Genesis and Evolution of Pharmacy: History of Pharmacy, origin and development of Pharmacopoeia, History of Ayurveda, salient features of IP, USP and BP. Principles involved and procedures adopted in the distribution of the following classes of preparations. i) Mixtures (ii) Solutions (iii) Emulsions (iv) Powders (v) Lotions and liniments (vi) Ointments (vii) Suspensions (viii). Definition of the following preparations such as creams, capsules, pastes, jellies, suppositories, suppositories, tablets, pills, inhalations, paints, sprays and tablet triturates.
Course Objectives: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge about the structure and functions of the human body. The overall anatomy and physiology of organ systems and their coordination are covered. Course outcome: Describe the structure and functions of various organs of the human body and mechanisms in maintaining normal functioning and disease state are known. Elementary tissues of the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue, their subtypes and characteristics.
Digestive system: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract, functions of its various parts, various digestive tract secretions and their role in absorption and digestion of food, peptisulcus, ulcerative colitis, liver disorder. In view of the growing importance of English as a tool for global communication and the resulting emphasis on training students to acquire language skills, the syllabus of English is designed to develop linguistic and communicative skills of Engineering students.
Writing Skills
NOTE: The students will be trained in reading skills using the prescribed texts for detailed study. They will be tested on reading comprehension of different 'invisible' passages that can be taken from authentic texts, such as magazine/newspaper articles.
Objectives
To develop an awareness in the students about writing as an exact and formal skill
To create an awareness in students about the components of different forms of writing, beginning with the lower order ones through;
Text Books
Note: Listening and speaking skills are covered in the syllabus of ELCS Lab
UNIT –I
Reading: Double Angels by David Scott-Reading and its importance- Techniques for effective reading- Signal words- Exercises for practice. Writing: Sentence writing- Techniques for Effective Writing-- Paragraph writing- Types, structure and characteristics of a paragraph- Coherence and cohesion: logical, lexical and grammatical devices- Exercises for practice.
UNIT –II
UNIT –III
UNIT –IV
Exercises from both the texts not prescribed shall be used for classroom tasks
DISPENSING AND GENERAL PHARMACY LAB
Dispensing procedures involving pharmaceutical calculations, pricing of prescriptions and dosage calculations for paediatric and geriatric patients
Dispensing of prescriptions involving adjustment of tonicity
Categorization and storage of pharmaceutical products based on legal requirements of labelling and storage
Project report on visit to the community pharmacy for Counselling on the rational use of drugs and aspects of health care
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND HELATH EDUCATION - I LAB
21 Experiments)
Study of human skeleton
Study of different systems with the help of charts and models 3. Microscopic study of different tissues
Estimation of Haemoglobin in blood, Determination of bleeding time, clotting time – 3 Experiments
Estimation of W.B.C count – 2 Experiments
Estimation of D.L.C
Recording of body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure, basic understanding of Electrocardiogram-PQRST waves and their significance
Determination of vital capacity, experiments on spirometry 10. Study of reproductive system with the help of charts and models
Various devices used in Family planning like Copper T, Lippers loop, Pills, Diaphragm and Condom
Microscopic studies of abnormal tissue sections
Simple experiments involved in the analysis of normal and abnormal urine; collection of specimen, appearance, determination of pH, sugars, proteins, urea and creatinine
Study of special senses with the help of charts and models References
Elaine N. Marieb, Human Anatomy and Physiology
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I LAB
Introduction to Equipment and Glassware
- Determination of melting point/boiling point by Thiels method
- Determination of Mixed melting point for organic compounds
- Recrystallization (Purification including decolourization) of two organic compounds
- Purification and drying of organic solvents
Preparation of organic compounds (each involving a specific organic reaction covered in theory)
Systematic qualitative Analysis (Identification) of Monofunctional Organic Compounds
- Vogel’s Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5 th Edition
REMEDIAL BIOLOGY LAB
Introduction to simple and compound microscope and their handling 2) Morphological study of various plant parts
Study of histology of monocot root, stem, leaf and dicot root, stem and leaf
Systemic study of representatives of following families: apocyanaceae, solanaceae, three sub families of leguminaceae and liliaceae
Demonstration of various systems of frog
Study of structure of human parasites and insects mentioned in theory with the help of specimen
Microscopic examination of specimens slides related to plant and animal tissues
PHARMACY COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS (2016-17)
I YEAR II SEMESTER
No Course
MC – Mandatory Course
BS201: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Course Objectives: The subject has been designed to make the students understand different categories of inorganic drugs/ compounds which are used as medicinal agents
Course Outcome: The knowledge gained by the student after studying the subject in detailed manner will be applicable to study and understand the concepts for higher classes
UNIT - I
Classification of Inorganic Pharmaceuticals based on their applications and therapeutic uses
Sources of impurities in pharmaceutical substances
Test for purity
Limit tests for arsenic, heavy metals, lead, iron, chloride and sulphate
UNIT - II
Electrolytes
Acid base regulators: Sodium bicarbonate, sodium lactate, sodium citrate/potassium citrate, sodium acetate, and ammonium chloride
Dialysis fluids: Haemodialysis fluids
UNIT - III
Gastro-intestinal agents
Acidifiers and Antacids: Dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium acid phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, aluminium hydroxide gel, dried aluminium hydroxide gel, magnesium
Adsorbents and related drugs: Light kaolin, heavy kaolin, and activated charcoal
Laxatives: Magnesium sulphate, sodium phosphate
Mineral Nutrients / Supplements
Pharmaceutical aids
UNIT - IV
Topical agents
Astringents: Zinc sulphate, calcium hydroxide, Bismuth sub carbonate
Silicone polymers: Activated dimethicone
UNIT - V
Dental products
Fluorides: Sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and stannous fluoride
Oral antiseptics and Astringents: Hydrogen peroxide, magnesium, peroxide, zinc peroxide and mouth washes
Dentifrices: Calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate, calcium phosphate, sodium metaphosphate and strontium chloride
Cements & fillers : Zinc oxide (only uses)
Miscellaneous Medicinal Agents
TEXT BOOKS
Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996, 2006
BS202: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - II
Course Objectives: The organic compounds are classified based on their functional groups and character. The basic principles and mechanisms of different types of organic reactions are
Course Outcome: The detailed study on the mechanisms involved in various reactions would help the students to understand the synthesis of higher organic compounds which would be
Ball & Ball, Advanced pharmaceutical organic chemistry
PS203: PHYSICAL PHARMACY – I
Physical properties of Drug Molecules: Dielectric constant induced polarization, dipole moment, refractive index and molar refraction and optical rotatory dispersion
Ionic equilibria: Modern theories of acids, bases and salts, Sorensen's pH scale, species concentration as a function of pH, calculation of pH and acidity constants
Buffers and buffered isotonic systems: The buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions, methods of adjusting
Patrick J. Sinko, Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fifth Edition
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences
Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia; latest edition, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society
BS204: STATISTICAL METHODS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Course Objectives: The objective of the course, centered around various techniques, collection of data and its treatment; Probability and distribution, correlation, regression and
Course Outcome: At the end of the course the expected outcomes are thorough knowledge of statistical techniques and application of computer in pharmacy
Section - A: Bio-statistics UNIT - I
Probability and Distributions: Bayer’s theorem, probability theorem, elements of binomial and Poisson distribution, normal distribution curve and properties
Design of experiments: Basic concepts of CRD, RBD and Latin square designs
Sampling and Quality Control: Concept of random sampling, statistical QC charts
Section - B: Computer Applications UNIT - IV
Database Management: Concepts and Objectives of database management systems, advantages of the database management systems and examples of DBMS packs (like DBASE
Khan and Khanum, Fundamentals of Biostatistics
PS205: ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION - II
Course Outcomes: Knowledge on structure and functions of various organs of the human body and the interlinked mechanisms in the maintenance of normal functioning (homeostasis)
Autonomic Nervous System: Physiology and functions of autonomic nervous system
Urinary System: Various parts, structures and functions of the kidney and urinary tract
Reproductive Systems: Male and Female reproductive systems and their hormones, physiology of menstruation, Sex differentiation, Pregnancy its maintenance and parturition
Robbins, SL & Kumar, Basic Pathology
Guyton, Textbook of Medical Physiology, AC Guyton WB Sannders Company, 1995
BS206: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
List of experiments
- Chlorides 2. Sulphates
- Arsenic (demonstration)
Balances and Weighing; Calibration of weights, Pipette and Burette
- Preparation and standardization of Hydrochloric acid solution (0.1N)
- Preparation and standardization of Potassium permanganate solution (0.1N & 0.1M)
- Preparation of a primary standard solution of 0.1N Potassium hydrogen-phthalate
- Preparation and standardization of 0.1N EDTA solution
- Preparation and purification of Boric acid
- Preparation and purification of Sodium citrate
- Preparation and purification of Potash alum
- Preparation and purification of Magnesium stearate
- Assay of sodium bicarbonate and assay of Boric acid (Neutralization)
- Assay of Calcium gluconate (or) any calcium compounds (Complexometry)
- Assay of Copper sulphate (Redox titration)
- Assay of Sodium acetate (Non-aqueous titration)
- Assay of Ferrous sulphate (Oxidation-reduction / Redox titration)
- Exercises related to assay by Gravimetric method
NOTE: Minimum 15 experiments must be performed
Indian Pharmacopoeia - 2010
Vogel’s Qualitative Analysis
BS207: STATISTICAL METHODS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS LAB
Operating systems like WINDOWS, UNIX, etc
Software packages like MS-WORD, EXCEL, ACCESS, and POWER POINT
Molecular weight determination by Rast camphor method
Molar refraction determination
Effect of dielectric constant on the solubility of the drug
Phenol water system – CST
Lower consolute temperature – Tirethanol amine and Water 14. Heat of neutralization
Phase diagram - Phenol – Water, Effect of Impurities
Ternary phase diagram
Preparation of Buffers and Buffer Capacity Determination
Physical pharmacy practical text by Guru Prasa Mohanta, Prabal Kumar Manne
PHARMACY COURSE STRUCTURE (2016-17) II YEAR I SEMESTER
II YEAR II SEMESTER
PS301: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - III
Course Objectives: The chemistry of highly complicated organic compounds like polynuclear hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds are discussed along with their
Five membered and six membered ring systems with one hetero atom: Furan, pyrrole, thiophene and pyridine
Fused ring systems with one hetero atom: Indole, quinoline, iso-quinoline, and acridine
A study of the mechanism and application in synthesis of the following named reactions
Beckmann rearrangement 2. Birch reduction
Mannich reaction
Michael addition reaction 5. Wittig reaction
Lossen rearrangement 7. Curtius rearrangement
Solomons, Organic Chemistry
PS302: PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS- I
Course Objectives: The student shall be exposed to various aspects of handling of fluids, application of filtration, centrifugation, crystallization and humidification in pharmaceutical
Perry’s Handbook of Chemical Engineering
Unit Operations by Mc Cabe & Smith
PS303: HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY PHARMACY
Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, the student shall be able to –
Course Outcome: Student will be familiar with the Hospital pharmacy organization, incompatibilities and patient related factors
UNIT – II
- Organisation of drug store, type of materials, stock, storage conditions
- Purchase and Inventory control, principles purchase, procedures, purchase orders, procurement and stocking
- Dispensing of drug to inpatients, Types of drug distribution systems, charging policy, labeling
- Dispensing of drugs to ambulatory patients
- Dispensing of controlled drugs
UNIT - IV. a) Drug information services: Sources of information about drugs, diseases, treatment schedules, information acquisition, computerized services (eg MEDLINE) information retrieval, medication error.
TEXT BOOKS: (latest editions)
Hospital pharmacy by William .E. Hassan
Owunwonne, A Handbook of Radio Pharmaceuticals Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi
PS304: PHARMACOGNOSY – I
Course Outcome: At the end of the semester the student shall be aware of different sources of crude drugs, cultivation aspects of medicinal and aromatic plants, evaluation methods for
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Pub by Govt. of India
PS305: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS –I
Course Objectives: The basic concepts and analytical techniques of various pharmaceuticals are discussed in a detailed manner
Skoog-Instumental Analysis and Skoog fundamentals of analytical Chemistry
Beckett & J.B Stanlake Vol.I&II., Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Athlone Press fra Univ of London Press ved Univ of London.
Chatwal & Anand, Instrumental Methods of Analysis
A.I Vogel, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, ELBS ed
PS306: PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II LAB
Synthesis of some simple heterocyclic compounds
Molecular rearrangements and named reactions
Systematic analysis of organic binary mixtures (Minimum 4 numbers) REFERENCES
- Indian Pharmacopoeia– 2010
PS307: PHARMACOGNOSY – I LAB
Introduction to the materials required for microscopic work, preparation of histological slides and their focusing to obtain the critical illumination with the
Preparation of commonly used reagents in microscopic work
Identification of following cell contents in plant materials by microscopical and microchemical tests: Starch grains in potato, maize, rice and wheat
Identification of following cell contents in plant materials by microscopical and microchemical tests
Mucilage 6. Aleurone grains
Measurement of dimensions of cells and cell contents. Introduction to micrometer and camera lucida (drawing occular).Measurement of dimensions of starch grains in
Identification of cinnamon by measuring the dimensions of starch grains 10. Detection/ identification of Carbohydrates by chemical tests
Detection/ identification of lipids by chemical tests
Isolation of starch from Potato
Determination of Swelling factor in crude drugs
Identification of crude drugs mentioned in the theory by Organoleptic method
Identification test for Tannins
Identification test for Resins
Determination of volatile oils content of Eucalyptus leaf or Fennel by using Clevenger apparatus
Determination of Eugenol content in clove oil and detection by TLC
Kandhelwal, Practical Pharmocognosy
Iyengar, Practial Pharmocognosy
PS308: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS – I LAB
Assay of Pharmaceutical compounds based on chemical methods such as acid base, oxidation-reduction, non-aqueous, complexometric titration method
Conductometric determination of equivalent point of titration of HCI with NaoH
Potentiometric titration of strong Acid vs strong Base
Potentiometric determination of strength of unknown solution and HCL with NaoH
Nephelometric determination of sulphate & chloride
Fluorimetric estimation of quinine sulphate
Polarographic determination of amount of Nitrobenzene in solutions
Flame photometric determination of Sodium and Calcium
Flame photometric determination of Potassium
Determination of refractive index of liquids by Abbe refractometer
Identification of amino acids by paper chromatography(Ascending and Radial) 13. Identification of alkaloids by TLC
Course Objectives
Understanding the importance of ecological balance for sustainable development
Understanding the impacts of developmental activities and mitigation measures
Understanding the environmental policies and regulations Course Outcomes
Based on this course, the Engineering graduate will understand /evaluate / develop technologies on the basis of ecological principles and environmental regulations
Environmental Pollution and Control Technologies: Environmental Pollution
UNIT-V
PS401: PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS – II
Size Separation: Official standards for powders, sieves, modes of motion in size separation
CVS Subhramanyam, Pharmaceutical Engineering
K. Samba Murthy, Pharmaceutical Engineering REFERENCE BOOKS
BS402: BIOCHEMISTRY
Course Objectives: The metabolism of complex biochemical substances are discussed in detail.The Biochemical organization and Bioenergetics which will help the students to
Course Outcome: The metabolism of complex biochemical compounds would make the students to gain a good knowledge about biochemical organization in the human system
Harper’s Biochemistry
A.L.Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry
Satyanarayana, Text Book of Biochemistry REFERENCES
L.Stryer, Text Book of Bio Chemistry
PS403: PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE
Course Outcome: The outcomes which are expected from the students at the end of the course are: Familiarization of the students with all the legal tenets and enforceable in the
UNIT - I Introduction
- B.M.Mithal, Text book of Forensic Pharmacy, publ by Vallabh Prakashan
Bare Acts and Rules Publ by Govt of India/state Govt from time to time
AIR – reported judgments of Supreme Court of India and other High Courts
PS404: PHYSICAL PHARMACY – II
Course Objectives: The student shall be taught on industrial phenomenon of liquids, rate &
Micromeritics: Particle size and size distribution, methods for determining surface area, methods for determining practicle size, pore size, particle shape and surface area, derived
Coarse Dispersions: Suspensions: Types of suspensions, interfacial properties of suspended particles, stability evaluation, settling in suspensions, formulation of suspensions
Patrick J. Sinko, Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5 th Edition
CVS Subhramanyam, Physical Pharmacy, Vallabh prakashan
HS405: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (Open Elective)
Course Objectives: Various types of Intellectual Property Rights Patentable Subject History of Indian Patent Protection, Patent filing procedure in India, Opposition- pre-grant opposition
Course Outcome: The clear information about the patent laws and intellectual property rights in India and abroad is gained by the students
IPR Handbook for Pharma Students and Researchers- Bansal
Intellectual Property Rights in Pharmaceutical Industry: Theory and Practice- Subba Rao Bayya
Protection of Industrial Property rights by P.Das and Gokul Das REFERENCE BOOKS
PS405: HERBAL DRUG TECHNOLOGY (Open Elective)
Course Objectives: Helps the students in getting exposed to method s of extraction
Course Outcome: Helps the students to understand the organization and research of natural products in herbal drugs industries
Herbal Extracts: types of Extraction methods such as Maceration, Percolation, Super critical fluid extraction and Ultra – Sonic extraction
Excipients
UNIT - III Manufacturing
Herbal drug Standardization
Herbal Perfumes and cosmetics by Panda REFRENCES
Pharmacognosy by V.E Tyler, LR Brandy and JE Robbers (KM Varghese & co., Mumbai)
Indian Pharmacopoeia
BS405: GREEN CHEMISTRY (Open Elective)
Course Objectives: Emphasis about the chemicals and solvents intermediates which are environment friendly during chemical synthesis of pharmaceutical products
Course Outcome: The detailed study of Green chemistry in various reactions would help the students to understand the synthesis of organic compounds which are benign to environment
Basic principles, salient features and applications for the following units
PS406: PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT OPERATIONS - II LAB
List of Experiments
Measurement of flow of fluids and their pressure, determination of reynold's number and calculation of frictional losses
Evaluation of filter media, determination of rate filtration and study of factors affecting filtration including filter aids
Experiments to demonstrate applications of centrifugation
Determination of Humidity-use of Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb thermometers and Psychometric charts
Determination of rate of evaporation
Experiments based on steam. Extractive and azeotropic distillations
Determination of rate of drying, free moisture content and bound moisture content
Experiments to illustrate the influence of various parameters on the time of drying
Experiments to illustrate principles of size reduction, Laws governing energy and power requirements of a size reduction
Experiments to illustrate solid-solid mixing, determination of mixing efficiency using different types of mixers
BS407: BIOCHEMISTRY LAB
To prepare standard buffers (citrate, phosphate & carbonate) and measure the pH
Titration curve for amino acids
Separation of amino acids by two dimensional paper chromatography & gel electrophoresis
The separation of lipids by T.L.C
Identification of carbohydrates 6. Identification of amino acid
Identification of lipids
Estimation of glucose in urine
Estimation of creatinine in urine
Estimation of urea in blood
Estimation of creatinine in blood
Estimation of Serum protein
Estimation of bile pigments in serum
Estimation of alkaline phosphatase in serum
Effect of temperature on the activity of alpha-amylase
PS408: PHYSICAL PHARMACY-II LAB
Determination of bulk density, true density and percentage of porosity
Effect of particle size and effect of glidant on angle of repose
Microscopic size analysis, plotting of the graphs, calculation of geometric mean, diameter etc
Determination of particle size by andreason pipette
Determination of CMC of a surfactant
Adsorption Isotherm consturctions
Partition coefficient determination
Determination of sedimentation volume and degree of flocculation
Determination of Second order reaction rate constant
Effect of temperature on solubility of solid in liquid
HLB value estimation of surfactants
Preparation of Micro emulsion - Demonstration
Determination of Zeta potential - Demonstration
Determination of granular density
Preparation of emulsion, identification and evaluation
Course Outcomes
UNDERSTANDING GENDER
Gender: Why Should We Study It? (Towards a World of Equals: Unit -1)
Socialization: Making Women, Making Men (Towards a World of Equals: Unit -2)
GENDER AND BIOLOGY
Gender Spectrum: Beyond the Binary (Towards a World of Equals: Unit -10) Two or Many? Struggles with Discrimination
GENDER AND LABOUR
Housework: the Invisible Labour (Towards a World of Equals: Unit -3)
Women’s Work: Its Politics and Economics (Towards a World of Equals: Unit -7)
UNIT-IV
ISSUES OF VIOLENCE
Sexual Harassment: Say No! (Towards a World of Equals: Unit -6)
Domestic Violence: Speaking Out (Towards a World of Equals: Unit -8)
GENDER: CO - EXISTENCE
Just Relationships: Being Together as Equals (Towards a World of Equals: Unit -12)
TEXTBOOK
Note: Since it is an Interdisciplinary Course, Resource Persons can be drawn from the fields of English Literature or Sociology or Political Science or any other qualified faculty who has
No. Course
- Introduction to Experimental Pharmacology a) Preparation of different solutions for experiments
Introduction to Microbiology: Origin, Scope, and Discovery of Spontaneous Generation Theory, Contributions of Antony Van Leewenhoek, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, and Joseph Lister. Course Outcome: The student will know the preformulation parameters in dosage form design, ICH guidelines, preparation and evaluation of semi-solids, ophthalmic and cosmetic agents. Stability and bioavailability study of prodrugs to solve problems related to stability bioavailability in formulations.
Tablet Coating: Types of coatings, coating materials and their selection, coating solution formulation, coating equipment, coating procedures and evaluation of coated tablets. Spray Drying, Spray Curing, Emulsion Polymerization Complex, Air Suspension Technique and Pan Coating Techniques and Evaluation of Microcapsules. General pharmacology: Introduction to pharmacology, sources of drugs, pharmaceutical forms and methods of administration, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, mechanism of action, combined effect of drugs, factors that change the action of drugs, adverse effects of drugs, tolerance and addiction, pharmacogenetics., principles of drug discovery and phases of drug development.
Course outcome: After studying the subject, the student will be able to know about phytopharmaceuticals of commercial importance and the various applications of crude drugs in the preparation of formulations as medications and excipients (Flavors, perfumes, sweeteners and colorants). Introduction to drug regulatory issues, organizational structure of India, central and state Division of drug controller of India and their function. Evaluation of packaging materials such as glass, plastic, cotton (hydrolytic resistance test for glass) and light absorption test for rubber and closures.
Course outcome: Students will understand the importance of values and ethics in their personal life and professional career. Introduction to professional ethics: basic concepts, management ethics, personal and professional ethics, ethical dilemmas, life skills, emotional intelligence, thinking about ethics, value education, dimensions of ethics, profession and professionalism, professional associations, professional risks, professional responsibility, professional responsibility Success, ethics and profession. Profession; Responsibilities, obligations and moral values in professional ethics, professional ethical codes, limits of predictability and responsibility of the engineering profession.
The synthesis and mechanism of action of the medicinal compounds are explained in an organized manner which helps the students to understand the medicinal uses of the compounds. Bioisosterism and Steric Characteristics of Drugs, Drug Distribution and Protein Binding: Introduction to Pro and Emollient Approaches. Note: Introduction, definition, nomenclature, chemical classification, structure, synthesis, general mechanism and mode of action, SAR including physicochemical and stereochemical aspects, metabolism and therapeutic uses of the drugs from each category will be studied for the following units.
UNIT V
Course objectives: The student knows the formulation and evaluation of tablets, coated tablets, capsules, micro-capsules and parenteral preparations in laboratories and on an industrial scale. Course Outcome: The students will be exposed to various aspects of pharmaceutical product preparation and evaluations of tablets, capsules etc. Semi-solid dosage forms: Definitions, types, mechanisms of drug penetration, factors affecting penetration, semi-solid bases and their selection.
Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for injection, treatment apyrogenicity, non-aqueous vehicles, isotonicity and methods of its adjustment. Pre-fill treatment, washing and sterilization of containers and closures, preparation of solution and suspensions, filling and closing of ampoules, vials, infusion fluids, lyophilization & preparation of sterile powders, equipment for large-scale manufacturing and evaluation of parenteral products. Factors influencing the choice of containers, package testing, legal and other official requirements for containers, package testing.
Methods of packaging solid, liquid and semi-solid dosage forms, Factors influencing packaging materials and stability aspects of packaging. Course objectives: This subject provides an opportunity for the student to learn more about the drug in relation to classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects, adverse effects, uses, dosage, route of administration, precautions, contraindications and interaction with other drugs. Course outcome: Understand the pharmacological aspects of drugs, importance of pharmacology as a basis for therapeutics and correlate the knowledge therapeutically.
Autacoids
This course will provide the student with an opportunity to learn about the drug in terms of classification, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic aspects, side effects, uses, dosage, route of administration, precautions, contraindications and interaction with other drugs. Chemistry including the elucidation of the structure of natural products belonging to different groups such as amino acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, etc. Course outcome: Students' knowledge increases with clear information about natural products that have medical importance. a) Carbohydrates: Introduction, Definition, Classification, Isolation, General Properties (including isomerism) and Pharmaceutical Importance of Carbohydrates, Chemistry (Structme, Nomenclatme and Reactions) of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, cellulose and starch.
Chemistry (structure, nomenclature and reactions) of oils and fats and analysis according to pharmacopoeial methods. Introduction, definition, classification, isolation, general properties and pharmaceutical importance of amino acids and their relationship to proteins and polypeptides. Flavonoids: Sources, Uses, Chemistry and General Methods for Structural Determination (Chemical and Spectral Analysis) of Amygdalin, Arbutin and Quercetin.
Terpenoids: Definition and classification: Isoprene rule, Special isoprene rule for terpenes, General methods of isolation.
Steroids
To learn the generic drug development process, dosage form design and development, analytical method development and dossier approval process. Course outcome: The students' knowledge is increased by the clear information about generic product development. Dosage form design to meet equivalence to the reference drug, product development steps, formula optimization, process optimization and packaging selection.
Course Objectives: Emphasizes the conceptual background and development of medicinal chemistry and drug design. Course Outcome: The students would be able to identify leads for the design of new drugs, to design and discover the new drus with the knowledge acquired through the study of the various topics of the syllabus. Course Objectives: - Students will study about various drug screening techniques for different pharmacological activities and guidelines for animal handling and human and animal ethics for drug screening.
Course results: - The expected results are that the student will be able to handle animals and know different drug screening techniques for various pharmacological activities, as well as guidelines and regulations for screening new drug molecules on animals and human volunteers. Pharmacological action of new active substances with an emphasis on the assessment of analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory action. Advanced English Communication Skills (AECS) lab course is considered essential at the third year level of B.Tech and B.Pharmacy courses.
At this stage, students must prepare for their careers, which require them to listen to, read, speak and write in English both for their professional and interpersonal communication. The main objective of this course is to prepare engineering students for their internship. Writing skills – Structure and presentation of different types of writing – Letter writing/ CV writing/ e-correspondence/ Technical report writing.
