk f'k{kk
¼,l,l,pbZ½ vc vf/kdka'k Ldwyksa }kjk Ldwy dsafær fodkl dkjZokbZ dh okLrfodrk cu xbZ gSA Hkkjr ljdkj us bl dk;ZØe dks O;kid LoPNrk dk;ZØe ds lkFk ,dh—r djds ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, 'kq: fd;k gS fd ns'k ds lHkh Ldwyksa fo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k Ldwyksa esa cqfu;knh LoPNrk vkSj ihus ds ikuh dh lqfo/kk gS vkSj cPpksa dks vPNh LoPNrk çFkkvksa dks fl[kk;k tkrk gSA ,l,l,pbZ dk;ZØe ç—fr esa lgHkkxh gS vkSj xzkeh.k ty vkSj LoPNrk {ks= ds fy, jk"Vªh; lq/kkj dk;ZØe dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gSA Hkkjr esa dk;ZØe ftu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djrk gS] muesa ls dbZ vU; ns'kksa ds leku gSaA –f"Vdks.k] j.kuhfr vkSj dk;kZUo;u dk rjhdk fHkUu gks ldrk gS ysfdu blls tqM+k fotu leku jgrk gSA bUgsa lka>k djuk var–Zf"V çnku dj ldrk gS vkSj Ø‚l&yfuaZx vkSj dk;ZØe esa vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, ,d çkjafHkd fcanq ds :i esa dk;Z dj ldrk gSA
Hkkjr nqfu;k ds lcls cM+s ns'kksa esa ls ,d gS tgka HkkSxksfyd vkSj lkaL—frd nksuksa –f"V ls fofo/k vkcknh gSA lg&vfLrRo dh fopkj/kkjk us Hkkjr dks nqfu;k dh lcls thoar lH;rkvksa esa ls ,d cuk fn;kA yxHkx 1]000 fefy;u dh vkcknh ds lkFk]
Hkkjr phu ds ckn nqfu;k dk nwljk lcls vf/kd vkcknh okyk ns'k gSA 29 jkT;ksa] 594 ftyksa ds lkFk] Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa yxHkx vk/ks fefy;u LFkkuh; Lo&ljdkjh laLFkku gSaA
bls ns[krs gq,] Hkkjr esa lkoZHkkSfed :i ls lqjf{kr is;ty vkSj LoPNrk lqfo/kk,a çnku djuk ,d pqukSrh jgh gSA 2001 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj] ns'k dh dqy tula[;k ds dsoy 36-4 çfr'kr yksxksa ds ?kjksa esa 'kkSpky; FksA xzkeh.k bykdksa esa ;g vkSj Hkh de
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 02, (IC-IMAF-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-II, January 2023 197
;kuh 21-9 çfr'kr Fkk] vkSj blesa ls dsoy 7-1 çfr'kr ?kjksa esa 'kkSpky; ds lkFk 'kkSpky; gSA blds vykok] dsoy 34-2 çfr'kr ?kjksa esa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vif'k"V ty fuiVku ds fy, ty fudklh dh lqfo/kk FkhA gkykafd] fiNys dqN o"kksaZ esa fLFkfr esa lq/kkj gqvk gS vkSj xzkeh.k LoPNrk dk nk;jk c<+k gS] tks gky ds vuqekuksa ds vuqlkj yxHkx 35 çfr'kr gSA blh rjg] ikuh vkSj LoPNrk lqfo/kkvksa ds vi;kZIr mi;ksx vkSj [kjkc LoPNrk çFkkvksa us ,slh pqukSfr;ksa dh xaHkhjrk dks c<+k fn;k gSA ;g jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k] 1999 esa çdkf'kr 54osa nkSj esa bafxr fd;k x;k gS] ftlus xzkeh.k vkcknh esa mi;ksx O;ogkj dks dsoy 17-5 çfr'kr rd lhfer fn[kk;kA LoPNrk dojst dh ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk ?kjsyw 'kkSpky; mi;ksx esa cM+s iSekus ij varj&jkT;h; vlekurk jgh gSA ,d rjQ dsjy vkSj vle esa dojst vkSj bLrseky cgqr vPNk jgk gS ;kuh Øe'k% 81 Qhlnh vkSj 60 QhlnhA nwljh vksj] mM+hlk esa ;g 8 çfr'kr ls Hkh de jgh gSA
[kqys esa 'kkSp çeq[k ekunaM cuk gqvk gS vkSj Hkkjr esa yksxksa ds LokLF; ds fy, lcls cM+s [krjksa esa ls ,d gSA vuqeku crkrs gSa fd Hkkjr dh yxHkx 65 çfr'kr vkcknh vHkh Hkh [kqys esa 'kkSp djrh gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i çfr fnu 200]000 ehfVªd Vu ey dk Hkkj gksrk gS] tks feêh vkSj ty fudk;ksa esa viuk jkLrk [kkst ysrk gS]
ftlls os jksxtudksa ls nwf"kr gks tkrs gSaA [kqys esa 'kkSp dh çFkk ikjaifjd O;ogkj iSVuZ vkSj LokLF; [krjksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk dh deh ls çcy gksrh gSA lkFk gh] LoPNrk lqfo/kkvksa ds laHkkfor LokLF; vkSj ifj.kkeh vkfFkZd ykHkksa ds ckjs esa cgqr de tkx:drk gSA ;g xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa feêh vkSj ty tfur jksxksa ds mPp çlkj ds ihNs ,d çeq[k dkjd gSA fo'o LokLF; laxBu ¼MCY;w,pvks½ }kjk Hkh pqukSrh dh Hk;kogrk dks js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gS] ftlesa dgk x;k gS fd ns'k esa lHkh chekfj;ksa dk yxHkx 80 çfr'kr lqjf{kr ikuh vkSj LoPNrk dh deh tSls nLr] gStk] eysfj;k vkfn gSaA ;g LoPNrk laca/kh chekfj;ksa ds dkj.k 180 fefy;u ekuo&fnol dh okf"kZd gkfu vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dks 12 fcfy;u #i;s dk ladsr nsrk gSA
blfy,] pqukSfr;ka cgqr cM+h vkSj i;kZIr gSaA tgka rd Ldwyksa dk loky gS] Hkkjr esa Ldwy tkus okys cPpksa dh lcls cM+h la[;k gS] [kkldj xzkeh.k bykdksa esaA okLro esa]
Hkkjr esa çkFkfed f'k{kk ç.kkyh Ng lkS rhl gtkj ¼630]000½ ls vf/kd çkFkfed vkSj mPp xzkeh.k çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa] 3 fefy;u ls vf/kd f'k{kdksa vkSj 100 fefy;u ls vf/kd cPpksa ¼NBk vf[ky Hkkjrh;½ ds lkFk nqfu;k esa lcls cM+h gSA f'k{kk losZ{k.k]
1993&94½A Hkkjr esa 500]000 ls vf/kd ,dh—r cky fodkl lsok dsaæ ¼vkbZlhMh,l½ gSa tks 6 eghus ls 5 o"kZ dh vk;q ds 18 fefy;u ls vf/kd cPpksa dks LokLF;] iks"k.k vkSj xSj&vkSipkfjd çh&Ldwy lsokvksa dk iSdst çnku djrs gSaA fo'ks"k :i ls ukekadu ds ekeys esa mPp Lrj dh fofo/krk gS] mnkgj.k ds fy, dqN jkT;ksa esa cPpksa dk ukekadu yxHkx 100 izfr”kr gS] vkSj lexz lk{kjrk 80 izfr”kr ls Åij gSA vU; jkT;ksa esa]
cPpksa dk çkFkfed ukekadu yxHkx 60 izfr”kr gS vkSj dqy lk{kjrk 40 izfr”kr ls de gSA
,d vU; eqík fo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lHkh Ldwyksa esa lqjf{kr is;ty vkSj LoPNrk lqfo/kkvksa dh deh gS] tks fpark dk fo"k; jgk gSA NBs vf[ky Hkkjrh; 'kSf{kd losZ{k.k] 1993&94 ds vuqlkj] 6-3 yk[k çkFkfed vkSj mPp çkFkfed xzkeh.k fo|ky;ksa esa
VOLUME: 10, Special Issue 02, (IC-IMAF-2023) Paper id-IJIERM-X-II, January 2023 198
ls dsoy 44 çfr'kr esa ty vkiwfrZ dh lqfo/kk gS] 19 çfr'kr esa ew=ky; vkSj 8 çfr'kr esa 'kkSpky; dh lqfo/kk gSA dsoy 19 çfr'kr esa vyx ew=ky; vkSj 4 çfr'kr esa yM+fd;ksa ds fy, 'kkSpky; dh lqfo/kk gSA gkykafd] gky ds vuqekuksa ls irk pyrk gS fd Ldwyksa dh la[;k ds lkFk&lkFk ikuh vkSj LoPNrk lqfo/kkvksa ds dojst esa o`f) gqbZ gSA lHkh Jsf.k;ksa ds xzkeh.k Ldwyksa dh la[;k nl yk[k ls vf/kd gks xbZ gS] ftuesa ls 45-9 izfr”kr fcuk 'kkSpky; ds gSa vkSj dsoy 17-3 izfr”kr ikuh dh vkiwfrZ ds fcuk gSa]
tSlk fd ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gSA
1. vYykch] ,eA ¼2015½A ekSle vkSj tyok;q dk fo'odks'kA o‚Y;we 1 vkSj 2A fook cqd çkbosV fyfeVsM] ubZ fnYyhA
2. Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky;ksa dk la?kA ¼2012½A ;wfuoflZVh U;wt&9 ls p;u% Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k f'k{kk]
ubZ fnYyhA
3. ,suh vukLrklh] ¼2016½A euksoSKkfud ijh{k.kA eSdfeyu ifCy'klZ] U;w;‚dZA
4. vjd‚Q] vcsA ¼2018½ lek;kstu vkSj ekufld LokLF;A eSd xzk&fgy cqd daiuh] yanuA
5. ckank ds] ljdkj vkj] xksiky ,l] xksfoanjktu ts] gfjtu ch ch] t;dqekj ,ech] cyjkt ohA xzkeh.k nf{k.kh Hkkjr esa ty çca/ku] LoPNrk vkSj 'kkSp çFkk,a% ,d Kku] –f"Vdks.k vkSj vH;kl v/;;uA Vª‚fidy esfMflu ,aM gkbthu 2017 dh j‚;y lkslkbVh ds ysunsu; 101¼11½%
1124&&1130A
6. Hkjr ch /kjA ¼2012½A ^^Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k f'k{kk% fLFkfr vkSj j.kuhfr;k¡^^A m"kk jk; usxh] ¼laik-
½] lsysD'ku Ý‚e ;wfuoflZVh U;wt&9% ,uok;juesaVy ,tqds'ku bu bafM;kA ,lksfl,'ku v‚Q bafM;u ;wfuoflZVht] ubZ fnYyhA
7. pVthZ] ,l- ¼2020½- fetksje ,ulkbDyksihfM;k% o‚Y;weA eSa] f}rh;] vkSj r`rh;A tSdks ifCyf'kax gkml] fnYyhA
8. dksy] , vkSj fcxsyks] dsMCY;w ¼2016½A Fkhfll ys[ku dk ,d eSuqvyA d‚Leks çdk'ku] ubZ fnYyhA
9. pkSgku] ,l,l ¼2013½A mUur 'kSf{kd euksfoKkuA fodkl ifCyf'kax gkml fyfeVsM] ubZ fnYyhA
10. nsc ,l] nÙkk ,l] nklxqIrk ,] feJk vkjA iks"k.k vkSj #X.krk çksQkby ds lkFk O;fäxr LoPNrk dk laca/k% nf{k.k dksydkrk esa çkFkfed Ldwyh cPpksa ds chp ,d v/;;uA bafM;u tuZy v‚Q dE;qfuVh esfMflu 2010] 35¼2½%280&& 284-
11. Msxfcz;y ts] dsLV th] elqdok lhA Ldwyksa ds fy, j.kuhfrd LoPNrk vkSj LoPNrk lao/kZu dk ewY;kadu ik;yV çkstsDV% u[kr cs vkSj dklqaxq ftykA fyyksaXos] eykoh% ;wfulsQA 2014-
