View of A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REACTION TIME AMONG HANDBALL PLAYERS PLAYING AT DIFFERENT POSITIONS

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VOLUME: 08, Special Issue 03, (IC-NCOCS-2021), Paper id-IJIERM-VIII-III, June 2021

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH & MANAGEMENT ISSN: 2348-4918

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REACTION TIME AMONG HANDBALL PLAYERS PLAYING AT DIFFERENT POSITIONS

Chetan Chouhan

Research Scholar, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur Dr. Bhushan Kekre

Supervisor, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur

Abstract - The purpose of the study was to compare the Reaction time among handball players playing at different positions. Through purposive sampling the research scholar selected 30 handball players of India those were played at National Level. Out of 30 players 15 were goalkeepers and 15 were court players. To collect the data "Electronic Reaction Time Apparatus” were used. In order to compare the reaction time among the handball players “t” test was applied. The result showed significant difference among the male handball players playing at different position. It was concluded the goalkeepers have better reaction time than other court players.

Keywords: Reaction time, Sleep deprivation, Handball, Junior.

1 INTRODUCTION

Handball is an Olympic discipline and comes in fastest game in the world. Aim of this game is to score maximum goals in opponent goal post within 60 minutes overall time duration with 10 minute‟s break in half time. In this game only 3 steps and 3 seconds time limit allowed with ball. There are 14 players including 7 extras in a team of handball.

There are various playing positions in handball which we can divide in to two categories Court players and goalkeeper.

Goalkeeper — the player who defends the goal with just about every part of the body! The goalkeeper is the only player who can touch the ball with their feet.

1.1 Court players

Centre — Also called „playmaker‟ because center is a creative player who directs overall play and their team mates in both defense and attack. He also set the team mates according the team mates.

Backs (Left and right) — Players at this position are normally taller as compare to other and good long shooter. They also block opponent shot in defense.

Pivot — The normally this position player destruct opponent defense during the attack and make the space for their team mates or comes in a position to score.

Wingers (Left and right) — This position‟s players are very fast. Often they make the counter attack. Normally they shoot from very difficult angle in the corner of the court.

(Okoshi, T., 1976)

This game requires quick thinking and reflexes in order to achieve higher performance. Thus various psychomotor abilities, including reaction time are very important for this game to get the success. (Paul M. at al., 2012)

Reaction time is defined as the time that elapses between receiving an immediate and unexpected stimulus and reaction given to it, however, reaction time of a person depends on various factors like fatigue, age, condition, gender, condition, fatigue, alcohol, nicotine etc. (Colakoglu, et al, 1993) In the game of handball reaction time is very important factor to achieve high performance and to be an elite player because very quick reflexes on an opponent‟s movement is required in this game. Players do not have much time to react on it. Goalkeeper should have a good reaction time to stop opponent‟s ball which thrown with high speed. The aim of the present study was to compare the reaction time between goal keepers and court players.

1.2 Need and Significance of the Study:

The results of the study may help the coaches or PETs to understand the level of reaction time of the male handball players playing at different position which helps them in training of handball players at lower level.

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Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Paul, Satinder (2017). found no significance difference in reaction time and eye hand coordination at 0.05 level of significance but he concluded that, the female handball players were good than female cricket in auditory reaction time and female cricket players were superior than female handball players in visual reaction time. He also found that the female handball players were better than cricket players in eye hand coordination. 25 handball and 25 cricket female players age ranged between 18-25 were selected as subject from Punjabi university, Patiala. Electronic reaction time tester was used to collect the data of reaction time and „Ball transfer test‟ was used to measure eye hand coordination. T – test was used to compare the means of both the group.

Shejwal, Komal et. al. (2017), found significant difference between intercollegiate Volleyball and Football players. Result showed that the football players were better than volleyball players in reaction time. 60 college players age ranged from 18 to 25 years from Pravara institute of medical sciences (DU) selected as subject for the study. Reaction times of the players were measured by „Ruler Drop Reaction Time Test‟. To analyze the data descriptive statistics and t test were used and the level of significance was set at 0.05.

2.1 Objectives of the study:

 To compare the Reaction time among court players and goalkeepers in handball.

 To assess the reaction time of male handball players.

3 METHODOLOGY:

i) Samples and Sampling technique: 30 elite male junior handball players of India those were played at national level were selected as sample for the study. Out of 30 players 15 court players and 15 were goalkeepers. Age of the players was between 15 to 19 years.

ii) Method: First of all, research scholar was give the instruction about the use of Reaction Time Apparatus. Than test was conducted of all the players. Three trails were given to each player and recorded the best of three trails.

iii) Tools: Reaction time was measured by “Electronic Reaction Time Apparatus”.

iv) Statistical Techniques: In order to compare the reaction time “t” test was applied.

4 RESULT & DATA INTERPRETATION

Table 1 describes comparative data on reaction time among handball players based on their playing positions. 't' test for an independent sample was employed for this analysis.

Table No. 1 Comparison of Reaction Time among Handball Players Based on their Playing Positions

Variable

Handball Playing Positions

Goalkeepers Other Positions on Court t N Mean S.D. SEM N Mean S.D. SEM Reaction

Time 15 0.10 .006 .0015 1

5 0.09 .006 .0016 3.47**

** p<.01

Statistical values in the form of the mean for reaction time was 0.10 for goalkeepers while the standard deviation for this group was .006. The standard error of mean for a group comprising of goalkeepers was .0015.

Statistical values in the form of the mean for reaction time was 0.09 for other players apart from goalkeepers while the standard deviation for this group was .006. The standard error of the mean for a group comprising of goalkeepers was .0016.

This indicates faster reaction time in handball goalkeepers as compared to handball players other playing positions in the court (Mean difference = 0.008). The calculated 3.47 also supports this finding at .01 level of statistical significance.

The graphical representation for comparison of Reaction Time between scores of Pre Test and Post Test shown in Figure –1

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Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal

Figure – 1 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Result showed significance difference in reaction time between handball goalkeepers and other court players.

The goalkeeper's position in handball is rather unusual and requires technical and tactical skills as well as quick response (Norkowski et al. 1996). The intervention created by a goalkeeper is dependent on his quick reaction time. So there is no surprise that goalkeepers showed faster reaction time as compared to other players on the court (Sevim, 2016).

6 CONCLUSION

It was concluded that, the goalkeepers have the better reaction time than other court players. Coaches and PET‟s can use that training methods on other court players also which are using for goalkeepers to improve the reaction time of other court players.

REFERENCES

1. Colakoğlu, M., Tiryaki, S., & Moralı, S.(1993). Konsantrasyon çalışmalarının reaksiyon zamanı uzerine etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(4), 3–9.

2. Norkowski H. Piłka ręczna ‒ bramkarz, zasady gry, technika, taktyka, trening [Handball ‒ goalkeeper, riles, technique, tactics, training]. Warszawa: AWF; 1996. Polish.

3. Okoshi, T. (1976). Three-Dimensional Imaging Techniques, Academic Press, New York, [retrieved from http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/knowledge_base/virtual-worlds/EVE/III.A.1.c.DepthCues in may 2021]

4. Pal, Satinder (2018), Comparative Study among Female Cricket and Handball Players on Hand Reaction Time and Eye Hand Coordination, Indian Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Applied Science, 7 (4): 50-54

5. Paul M., Garg K., Sandhu J.S. (2012) Role of biofeedback in optimizing psychomotor performance in sports. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine,3:29.

6. Sevim Y. Handball‒dynamic game & speed training. [retrieved from www.eurohandball.com/publications]

[access: 10 September 2016].

7. Shejwal, Komal and Kumar, Neeraj (2020). Comparison of Simple Reaction Time between Volleyball and Football Playing Collegiate Athletes, International Journal of Research and Review, 7(2) : 421-424 8. https://www.realbuzz.com/articles-interests/sports-activities/article/the-beginners-guide-to-playing-

handball/.