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ACTIVITY TO ENHANCE ECONOMIC SELF-
RELIANCE OF LAO WOMEN IN VIENTIANE CAPITAL , LAO PEOPLE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Mrs. Ninpaseuth Xayaphonesy
1, Dr. Patthira Phon – Ngam
21Ph.D. student in Regional Development Strategies. Loei Rajabhat University, Thailand
2Chair of Doctoral Degree Program. Loei Rajabhat University, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to study on activity to enhance economic self-reliance of Lao Women in Vientiane Capital , Lao People Democratic Republic , The targeted groups were women from Vientiane Capital , Lao PDR, which consisted of Villages, and its was 15 people from 20 villages, and total 300 people, the research was used qualitative approaches and supported analyses key information from the targeted groups , comprised of the focus group discussion, data collection, in-depth interviews, and used the questionnaires for analyses . The results of these study found that there were multiple forms activities to enhance women’s economic self-reliance of Lao Women namely : 1) training on micro-credit, 2) to enhance vocational trainings, 3) training on capacity building on family economic creations, 4) to promote vocational training on careers, 5) to promote SME trading and 6) establishment the village fund.
Keyword:Capacity Building on Self-Reliance
,
Development of Lao WomenI Backgound
Lap People Democratice Republic (Lao PDR ) has population about 6,7 million people , which female is consisted of 50% , Lao PDR has about 17 provinces and on e capital , 148 districts and 8,625 villages. In 2016 there was about 47 districts still poor and 200 villages are suffering with poor conditions owing to majority of the people still living with low incomes generations. Lao population have engaged with agriculture 80% and live in rural areas and practice with agricultural as the main occupation of population and 70% of these population are females living with poverty , and female 65 % have practiced with individual and do productive works with unpaid cost for their labor in addition male have only 35% have practiced with productive work in community. Women role is very important in terms of making contributions to the social economic development of the community and nation wide.
Female are the main labor for the productive work some times the paid receiving unequal as the men.
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The culture have continues to impact of social life of female that female have heritage the respectful of the family by doing and listening what ever the family teach ( Lamthong Phanthalivan 2551:4 ) , it because of the culture and traditional norm make female to face with family burdens and continue to assist the family and look after the aging parents , more over when the family need to improve the economic status all the tasks to make it happening will be long to the female solders, the economic orientation has made the people suffer not only to build well beaning of the family to be self reliance on the economic and social as well , in this connection female are working very hard , no time for self development , economic orientations have made the people to attach in to more development or working more harder in order to bring the gape of the economic barrier of the family and community ( Harthip Kai Thid 2546: 14 ) . in the Law on Women protection and Development 2014 , the Lao Women’s Union ( LWU) has approved that female have 4 areas of concerned in development in Laos namely ; 1 emotional development, development in education, development in labor skills and good in income generation. The government of Laos has targeted that to bring the county out of the poverty by making more constrictive and concreted in the economic development of the nation ( Ministry of Planning and investment 2015 )
Currently Lao women have more role in the family some of them are the head of the family , if we look as the data there are about 95 % of the households that women paly a role as the head of the family in Laos , women have stronger role in the family management and it also contribute to community and national development , women are educate the children 70% in family without any payments , 35% of female are engaged with their own small business , female business not height any labors or assistants. More over Lao women work hard and work more then men in the family. Female work about 7 hours per day however male work only 5-7 hours per day
So if the economic grouwing it will impact on women liflihood owning to female are more repsonsible ifor family afaires, female will work hard to eran more income genegrations into family in order to gain more fund secured for the family livelihood and education fee of families member , in roder to assist female to be out of these burneses it only to enhance economic self-reliance in order to assist them be able to negotiate and provide more opportunity for the to access to the sustainable development on economic and social norms as well
The women development will be contributed to social economic and it will be sustained for national wide , women have more opportunity in development , sills , including the fund secured and women have more economic self confidential. As the Chinese leaders dais that women holding haft of the sky and former president of Lao PDR Mr Kai Son Phoum Vi Han said that if the development with out women development , means that development of the nation has haft way only completed
From above motioned have made the researcher and department of the women in development, LWU are interesting in conducting the study on activity to enhance economic self-reliance of Lao. This study will look at the key elements including the policy and programmes and projects concerned on women in development and obstacles and limitations, situations and issues in the females livelihood including the initiatives, activities forms of the economic reliance of women, more over these study will look at the acidities forms and details of the preferences on the women self reliance in the economic and development of Lao women in Vientiane capital of Laos. This study will look at the specific areas of concerned on the women occupied with the careers and all forms of the activities to
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enhance women participating in development process in communities and the families. It will also college all information regarding to the programmes and project support the women in targeted areas which assist women more in reliance in order to encourage and provide more information to local authority to gain more support and comprehensive cooperation from all sectors in Vientiane Capital. It will help women participation to all processes of the planning and receive all information regarding to the careers identification. It will also assist women gain more income generation and bring all of them of the poverty
The research team need to focus on o this study in order to help LWU to study main key elements such the women situation , policy , programmes, projects and all forms activities to enhance women participating the self reliance economic , more over this study will look at livelihood of the people relating to economic self reliance and empowerment women in families and communities in 9 districts , 18 villages Vientiane capital , Lao PDR especially
The study will colleges all information and key elements concerned on women empwoement including details of specific actvities to support women a alying with pilote of the projects and outcomes of thsi study will be responded to the research team ohow to use this as oustanding cases to conitnue with publication for women empowerment and women development susutainalibilty.
II
Study Objective
2.1 To look at the current situation and obstacle issues for activities to enhance women self reliance in economic 2.2 To build the pilot forms of the activities to promote women self reliance in economic development
III Targeted groups
3.1 The main targeted groups to these study will be selected from women groups which have the activities to promote women self reliance in economic development
3.2 The targeted group will have in deep interview and experience people will be nominee as the interviewee in cluding women from concerend sectors and villages as well.
3.3 The participants to the groups discussion will from business ownerships and relevant sectors from districts , including women from targeted communities.
IV
Study Result
4.1 The Form Models on relevant activities to enhance women self reliance will be approved be
4.2 The general activities for women empowerment will use as the pilot and it will able to contribute to women minestrone planning in other communities
4.3 The main concept these study will used to build the women capacity and women empowerment in other communities.
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4.4 The targeted districts and communities will have the baseline information regarding to the details of all forms activities in order to assist women self reliance in economic.
V REVIEW LITERATURE
Economic theory suggest that when gender gaps in economic opportunity exist , the quality and quantity of the labor supple is distorted and inefficient which affects productivity and economic growth . Many studies have found that gender gaps in activity enhancement and entrepreneurship ( women owned business of self employment ) restrict overall economic growth (Klugman, J., & Morton, M. (2013b) Studies also find that gender gaps in education and employment negatively affect economic growth.
Women do a disproportionate share of care work and household production in virtually every country ( Samman et la 2016 Santos, F. J., Roomi, M. A., & Liñán, F. (2016a) this problem is particular acute in low and middle income countries because the absence of labor saving devices, In addition although women who work for pay do less care work and households production , the difference in unpaired work between women who work for pay and those who do not is commensurable ( Rost , Bates and Dellepiane 2015) . Therefor women who work for pay end up doing more overall work than men or women who no work for pay.
According to the Kabeer ( 1999) empowerment is about the ability to make strategy Life Choices and
constitutes three dimensions See and achievements in order to catch well-being outcomes Resources agency and achievements and not just access for empowerment activity But it is also a great that certain scheme interests of the Empire women just as decision- making, Self confidence, self esteem are very difficult to measure ( Chereston and Kuhn 2002)
According to UNFEM (2000) women's empowerment consists of the paintings the ability to generate choices and exercise beginning power developing a sense of self-worth a belief in one's ability to Sakura dessert change and the rise to the controls one life
Empowerment is the process of the increase in the capacities of individuals or groups to make a choice and transform Choice into the server its actions and outcomes. The central this process are actions that both that individual and collective assets and improve the efficiency and fairness of the organization and institutions context which govern the use of these assets (Meg, J. (2012b)
To focus on the women’s empowerment in the context of the enhancing activities for self reliance on economic empowerment brings to light the significant of the gender relations in the policy development circles more
prominently than ever before . Women are vaunted as a weapon against poverty (De Vita, L., Mari, M. m. m. u. i.,
& Poggesi, S. 2014)
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Cornwall and Edward ( 2010) women empowerment is heralded as a means that can produces extraordinary ends
…. Their empowerment extolled as the solution to a host of entrenched social and economic problem The predominant image of empowerment in development is that of women gaining materials means to empower themes as individuals and putting this to service of their families and communities. This primarily because empowerment is understood in relation to deliberate and planned interventions such as electoral quotas , education , economic employments initiative legislative changes and none governmental public action the alternative perspective empathies that women empowerment emerges 1) as the results of cultural, economic and other changes such as the availability of new technologies in their lives ( e.g mobile phones and satellite television ) 2) as the women current opportunities and constraints and 3 ) as a process in time across generations ( Cornwall and Edwards 2010 ). Since the context of women life mattes and the same interventions as not effectives everywhere , most of the policies remain ineffective ( Abdullah, Aisha and King 2010 Sardenberg 2010 a) , The experiences of empowerment and disempowerments are related not just to materials means an interventions , but also to social relationships (Bonnan- White, J., Hightower, A., & Issa, A. (2013) . Women and men do very different work and especially women are concentrated in industries and occupations that play less and are less valued ( World Bank 2011 ) other reason women and men are concentrated in different occupations include women having access to different networks and information ( GonzÁLez, A. 2016a).
VI Methodology
THe methodoly of these study is consisted of indeep interview forms including questions which seek for the assetment on the activities to ehnace women self reliance in economic development
VII Research Analysis
TH sutry was used the centent analysys
VIII Research Result
The research result had shown that the majority of the women have the low education how more over they get married with yang age some of them have low skills especially in the areas of the financial , micro credit un professional in their careers , some of them are practicing with second occupation for instance small trading , even thought they have not opportunity to access to the financial services, but they have more pianetion and try the best to seek for more opportunity to make their better livelihood , owing to the market orientations has impacted on their live and development is going on faster therefor women have more opportunity to obtain to training activities for better self reliance in economic development namely
1) Trining on saving
2) Voccational training skiils
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3) Training on various careers 4) Training on the small trading 5) Labour skiils traing
6) Establish the saving group activites 7) Trainign on househols accountant 8) Marketing trainings
9) Great the groups on the production 10) Food processing training
11) Marketing trainings
12) Business ownerships trainings 13) Planting Trainings
14) Animal raisings
15) Women Hand made products trainings 16) Women handicrafts trainings
17) Swerving trainings 18) Massage
IX Recommendations
9.1 The result if these study will be innovate and it will have details of the activities to enhance women self in economic key messages about women living in Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR . The result of these study will help to change in to a new arena on how to encourage the planners, decision makers to play more attention in women human development which is not marched in the development environment of women in development
9.2 It will be basic information for the LWU and women organizations in in order to support the action plan on women in development
9.3 The activities to enhance women in development or self reliance , it is reality needed to development of women and empower theme, it can contribute to the concrete plan of actions in to all process of the development . It will make more effectiveness and efficiency in the new development models needed to in reality more over it also provide a good environment for women participation in all spheres
9.4 The study on activities to enhance self reliance of women in economic need to continue owning to if more development on women will be attached the communities to better understanding about women in development all spheres.
10. Recommendation in the future
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10.1 The study on the activity to enhance women self reliance in economic development need to be continue for further aceivement in development , These research will not only support those who are working on the policies creation , planners will ahve more inforamtion relation to relating to more women in development in thr feture 10.2 The outcomes of this study will be a part to continue on women in development
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