AN ANALYTICAL RESEARCH TO IMPROVEMENT IN CONDENSER MATERIAL AND REFRIGERANT FOR A VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION
Syed Rameez,
M.Tech, Student, RKDF College of Technology, Bhopal Rajneesh Gedam
Prof., RKDF College of Technology, Bhopal 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System
The fume refrigeration frameworks now days are generally utilized for universally handy refrigeration. These frameworks are being utilized throughout the previous 100 years however with the advancement in plan of blowers and a speed up have expanded its economy from the most recent couple of many years as it were.
It is for the most part utilized for all mechanical purposed from a little homegrown unit of 0.5 ton ability to a cooling plant of film corridor of 200 tons limit. In a fume pressure refrigeration framework, fume then again goes through a difference in stage from fume to fluid and fluid to fume during the fulfillment of a cycle. The dormant warmth of vaporization is used for conveying enormous sum heat from the refrigerator.
In such frameworks, the substances utilized don't leave the plant yet are flowed through the framework then again in the wake of gathering and re-vanishing. During dissipating, it ingests its inert warmth from the brackish water which is utilized for circling around the virus chamber. In gathering, it gives out its dormant warmth to the circling water of the cooler, the machine, in this way known as inert warmth siphon.
It assimilates its inert warmth from the saline solution and gives out in the condenser. Condensers and refrigerants are considered as most significant necessicities of fume pressure refrigeration framework, as they are answerable for heat conveying and dissemination to the air. In present examination work, correlation of various refrigerants and distinctive condenser materials of a condenser of standard length is focused by contrasting warm properties, heat transition and temperature slope.
The materials for condenser are copper, aluminum, and aluminum 6061,
and the refrigerants utilized are R502, R12, R022, R-404, HFC134a, and HFC152a. For this reason, approach of displaying and recreation are done in ANSYS reproduction programming. The hypothetical model utilized for this reason if k-ε model.
1.2 Concluding Remarks
The part tells about early on parts of examination work; subtleties of writing and scholastic perspectives are depicted in impending sections.
2. NOTEWORTHY ISSUES 2.1 Refrigeration
The American Society of Refrigerating Engineers characterizes refrigeration as the study of giving and keeping up temperatures underneath that of environmental factors climate. This suggests the advancement of temperature differentials instead of the foundation of a given temperature level.
The study of refrigeration uses a few techniques for giving temperature differential. They shift from the straightforwardness of the spring house where cool after eliminates heat from the warm new milk, to the intricate apparatus needed for the assembling of frozen yogurt or the creation of impressively low temperature.
In days of yore, common ice as utilized for refrigeration purposes which was very awkward and deficient for an enormous prerequisites. The various strategies are created over the most recent hundred years and now there are various uses of refrigeration in our day by day life just as in numerous businesses.
2.2 Vapor Compression Refrigeration System
The schematic perspective on the framework is appeared in Figure 2.1. All
the chief parts are appeared in the graph, and way of the refrigerant stream is additionally appeared on the outline. The pressing factor is kept up at various levels in two pieces of the framework by the development valve is to permit the fluid refrigerant compelled to pass at a controlled rate into the low pressing factor part of the framework.
A portion of the fluid vanishes going through the extension valve, yet more noteworthy part is disintegrated in the evaporator at low pressing factor (low temperature). The fluid refrigerant ingests its dormant warmth of vaporization from
the air, water or other material, which is being cooled.
The capacity of the blower is to build the pressing factor and temperature of the refrigerant above air which will be prepared to scatter its latent4heat in the condenser. In going through the condenser, the refrigerant surrenders the warmth which ingested in the evaporator in addition to what might be compared to the work done upon it by the blower. This warmth is moved to the air or water which is utilized as cooling medium in the condenser.
Figure 1 Schematic View of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System (Domkundwar, p. 4.5)
2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Cooled Condensers Over Water Cooled Condensers
Details of advantages of air cooled condensers over water cooled condensers are presented as follows:-
1. Simplicity in construction;
2. No handling problems;
3. Piping arrangement for carrying the air is not required;
4. There is no problem of disposal of used air;
5. Fouling effects are very less compared with water;
6. Installation and maintenance costs are considerably less; and 7. High flexibility.
The disadvantages are listed below:- 1. Poor heat carrying capacity;
2. It requires very large quantity of air as 300m3 per ton of refrigeration per hour;
3. These condensers are seldom used for refrigeration units over 5 tons
capacity because power required to drive the fan becomes excessive and fans noise becomes obctionable;
4. The major disadvantage associated with this type of condenser is that the condenser gives lowest capacity when the outside air temperature is highest and this is usually the time when greatest capacity is required; and
5. Air cooled condensers operate at a greatest condensing temperature therefore, the refrigeration system delivers15-20% lower capacity.
2.4 Other Properties
Other desired properties of an ideal refrigerant are presented as follows:-
1. Odour:- Smell might make favorable element or an inconvenience should a refrigerant. Dissimilar smell of the refrigerant aides previously, identifying those spill of the
refrigerant. Portion refrigerants hosting particular odours ruin the refrigerated results when they come in contact for them.
Refrigerants hosting aggravating odours cause alarm cerebral pain of the people. A few eatables Likewise meat spread hich would very delicate on odours lose their taste the point when uncovered with ammodytidae and sulphur- dioxide. Previously, little concentrations, ammodytidae need a pleasant smell Anyhow it gets aggravating with an expand for centralization. Sulphur-dioxide need overwhelming aggravating also disagreeable smell indeed going with verwoerd little focuses.
Methyl Furthermore ethylene chlorides bring sweet smell and it is non-irritating. Those Freons 11, 12, 22, and 113 would pretty much odorless.
2. Leak-Tendency:- Those spillage of thre refrigerant outside those framework alternately spillage of the air inside the framework may be because of those opening in the joining alternately flaws over material utilized for development.
The propensity alternately spillage may be a greater amount predominant previously, high point side; a thick liquid need fewer inclinations with spill over bring down thickness fluild. The plausibility from claiming spillage is that's only the tip of the iceberg for helter skelter release weight also low thickness refrigerant. The spill about ammodytidae might be distinguished effortlessly eventually its smell. Those whole Freon charge might spill unnoticed in light every last bit refrigerants from claiming Freon one assembly is scentless. With beat this difficulty, electronic spill detectors are by utilized within huge refrigeration plants.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
Sowjanya (2013) In the investigate work, warm conduct for framework comprising of a absorption framework getting force from debilitate gas starting with a ic
engine, of a ordinary traveler will be focused on. Those experimentation may be directed with respect to Pro/E demonstrating software, warm conduct technique will be recognized utilizing ANSYS.
Walawade et al. (2013) The investigate fill in focuses the idea about waste high temperature recuperation framework for Domesticated refrigerating system, and endeavors to utilize those heat getting squandered starting with condenser of the fridge.
The analyst’s anxiety on the utilization of waste heat from clinched alongside vast number for modern provisions. That study indicates the specialized foul possibility Furthermore investment viability for such a system, toward those same time promoters to its low constructional, maintenance, running cosset.
Shivkumar and Hebbal (2013) Those examination fill in displays the idea from claiming scientific demonstrating for figuring out the stream qualities of refrigerant inside An straight slim tube acknowledging adiabatic stream under account, means at foreseeing the period of the straight slim tube to distinguished impostor stream rate.
In the Examine work, refrigerant R-12 may be utilized within the straight slim tubes of diameters 1.17mm, 1.41mm. To following step, examination from claiming outcomes the middle of scientific model, model produced ahead ANSYS CFX is conveyed out which indicates the concurrence of outcomes utilizing both those methodologies.
4. SOLUTION METHODOLOGY
The following points describe the setup and solution steps used in ANSYS.
1. Preparation;
2. Creating a Fluent Fluid Flow Analysis System in ANSYS Workbench;
3. Creating the Geometry in ANSYS Design Modeler;
4. Meshing the Geometry in the ANSYS Meshing Application;
5. Setting Up the CFD Simulation in ANSYS Fluent;
6. Displaying Results in ANSYS Fluent and CFD-Post;
7. Duplicating the Fluent-Based Fluid Flow Analysis System;
8. Changing the Geometry in ANSYS Design Modeler;
9. Updating the Mesh in the ANSYS Meshing Application;
10. Calculating a New Solution in ANSYS Fluent; and
11. Comparing the Results of both systems in CFD-Post.
ANSYS CFD bundle incorporates solvers that faultlessly mimic conduct of the wide extend about streams that particular architects experience every day—starting with new toning should non-Newtonian, from single-phase to multi-phase, and from subsonic on hypersonic. Each solver is exceedingly robust, great tested, approved and optimized to quick reenactment period.
The long haul tried and only a single environment, those exceptionally effective solvers convey both precision speeds. To deeper knowledge—for example, making educated choices
regarding little alterations that yield vast execution upgrades—person might build that granularity of the dissection.
Such enhanced determination obliges a greater amount computational assets also parallel registering. Familiar need a record from claiming remarkable parallel scalability, going from two processors will thousands, giving the scientists high-vitality material science brings about those most brief could be allowed run through.
5. CASE STUDY
5.1 Solution of the Model
After formulation of model, its solution was derived. For this purpose, first of all meshing of the model was carried out.
With the help of meshing, a body can be made deformable due to which, it can show changes in its properties, dimensions, stress levels, etc. Figure 4.2 shows the mesh diagram for the condenser.
Figure 2. Mesh structure of Condenser Coil In next step values of heat flux and
thermal gradient for different combinations of materials and
refrigerants were calculated. For this purpose, based on literature survey, following parameters were used.
Table 1. Parameters used in finding values of Heat Flux and Thermal Gradient
S. No Parameter Value
1. Type of load Thermal
2. Area temperature 313k
3. Bulk temperature 303k
4. Temperature gradient type Vector sum
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6.1 Preamble
Available single section may be committed to outcomes and examinations around the investigate worth of effort. Those subtle elements of the comes about obtained, Furthermore dialog produced on the
premise about yielded outcomes are introduced done succeeding sections.
6.2 Results
Following are the results obtained from calculations for thermal gradient.
Cu-R502 Cu-R012
(a) Cu- R22 (b) Cu-R404
(c) Cu-134a (d) Cu-152a
Figure 3. Thermal Gradients for Cu
Al6061-R502 Al6061-R012
(a) Al6061-R22 (b) Al6061-R404
(c) Al6061-134a (d) Al6061-152a
Figure 4. Thermal Gradients for Al6061
Al-R502 Al-R012
Table 2 shows the summary of results obtained for thermal gradients.
Table 2. Thermal Gradient Values (in e+0.003) S. No. Material Refrigerant
R502 R12 R022 R404 R134a R152A 1. Al 3.963 1.066 4.000 3.325 2.926 3.043 2. Al6061 3.226 2.943 4.283 3.933 3.661 1.256 3. Cu 5.849 4.528 4.284 3.370 4.003 1.256 Following are the results obtained from calculations for heat fluxes.
Cu-R502 Cu-R012
(a) Al-R22 (b) Al-R404
(c) Al-134a (d) Al-152a
Figure 5. Thermal Gradients for Al
(a) Cu-R22 (b) Cu-R404
(c) Cu-134a (d) Cu-152a
Figure 6. Heat Fluxes for Cu
Al6061-R502 Al6061-R012
(a) Al6061-R22 (b) Al6061-R404
(c) Al6061-134a (d) Al6061-152a
Figure 7. Heat Fluxes for Al6061
Al-R502 Al-R012
(a) Al-R22 (b) Al-R404
Table 3 shows the summary of results obtained for heat fluxed.
Table 3. Heat flux Values (in e+0.002)
S. No Material Refrigerant
R502 R12 R22 R404 R134a R152A 1. Al 1.999 1.444 4.164 1.88 1.832 2.909 2. Al6061 2.896 1.934 2.589 2.322 2.035 1.866 3. Cu 2.704 1.743 8.219 2.035 1.557 3.846
Following is the summary of thermal gradient and heat flux calculations, along with the type of refrigerant.
1. Thermal Gradient Results (based on rankings of refrigerant):
Cu>Al6061>Al;
2. Heat Flux Results (based on rankings of refrigerant):
Cu>Al6061>Al;
3. Thermal Gradient Results with Refrigerants: R502>R12>R22>
R134a>R404>R152a; and
4. Heat Flux Results with Refrigerants:
R22>R152a>R502>R404>
R134a>R12.
6.3 Discussion
Outcomes indicate that diverse refrigerants hint at different property values looking into diverse criteria. At warm gradient effects need aid analyzed, R502 indicates the greatest execution R152a hint at base execution. At to the same refrigerants would acknowledge to high temperature flux criteria, R502 scores rank 3 the place as R152 scores rank 2. R12 scores rank 2 to warm
gradient Furthermore rank 6 to high temperature flux.
Recognizing heat flux, R22 demonstrates greatest execution while the same refrigerant indicates rank 3 ahead warm gradient criteria. R404 scores rank 4 ahead heat flux criteria and rank 5 with respect to warm gradient criteria, while R134a reveals to rank 4 once warm gradient criteria Also rank 5 with respect to heat flux criteria. Acknowledging those positioning for condenser materials, methodology for tedium rankings is, no doubt received.
Acknowledging warm gradient criteria, copper favors, three rankings for refrigerants (R502, R12 Also R134a0, Al6061 favors for two rankings from claiming refrigerants (R22 Also R404) and aluminum favors to absolute rank (R152a), inasmuch as acknowledging high temperature flux criteria it cam wood a chance to be seen that every last one of three materials, offer two rankings every.
Acknowledging those repeatability of rankings, rankings about materials may be refined. In turn thing, which might be watched is that copper need
(c) Al-134a (d) Al-152a
Figure 8. Heat Fluxes for Al
demonstrated most extreme qualities for heat flux warm gradient criteria, Also aluminum need demonstrated least values for the same criteria. In light of the properties obtained, copper need scored primary rank, Al6061 need scored second rank, aluminum need scored third rank.
7. CONCLUSION
Available exploration fill in is dedicated with determination from claiming enhanced condenser material and refrigerant to a vapor layering refrigeration framework. In the investigate work, three separate materials to condensers, namely, aluminum, aluminum 6061 alloy, and copper were acknowledged. In the same time, six distinctive sorts for refrigerants namely, R502, R012, R022, R404, R152a, and R134a were tried to investigative two parameters namely, warm gradient, and high temperature flux.
Emulating are those finishes drawn starting with the Scrutinize work:-
1. Copper offers greatest high temperature flux warm gradient.
2. R502 offers greatest warm gradient;
Also.
3. Refrigerant R022 scores greatest heat flux.
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