Alkyl Halides and Aryl Halides

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Alkyl Halides and Aryl Halides

Dr. Anju Srivastava Dept. of Chemistry

Hindu College Delhi

(29.09.2006)

CONTENTS Alkyl Halides Introduction

Structure of Alkyl Halides

Classification and Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides Preparation of Alkyl Halides

Preparation Method I: Halogenation of Alkanes Mechanism : Free Radical Subtitution Disadvantage of Halogenation Reaction

Halogenation of Higher Alkanes : Chlorination Bromination

Reactions of Methane with Other Halogens

Radical Substitution of Benzylic and Allylic Hydrogens Stereochemistry of Radical Substitution Reactions Preparation Method II : Addition of Halogen Acid To Alkene

Rearrangement of Carbocations

Preparation Method III : Addition of Hbr : Peroxide Effect Preparation Method IV: Addition of Halogen To Alkenes.

Stereochemistry of Addition Of Halogens

Preparation Method V : Reaction Of Alcohols With Hydrogen Halides.

Preparation Method VI : Alkyl Halides From The Reaction Of Alcohols With Phosphorus Trihalides, Thionyl Chlorides, P-Toluenesulphonyl Chloride.

Preparation Method VII: Hunsdiecker or Borodine Hunsdiecker Reaction Preparation Method VIII : Preparation of Alkyl Fluorides And Alkyl Iodides Physical Properties

Reactions of Alkyl Halides Substitution Reactions

S_N2 Reaction

S_N2 Reaction : Mechanism

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Stereochemistry Of S_N2 Reaction Characteristics Of S_N2 Reaction S_N1 Reaction

S_N1 Reaction : Mechanism Stereochemistry Of S_N1 Reaction Characteristics Of S_N1 Reaction

S_N1 Vs. S_N2 : Comparison And Competition Elimination Reactions

Type Of Elimination Reactions

E2 Reaction

Regioselectivity Of E2 Reactions.

E1 Reaction

Rearrangements In E1 Reaction Orientation In E1 Reaction

E1cb Mechanism

Competition Between E2 And E1

Summary Of Reactivity S_N1, S_N2, E1, E2

E1cb Mechanism

Formation of Organo Metallic Compounds Grignard Reagents

Organo Lithium Reagents Reduction of Alkyl Halides

Miscellaneous Reactions ARYL HALIDES Introduction

Bonding In Aryl Halides Preparation Methods

Direct Halogenation Of Benzene

Decomposition of Aryl Diazonium Salts Physical Properties

Reactions of Aryl Halides

Lack of Reactivity For S_N2 and S_N1 Substitution (S_NAR) : Addition - Elimination Mechanism

Elimination Addition Mechanism: Benzyne

Substitution In The Ring : Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Formation of Grignard Reagents

Some More Reactions

Ulmann Reaction

Wurtz Fittig Reaction Hydrogenation

Heck Reaction

POLYHALOALKANES Preparation

Properties And Uses Fluorinated Hydrocarbons

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