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Design and Identification of Better Orientation Sequence and Stacking of Filament Wound Glass Epoxy Struts
1K. Vijaya Sree, 2Ravishankar D. V, 3P. Ram Reddy
1Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Aurora’s Engineering College, Bhongir,
2Dept. of Mechanical Engg. TKR College of Engg. and Tech, Hyderabad
3Dept. of Mechanical Engg. Malla Reddy College of Engg. Hyderabad
Abstract - The main objective of this paper is that the importance and implication of fiber reinforced composite material is investigated and explore for the multi industrial field. The weight reduction of the structure is not only demanded for industrial applications but also for the high specific modulus and strength. Motivation of this research work is to design the filament wound strut that can be one end fixed other end free; a condition pertaining to have an optimum helix angle is to be utilized. The present work is also incorporated Euler’s critical load equations, finite element analysis and mathematical techniques have been adopted for conducting this experiment. The simulation results of this research study will be beneficial and handy reference for further analysis of light weight engineering structures.
keywords – Finite Element analysis, filament wound struts, Euler’s critical load. ANSYS
I. INTRODUCTION
It is well known that filament wound composite struts made of glass fiber reinforced polymer have many potential advantages over struts made from conventional materials [1]-[2]. The polymer matrix composites utilized as a part of engineering applications where large deformations coupled with nonlinear behavior is a desired design parameter. Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) struts are increasingly used in aero space applications and dome like structures and atomic industry attributable to their high quality to weight proportion and great consumption resistance [3],[5]- [12].
As a matter of fact that the design of this kind of struts was optimized essentially in respective of its functional and structural load bearing behavior for internal pressure with excellent cost and effective utilization of materials [4]. Properties of composites are firmly impacted by the properties of their constituent materials, their distribution and interrelation between them. Most composites used in structural applications of glass fibers are multi layered.
Most composites used in structural applications of glass fibers are multi layered. The principal advantage of glass fibers are the low cost and high strength and poor
abrasive resistance. Orientation of fibers with respect to loading axis is an vital parameter; fiber orientation specifically influences the distribution of load between the fibers and matrix.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY AND RELATED WORK
Many research scholars made experiments and analysis has been developed the behavior and failure mechanisms of composite structures with effective helix angle.
N.Tarakciogluet.al (2006) suggested the fatigue behavior of filament wound pipes with surface crack under internal pressure and explained the damage mechanism; they conclude that failure mechanism occurs in three ways; they are whitening, deboning and delamination [1]. Lokman Gemi et.al (2009) also explained the fatigue behavior of glass/epoxy frp pipes with ±75 helix angle and concluded the same failure mechanisms [2]. Necmettin tarakcioglu et.a l(2004) conducted experiments on ±55 helix angle and explained the failure behavior of epoxy resin tubes and concluded the above three failure mechanisms [3].Jinbo Bai et.al(2006)explained the mechanical behavior of epoxy tubes [4]
Composites are not only used for pipes or tubes but those can also used for other engineering applications for example. MA.seif et.al(2006)explained the residual stresses in composite missile shells and they conclude that tangential stresses are more than the hoop stresses and maximum stresses occurs at the boundaries[5].interestingly Mehmet Emin deniz et.al (2011) explained the sea water effect on impact behavior of glass epoxy pipes, for this experiment they immersed the specimens in sea water about 9 to 12 months at 1400 temperature and concluded that deflection values increased by increasing impact energy for all conditions. They also concluded that delamination pattern is dependent upon the structure of the fabric such as the winding angle and failures are decreases with increasing specimen diameter [6].
Alexandros et.al (2009) analyze the mechanical behavior of composites and conclude that stresses are more in
hoop direction with fiber orientation in different angles[7].Ekaterina demianouchko et.al(1997) explained the stress state analysis of ±55 0 composites with damage effect.intrestingly they conclude that the stresses inside the transition zone do not depend on the size of the element but mainly on the character of anisotropy of the material and large inter laminar shear stresses present in the edge zone, and also conclude that volume fraction variation influences the stress distribution[8].
Some scientists conducted experiments on composites with cracks on surface and tested for example S.Li et.al (2005) conducted experiments on composites with transverse cracking and explained the stress distribution [9].P.matiny et.al (2002)investigate the effect of multi angle filament winding of tubular composite structures for that they considered ±600,±450and±300 and explained the failure mechanisms[10]. A.S.Kaddour et.al (2003) explained the bi axial behavior of ±450 composite tubes and concluded that the tubes are soft and exhibits larger strains[11]. Sung K.Ha et.al (2004) find the effect of winding angle of circular rings and concluded that 600 is suggested angle[12].
some research scholars used the frp composites to strengthen the concrete columns for example Hsien- Kuang liu et.al (1999)interestingly they found hybrid composites can be applied to concrete structure for support them and they can give better performance[13].M.Xia et.al (2010) created a sand wich pipe with non rein forcement material as core material reinforced material as skin layer and invented the axial strains are changes from positive to negative with respect to winding angle and hoop stresses between the inner and outer layer decreases with increase of modulus of core layer[14].some scholars like E.Mahdi et.al (2000) explained the crushing behavior of circular composite shells and concluded that stiffness increases with volume reduction increases[15].Luiz A.L.Martins et.al (2011) explained the structural and functional failures in composite tubes and tested specimens in closed end condition and suggested that change in volume fraction gives the significant results and economy also[16].some research scholars like Leif E.asp et.al (1994) try to explained the strains at the fracture state and concluded that strains are more in loading condition than the transverse condition[17].interestingly Gang li.ghen et.al(2007) added the phosphoric acid to matrix material of Kevlar fiber and found that tensile strength is increased linearly and exhibits excellent mechanical properties[18].Yu Liu et.al (2011) explained the interlaminar shear stress of glass fiber composites and found that there good enhancement of inter laminar shear strength[19].
III. EXPERIMENTATION
Popular numerical tool ANSYS were used to design a
ratio the length is calculated as 263mm, because L/K ratio for composite materials is less than or equal to 30.From EULERS buckling load formula, when one end fixed and other end free condition then different loads are calculated for different orientation angles with 60%
volumetric fraction of glass fiber and 40% of resin.
Among all the different loads (i.e. distributed loads) under different orientation angles the maximum load is calculated and took 50% more than the safe load for safe working conditions. At ±00 orientation angle the distributed load is maximum that is 1133KN and at ±500 the load is min that is 227 KN.applied the max and min loading conditions for different orientation angles Thus calculated the hoops stress and longitudinal stress at maximum and minimum loading conditions . By comparing these stresses we can obtain the accurate orientation angle. With young’s modulus, poisons ratio and rigidity modulus as per the angle-ply layup calculations .the axial and radial direction stresses are calculated. The main purpose of this research is to find best filament winding angles.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Fig. 1 explains the stress conditions of strut along the axial direction according to this diagram fibers with less orientation angles are weak in longitudinal directions but according to figures (Fig 3 and Fig44) they are strong in radial direction. If we observe the figures (Fig 5 and Fig 6), the strain conditions the fibers are responded same in longitudinal and radial directions, but from figure( Fig 6) at min loading condition the fibers are responded differently even though the strain should be less than 0.004 the figures( Fig 7, Fig 8,and Fig 9 )shows the stress and strain distribution of ±400 and fig( 10 )shows the layered arrangement .even though the material is strong in some orientation angles and weak in some orientation angle but they exhibits the good properties at
±400 and at these conditions the strain is also minimum that is less than 0.004. the maximum stress concentration is at the free end and the strain are maximum at inner layers and minimum at outer layers.
The failure may occur at free end and exhibits good enhancement in interlaminar shear stress.
Fig 1 stress conditions of strut along the axial direction
Fig 2 stress conditions of strut along the radial direction with maximum load
Fig 3 stress conditions of strut along the radial direction with minimum load
Fig 4 stress conditions of strut along the axial direction with minimum load
0 10 20 30 40 50
-0.0020 -0.0018 -0.0016 -0.0014 -0.0012 -0.0010 -0.0008 -0.0006 -0.0004 -0.0002 0.0000 0.0002
longitudinal strain hoop strain
orientation (degrees)
longitudinal strain
-0.0050 -0.0045 -0.0040 -0.0035 -0.0030 -0.0025
hoop strain
Fig 5strain distribution at min load
0 10 20 30 40 50
-0.025 -0.020 -0.015 -0.010 -0.005 0.000 0.005
longitudinal strain hoop strain
orientation (degrees)
longitudinal strain
0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025
hoop strain
Fig 6 strain distribution at maximum load
Fig7Deformed shape of the strut one end fixed and other end free condition
Fig 8 strain deformation of strut
Fig 9 strain distribution
Fig 10 Layered element
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
In this proposed paper, we have investigated the circular fiber reinforced struts which are applied for distributed load on the circumference of the one end fixed and other end free condition. We comprehend that stress and strain behaviour of fiber reinforced plastic strut is laminated with fiber orientation angle at ±400. We also conclude that the best and significant strain value that should be less than 0.004 for better performance.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the management of Aurora Engineering College, Bhongir where this work was performed and thank Dr.
Ravichandran, Professor in CSE, for helpful discussions during the course of this work.
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