View of CITATION ANALYSIS OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO DR. BABA SAHIB AMBEDKAR MARTHWADA UNIVERSITY, AURANGABAD

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VOLUME: 08, Special Issue11, (IC-MLSDG 2021) Paper id-IJIERM-VIII-XI, November 2021 18

CITATION ANALYSIS OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO DR.

BABA SAHIB AMBEDKAR MARTHWADA UNIVERSITY, AURANGABAD Nedhal Saeed Ahmed Al-robasi

Professor & Head Department of Library & Information Science Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad

Dr. V.S. Khaparde (Guide)

Abstract- This study aims to identify and analyze the types of information materials cited by doctoral students in the Central library of the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University. The research paper is confined to the dissertations submitted to central library of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU) dept. of library and information science for the fulfillment of PhD Degree. Also, to determine the distribution of citations of doctoral students by year and the most frequently cited journals in library dissertation and thesis.The Data is based on citations given at the end of the Thesis of which the researcher has used for the preparation of Thesis. It is based on 668 citations from 1978-1977 appended at the end of 5 Ph.D. thesis on Education, submitted to the Dr.

Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad during 2017-2018.The findings were analyzed to determine the percentage of single author, two authors and three authors, four authors and five authors. The maximum number of citations 390 (58.4) are of single authors and Second maximum number of citations 135 (20.2) are of double authors least.

Keywords: dissertations, library, citations, Education, journals 1 INTRODUCTION

Citation analysis is a new technique used to measure quantitatively the value of document through arranging the citations in some kind of rank or order. It is also used to study the growth and structure of literature of any subject. This technique is helpful tool for the library management in the selection and weeding of materials in the face of ever expanding information environment. Citation analysis reflects on citation practices.

“Citation analysis” refers to references in one text to another text with information on where that text can be found. Citation analysis is useful for understanding subject relationship, author effectiveness, and publication trends and so on. The first recorded citation analysis was done by Gross and Gross (1927) who looked at citational patterns to determine the journals to be subscribed to and back volumes to be acquired for the library of Pamona College.

They studied the citation frequency in the reference given in the “Journal of The American Chemical Society (Amudavalli 1977).From an application point of view, citation analysis may be considered as a collaborative peer effort to analyze and promote the quality of scholarly publication and research.

Citation analysis studies the patterns of citations in documents, an objective method for gathering data about information needs. Williams and Fletcher explained citation analysis as a nonintrusive method of finding patterns in a specific population’s use of research materials. Meho 2007 has observed that citation analysis is actually a branch of information science in which researchers studied the way articles in a scholarly field are accessed and referenced by others. It has been used for the purpose of scholarly analysis and evaluation in several fields of human endeavor. It examines the theses and dissertations of On Education submitted to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (BAMU), between1978-1988. The University library was founded in the year 1958 as the Varsity library. The University library houses some old books dating all the way back to the year 1600. Recently Knowledge Resource Centre subscribed to the World E-book Library through a Noida-based company, which will enable the students to access over 300,000 e-books including journals and other documents.

2 Objectives of the study:

 To identify and analyze the types of information materials cited by doctoral students in the Central library of the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.

 To determine the distribution of citations of doctoral students by year.

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 To determine the most frequently cited journals in library dissertation and thesis.

 To examine the types of authorship cited by doctoral students

 To identify the highest and lowest citations by individual dissertation and thesis.

 To identify the most cited authors in the dissertation and thesis of doctoral students.

3 HYPOTHESIS

The following Hypothesis are formulated in the study:-

 Journals are the major documents cited in maximum

 English language is a pre-dominant language.

 Researchers mostly prefer Europeans Publications.

 Female researchers are dominant than Male researchers.

4 METHODOLOGY

The study used Qualitative research design . It extracted included the year the materials were submitted, source of citations, of materials cited, most cited authors, types of authorship, types of journals and most cited journals. The material cited were categories as;

journals, books, conference proceedings, reports (including working papers, research paper, annual reports, and technical reports).

5 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY

Momoh (1996) noted that several researchers have used citation analysis to look at subject focus of postgraduate students and determine their journal needs. Kushkowski (2003) conducted a longitudinal studyof over 9100 citation from 629 master's and doctoral theses and found that authors favor current researches regardless of discipline.

It was observed by Gooden (2001) that citation analysis were used by librarian in different fields to eliminate costly low use/unused journals, identify core journals needed for use and to purchase the needed materials. Gooden (2006) further carried out a citation analysis of chemistry doctoral dissertation as way of identify materials used at the Ohio State University between 1996 – 2000.

Similarly, Olatokun and Makinde (2009) conducted a study on citation analysis of doctoral works accepted at the Department of Animal Science, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Journal articles and textbooks were more cited while web resources had the lowest citations; probably the doctoral students were yet to appreciate web resources references or had little or no access to Internet according to Olatokun and Makinde. In the same vein, master’s and doctoral students of Faculty of Agriculture of Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa hardly make any use of website and other electronic resources following the surveyed of Swanepoel (2008) on citation analysis of theses and dissertations submitted between 2004-2006 in the institution

Williams and Fletcher (2006) performed a citation analysis on materials used by graduate students in engineering and found that journals (38 percent), conference papers (19 percent), and books (18 percent) were the most heavily used formats, with books aging more slowly than other formats. Citation analysis of dissertations have been shown to be effective method of assessing quality of information materials because they are culminating experience of doctoral training which is deposited in dissertations (Herubel, 1999).

“Citation analysis” refers to references in one text to another text with information on where that text can be found. Citation analysis is useful for understanding subject relationship, author effectiveness, and publication trends and so on. The first recorded citation analysis was done by Gross and Gross (1927) who looked at citation patterns to determine the journals to be subscribed to and back volumes to be acquired for the library of Pamona College. Today, a scientific publication is easily recognized by its footnotes, endnotes and references to other scientific articles or books (Wouters, P. 1989).

More citations were from the books and periodicals than the other type of materials. Similar type of study was performed by (Koley S. 2003). Covering 457 citations appended to 26 research articles published in the four issues of the quarterly Indian Journal of Physiology

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and Allied Sciences. Of the citations, 76.81% relate to journal articles, 18.59% to monographs, and the rest to conference papers, theses, etc.

Line and Sandison (1974),in their work stated that citation analysis of documents not only shows the relationships among journals, papers and authors, but also investigates the quality and quantity of research work. Salton and Bergmark (1979) evaluated the importance of individual authors, documents, and journals through a clustering study of computer science literature using bibliographic citations as clustering criterion.

6 CONCEPTS OF CITATION ANALYSIS 6.1. Definition

Studies based on citations are being generally termed as citation analysis. They may be termed as cito-analytical studies. Though citation based studies have been going on in the world since long, such studies, however, did not receive the necessary momentum till the advent of citation indexes. The advent of Science Citation Index in 1963, followed by Social Science Citation Index in 1973, and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index in 1978, considerably widened the vistas of citation-based studies and brought forth a variety of cito- analytical products.

Citation analysis reflects two major themes that is use of citations as tools for librarians to evaluate the library collection and services and use of citations as tool to analyses research activity. Citation analysis is concerned with the following phenomena:

 Which authors are most cited

 Which journals are most cited

 What linkages exist between the citing and cited works (i.e., self-citation)

 Language of documents selected for use as citation

 Subject distributions and how quickly the literature on some subject

 become out-of-date, i.e., obsolescence study 6.2 Functions of Citation Analysis

Citation analysis has two broad areas of applications. One of them is suitable for library and information science professionals where citations are used as a tool to find out various features of literature use like type of documents, languages, age, country of origin, subject distribution, highly cited authors, journals, citation ratio, authorship pattern etc.

6.3 Importance of Citations may be stated as

 Study of the coverage of primary journals and other materials in secondary service

 clustering of documents according to common references and citations

 Study of attributes of literature including growth rate, obsolescence, citation practices

 Study of the structure of scientific literature according to language,

 country of origin, age, subject, form, authorship or any combination of these attributes

6.4 Lotka's Inverse Square Law of Scientific Productivity

In 1962, Alfred J. Lotka proposed his inverse Square Law correlating contributors of scientific papers to their number of contributions. His law provided fundamental theoretical base for bibliometric studies involving authorships. He was interested in determining "the part which men of different caliber contribute to the progress of science." For this he checked the decennial index of 'Chemical Abstract' 1907-1916 and counted the number of names against which appeared 1, 2, 3, etc., entries. He tabulated the data for 6,891 names, beginning with letter 'A' and 'B'. Similarly the data from the Auerbach's Geschietftafeln der physik was also collected for the 1325 physicists. Lotka then plotted the graph on a logarithmic scale, the number of authors against the number of contributions made by each author and he found that in each case the points were closely scattered about a straight line, having a slope of approximately two to one.

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VOLUME: 08, Special Issue11, (IC-MLSDG 2021) Paper id-IJIERM-VIII-XI, November 2021 21 6.5. Bradford’s Law of Scattering of scientific Papers

Samual Clement Bradford, one of the pioneers of bibliometric, should be considered for his classic paper “Sources of Information on Specific Subjects”, which is the first paper published on observations on scattering.

In the list of periodicals ranked by diminishing productivity, Bradford identified three groups of periodicals that produced approximately the same number of articles on the subject, but the number of periodicals in these three equi-productive zones increased by a constant factor. Based on this he stated his law as follows; If scientific periodicals are arranged in order of decreasing productivity of articles on a given subject that may be divided into a nucleus of periodicals more particularly devoted to the subject and several groups or zones containing the same number of articles as the nucleus when the number of periodicals in the nucleus of the succeeding zones will be as: 1: n: n2.

6.6 Zipf's Law of Word Occurrence

Zipf developed and extended an empirical law, as observed by Estoup, governing a relation between the rank of a word and the frequency of its appearance in a long text. If 'r' is the rank of a word and 'f' is its frequency, then mathematically Zipf's law can be stated as: rf=c, where c is a constant. His law states that in a long textual matter if words are arranged in their decreasing order of frequency, then the rank of any given word of the text will be inversely proportional to the frequency of occurrence of the word.

6.7 Important terms and their Meaning

 Ranked List of Journals by CITATIONS

In the ranked list, journals are arranged according to the number of citations received by a journal over a particular period, may be one year or more. It is generally accepted that the larger the sample of study the more reliable is the rank likely to be. The most cited ones figure at the top followed by the less cited ones.

 Citation half-life and OBSOLESCENCE

The concept of half-life has been borrowed from the field of nuclear physics to illustrate the journal obsolescence. The citation half-life provides a quantitative measure of the rate at which the scientific papers become obsolete. The number journal literature in science and technology grows in much faster rate.

There also high probability of use of journal literature in the immediate years after their publication but their subsequent uses decreases rapidly as these journals become old.

The half-life in its original context refers to the “time required for disintegration of one half of the currently cited literature was published. In an view, half-life of literature is the time by which one half of the currently published literature become obsolescent.

• Citation half-life and OBSOLESCENCE

The concept of half-life has been borrowed from the field of nuclear physics to illustrate the journal obsolescence. The citation half-life provides a quantitative measure of the rate at which the scientific papers become obsolete. The number journal literature in science and technology grows in much faster rate. There also high probability of use of journal literature in the immediate years after their publication but their subsequent uses decreases rapidly as these journals become old. The half-life in its original context refers to the “time required for disintegration of one half of the currently cited literature was published. In an another view, half-life of literature is the time by which one half of the currently published literature become obsolescent. It is also related to the growth of literature. It is derived that the half- life in citation decay is same as the half-life for the growth of literature (Mahapatra, 2000).

• Self-CITATION

Self-citation is a common practice in the literature of all kinds. The self-citation of an author refers to those cited references which have been authored or co-authored by same citing author. Most of the researchers believe that these types of self-citations study should be included in the final tabulation of the bibliometric studies of self-citation. Now

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information scientists have paid more interest towards the study of the self-citation. Mainly there are three types of self-citation. They are the cases where (i)the citing author and the cited author the same, named as author’s self-citations (ii) reference to articles published in the same journal in which the citing article appears, named as journal self-citations (iii) it is used to indicate similarity of subject matter between citing and cited article.

 Repetitiveness of Citations and Bibliographic Coupling

M. Kessler introduced the concept of bibliographic coupling. It is the number of common references cited in two documents that indicates the degree of similarity of contents of the citing papers.

Two source documents containing a large number of common references are said to have a high coupling strength and are likely to be on the same topic. It is observed that the concept of relationship has certain drawbacks and not seem to be a valid unit of measurement because if two papers are citing a third paper, they may or may not be citing an identical piece of information of third paper being cited. Two documents are bibliographically coupled if their reference lists share one or more of the same cite documents.

Co-citation

The concept of co-citation was for the first time suggested independently by Small and Marshakova almost simultaneously in 1973 and later developed by Small who proposed a new method of analyzing citations to generate clusters of related papers. The number of times two papers are cited together in subsequent literature determines the co-citation strength of two cited papers. Co-citation is dynamic measure in that co citation strength of cited papers can be studied over a period of time as they continue to be cited together in subsequent literature. But one of the disadvantages of co citation technique is that it requires comprehensive citation data.

Subject Dispersion

Subject dispersion of citations means the scattering of subjects of citations. The authors refer to publications of various aspects. These may belong to their own subject or to some other subject, which are closely related to it. Therefore, analysis of these citations shows various sub-fields of a subject which are scattered over the citations. To find out subject dispersion in a particular area, the citations appended in journal articles for some specific period are to be collected on slips of papers. Then each of the citations are to be classified as per their subject. Finally the groups are grouped together and counted.

Language-wise Distribution

It is great significance for researcher’s to know the language in which their area of specialization is published.

The analysis of the languages used to transmit the subject literature is useful not only to understand the coverage patterns, but also gives an indication of the foreign language problem likely to be faced by the users.

Limitations of citation Analysis

Review papers, on an average, are cited more than the research papers. Scientists writing a sizable number of review articles are likely to be cited more than those not writing, or writing a smaller number of review articles. Hence, this fact needs to borne in mind while evaluating a scientists, or comparing the performance of one scientist with others of his field.

7 DATA ANALYSIS

The basic purpose of the present chapter is to analyze collected data of Education.

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or

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informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy. The present study is based on 668 citations from 1978-1988 appended at the end of 5 Ph.D. thesis on Education, submitted to the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad during 2017-2018.

The data was analyzed by using various parameters which is presented in the Form of tables and figures below:

 Authorship Pattern

 Author name

 Year Wise

 Type of Document

 Title Wise distribution of Citations

 Publisher Wise distribution of Citations

 Places of Contributions

 Country Wise Distribution of Citation

 Theses Title Distribution

 Type of guide

 Guide Name of Theses

 Submission Date of Theses

 Journal Name

Table No. 1: Authorship Pattern

Authorship Pattern Frequency Percent

Single Author 390 58.4

Two 135 20.2

Three 45 6.7

Four 7 1.0

Five 2 .3

Not mentioned 89 13.3

Total 668 100.0

 INTERPRETATION

From table No.1 .It shows that the majority of citations are by single authors 390 (58.4), then two others with 135 (20.2).

Table No.2: Author name

Authors Name Frequency Percent Rao .V.K.R.V

4 .6

Saiyut Champatong 4 .6

Bhartiya S 3 .4

Bollen, C.J 3 .4

Cummins, J. 3 .4

Dickinson, C.H. 3 .4

Gangawane, L.V. 3 .4

Garrett, H.E 3 .4

Guilford, J.P 3 .4

Khuechandani, L.M. 3 .4

Masani R.P. 3 .4

Reddy, M.S. ,Rama, P.S., Rao,

A.A. 3 .4

Samchal V. 3 .4

Schumann, J. 3 .4

Athorn Chonchenchob 2 .3

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Bhatt, C.L 2 .3

Bruck, M. ,Lambert, N. ,Tucker,

G.R. 2 .3

Bruin, G.C.A., Edgington, L.V. 2 .3

Buch, M.B. 2 .3

Chaveevan Keratikorn 2 .3

Cohen, A.D. 2 .3

D'Lima, C.G. 2 .3

Darcy, N.T 2 .3

Dekker, J. 2 .3

Diwakar R.R. 2 .3

Domsch, K.H. 2 .3

Fishman, J.A. 2 .3

Gandhi M.K. 2 .3

Gangawane, L.V., Deshpande,

K.B. 2 .3

Gaur, A.C. 2 .3

Kubikova, J. 2 .3

Martin, J.P. 2 .3

Metzger Verner 2 .3

Mukewar,P.M., Bhide, V.P. 2 .3

Narayan Shriman 2 .3

Nesiah K. 2 .3

Nicholas Bennett 2 .3

Odeymi,O., Alexander, M. 2 .3

Parkinson, D. ,Clarke, J.H. 2 .3

Phenam Kealkamnead 2 .3

Saiyut Champtaog 2 .3

Sam S. 2 .3

Snguan S 2 .3

Snow, C.E. 2 .3

Swain, Merrill, 2 .3

Unesco 2 .3

Venkataraman, G.S.,

Rajyalakshmi, B. 2 .3

West, Michael 2 .3

Author published each*1 556 83.2

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Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

Table No: 2 it shows that the most of the citation produced author are by Rao .V.K.R. V with each 4(.6) .Whereas, there are 85 (12.7) citations didn’t mentioned the name of authors Table No. 3: Year Wise

Year Frequency Percent

1982 57 8.5

1979 38 5.7

1976 35 5.2

1978 33 4.9

1980 28 4.2

1983 28 4.2

1984 27 4.0

1981 25 3.7

1985 20 3.0

1968 19 2.8

1970 19 2.8

1977 19 2.8

1966 18 2.7

1965 17 2.5

1986 17 2.5

1974 16 2.4

1972 15 2.2

1973 15 2.2

1971 14 2.1

1945 11 1.6

1961 11 1.6

1960 10 1.5

1964 10 1.5

1967 9 1.3

1969 9 1.3

1975 9 1.3

1963 8 1.2

1956 6 .9

1959 6 .9

1954 5 .7

1987 5 .7

1953 4 .6

1957 4 .6

1958 4 .6

1950 3 .4

1952 3 .4

1955 3 .4

1962 3 .4

1916 2 .3

1938 2 .3

1951 2 .3

1817 1 .1

1868 1 .1

1910 1 .1

1912 1 .1

1913 1 .1

1918 1 .1

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1920 1 .1

1921 1 .1

1922 1 .1

1926 1 .1

1929 1 .1

1936 1 .1

1943 1 .1

1944 1 .1

1946 1 .1

1948 1 .1

1988 1 .1

1993 1 .1

Not

mentioned 61 9.1

Total 607 90.9

Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

Table No.3: It show that the most citation 57 (8.5%) are in 1982. Whereas, there are 61 (9.1%) does not mentioned the year.

Table No. 4: Type of Document Type of

Documents Frequency Percent

Book 302 45.2

Journal 218 32.6

Government

Publication 70 10.5

Thesis 30 4.5

Report 25 3.7

News 14 2.1

Conference 2 .3

Notes 1 .1

Other 6 .9

Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

From table No.5 it shows that the most documented type of citations are by books with 302(45.2 %), followed by Journals with 218 (32.6%), then the Government Publications with 70(10.5%). Whereas, there are 6 (0.9%) of other types of documents.

Table No. 5: Title Wise distribution of Citations

Title Frequency Percent

The Mother Tongue in Education 3 .4

Bull Environ Contam Toxical 2 .3

Education Sector Survey 2 .3

Educational Adiminstraion 2 .3

Educational Development in Thailand 2 .3

Educational Psychology 2 .3

Experiences for pre-primary school Child 2 .3

Fifth National Educationa Plan 2 .3

Logic of Scientific Discovery 2 .3

Report of the Secondary Education

Commission 2 .3

Statistics in psychology and Education 2 .3

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Supervision at Provincial Level 2 .3

Titles published each 1 632 94.6

Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

From table No.6 .It shows that the title which is mostly cited is “the Mother Tongue in Education with 3(0.4%), whereas majority of the cited title are 632(94.6%). Whereas, and 10 citations do not mentioned the title.

No.6: Publisher Wise distribution of Citations

Publisher Frequency Percent

Ministry of Education 37 5.5

Plenum Press 32 4.8

Academic Press 24 3.6

Office of the National Education 19 2.8

Unesco Regiol for Education in Asianal

Offices 13 1.9

Oxford University Prees 12 1.8

Newbory House Publshers INC 11 1.6

McGraw Hill 10 1.5

The Ola Book Co 9 1.3

Marathwada University 8 1.2

Avery Publishing Group 6 .9

National Council of Educational Research

and Training 4 .6

Navjivan Publishing House 4 .6

S. Chand & Co. Pvt. Ltd., 4 .6

Sterling Publisher pvt. Ltd. 4 .6

A Very Publishing Group 3 .4

Academic Press INC 3 .4

Asia Pub. House 3 .4

Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavan 3 .4

Bombay University 3 .4

Journal of Eucation and Psychology 3 .4

Mysore University 3 .4

Oxford and I.B.H. Publishing company 3 .4

Proc. Resistance to Fungicides in Plant

Pathogens 3 .4

Stanford University Press 3 .4

A Sarvodaya Pub 2 .3

A Very Publshing Group 2 .3

Academic press 2 .3

Allied Publishers 2 .3

American Psychologist 2 .3

Bannalji 2 .3

Bureau of Education 2 .3

Departement of Primary Scholl 2 .3

ICAR publ 2 .3

John Wiley and Sons 2 .3

Longman Publications 2 .3

Methuan and co. Ltd 2 .3

Popular Prakashan 2 .3

Prentice Hall 2 .3

Princenton,Van Nostrand Company 2 .3

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Rinchant and Winston 2 .3

Rowley Man 2 .3

Somaiya Publication Pvt. Ltd 2 .3

The Free Press 2 .3

The Macmillan Company 2 .3

Vakils Fegger and Simone Pvt. Ltd 2 .3

Vikas Publication 2 .3

Wattanaphanich 2 .3

Publisher each Publish*1 177 26.5

Not mentioned 217 32.5

Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

Table No: 7 it shows that the most citied publisher 37(5.5%) are by “Ministry of Education”, followed by Plenum Press with 32(4.8%)..Whereas, there are 217 (32.5 %) of citations did not mentioned publisher name.

Table No. 8: Places of Contributions Places Frequency Percent

Bangkok 96 14.4

New York 69 10.3

New Delhi 45 6.7

London 32 4.8

Mumbai 28 4.2

New York and

London 21 3.1

Aurangabad 12 1.8

New Jersey 11 1.6

Pune 10 1.5

Rowley 8 1.2

Ahmadabad 7 1.0

Wageningen 7 1.0

Mysore 6 .9

Mombay University 5 .7

Baroda 4 .6

Calcutta 4 .6

California 4 .6

Los Angeles 3 .4

Newbury 3 .4

Aligarh Muslim

University 2 .3

Bhopal 2 .3

Chicago 2 .3

Kerala 2 .3

Madras 2 .3

Massachusetts 2 .3

New York Holt 2 .3

Orlando 2 .3

Tanjore 2 .3

Tokyo 2 .3

West Germany 2 .3

Place Contributed

each 1 31 4.64

Total 668 100.0

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VOLUME: 08, Special Issue11, (IC-MLSDG 2021) Paper id-IJIERM-VIII-XI, November 2021 29 INTERPRETATION

From table No.8 .It shows that the majority of contributions are from Bangkok 96(14.4%).

Whereas, there are 241(36.1%) don’t mentioned their place.

Table No.9: Country Wise Distribution of Citation Country Frequency Percent

India 186 27.8

American 103 15.4

Thailand 96 14.4

England 35 5.2

American and

Englend 21 3.1

Netherland 6 .9

Japan 3 .4

Canada 2 .3

Germany 2 .3

Africa 1 .1

Asia 1 .1

Holland 1 .1

Russia 1 .1

Not

mentioned 210 31.4

Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

From table No.9 .It shows that the most citation is by India 186 (27.8%). Whereas, there are 1 (.1%) Russia doesn’t mention Country Wise Distribution.

Table No.10: Theses Title Distribution

Theses Title Frequency Percent

Study on the Fungicide 207 31.0

A Comparative Study of the Academic Achievements of Monolingual and Bilingual Students, at S.S.C. Level, with Special Reference to Their Non-Verbal Intelligence and Socio-economic Status

192 28.7

An Educational and Economic Approach to the

Principles of Universal Faith Daan 122 18.3

Studies if the Problems of Educational Planning and

Administration in Thailand Since 101 15.1

Construction and Standardization of Verbal Test of

Intelligence In Marathi for the Age Group 12 to 18^th 46 6.9

Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

From table No.10. It shows that the most citation of Theses title distribution are by India 207(31.0%). Whereas, there are 46(6.9 %) Construction and Standardization of Verbal Test of Intelligence in Marathi for the Age Group 12 to 18th.

Table No.11: Type of guide

Type of guide Frequency Percent Guide and Researcher 622 93.1

Researcher 46 6.9

Total 668 100.0

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From table No.11 .It shows that citations of type of guide are guide and researcher with 62 (93.1). Whereas, there are researcher 46 (6.9%).

Table No.12: Guide Name of Theses Guide Name Frequency Percent L.V. Gangawane

,Miss Shahana A.

Shaikh 207 31.0

Ahmad Husain and

Liaquat Ali Khan 192 28.7

Gogata, S.B.&

Nirmala Anant Kahalekar

122 18.3

Ahhad Hussain and

Chusak Prasert 101 15.1

V.N. Mulay 46 6.9

Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

From table No.12. It shows that the most citation of Guide Name of Theses are by L.V.

Gangawane, Miss Shahana A. Shaikh 207(31.0%) Whereas, there are 46 (6.9%) by V.N.

Mulay

Table No. 13: Submission Date of Theses Submission Date Frequency Percent

1987 293 43.9

1986 207 31.0

1988 122 18.3

1978 46 6.9

Total 668 100.0

INTERPRETATION

From table No.13 .It shows that the most citation are Submitted the year 1987 293 %).

Whereas, there are 46 (6.9 %) submitted in the year 1978.

Table No. 14: Journal Name

Journal Name Frequency Percent

Bilingual Child 15 2.2

ISPP Chemical Control

Newsletter 11 1.6

Indian Phytopath 9 1.3

Bilingual Education 8 1.2

Plant and Soil 8 1.2

Phytopathology 6 .9

Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc 3 .4

Trans.Brit. Mycol.Soc 3 .4

Hindustan Antibiotic. Bull 2 .3

Indian bot. Reptr 2 .3

Neth. J.PI. Path 2 .3

Proc. Indian Acad. Sci 2 .3

Journal published Each 1 147 89.4

Total 218 100.0

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From table No.14 .It shows that the most citation of Journal Name is by Bilingual Child with 15(2.2%). Whereas, there are 2(.3 %) Proc. Indian Acad. Sci doesn’t mention Journal Name.

8 COCLUSION

The present investigation is based on 668 citations from 1978-1988 appended at the end of 5 Ph.D. thesis on Education, submitted to the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad during 2017-2018. It was discovered from this study that books were the most consulted information materials, closely followed by journals that was least utilized by PH,D Students during the period between 2017-2018. Hence, the Analysis of the study renewals the following findings.

9 FINDINGS

The Authorship Pattern were analyzed to determine the percentage of single author, two authors and three authors, four authors and five authors. The maximum number of citations 390 (58.4) are of single authors and Second maximum number of citations 135 (20.2).are of double authors least.

 As for the authors the most of the citation produced author are by Rao .V.K.R. V with each 4(.6)

 Period-wise or chronological distribution of citations was measured by number of years which elapsed between the publications of a document Maximum number of citations 57 (8.5%)

 As per the Page number wise distribution of citations, the most cited one are 6 and 2 pages with 24(3.6 %) .

 The frequency distribution of different forms of literature used by researchers in Education, heavily depend on Books that is with 218 (32.6%), and other sources 6 (0.9%) are only used.

 As for the Title, we can figure out from table six that the Majority of titles in Educations are cited in “the Mother Tongue with 3(0.4%).

 The top most cited publishers are “Ministry of Education” the top position with 37(5.5%) followed by Plenum Press with 32(4.8%).

 As per the table 8 we came to know that top rank in contributions wise is Bangkok with 96(14.4%).

10 RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:-

 The research methodology as a course, which is compulsory for postgraduates students should be strengthen to include formal training in literature searching and teaching of research skills needed by doctorate students

 Supervisor should lay emphasis on giving preference to recent information materials by postgraduate students when reviewing literature.

 There should be deliberate effort from faculty and department in organizing regular training/workshop on how to carry out effective literature review by the postgraduate students.

 Necessary researchable materials and facilities such as Internet facilities, agricultural databases and web

 Resources should be made available and easily accessible in all the libraries to support the research needs of the students

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