Meant for cross references, citation of authorities and sources, acknowledgement and explanation for a point of view
Placed at the bottom of the page
Numbered consecutively
Single spaced
Type of Notes
Geography (U.G), SEM- IV, Paper – SEC2 : NOTES AND CITATION
Notes
Foot Note
Content Footnote Copyright permission
footnote End Note
Footnotes written at the bottom of each page, which they have instant access to this information.
A footnote is a notation at the “bottom” or “footed” of the specific page in a written printed document. Footnotes can not only indicate bibliographic, explanatory, supplemental, background information, and endnote but they can also add additional information and comments of the writer.
It is often an abbreviated extension of an in-text citation.
When a specific fact is obtained from another source, a superscript number ( more then one footnote) or symbols ( For single footnote to use, asterisk symbol, * & ⸸) and can be found within the body of the text. The corresponding comment or information will be found at the foot of the page. For Example -
A. Content footnote: It is used to provide additional information or reference that simplifies or supplements information in the text.
B. Copyright permission footnote: It is used to give credit to the source for long quotations, tables or graphs, and other lengthy information within a text.
Both are appear at the bottom of the printed page and the text that has a footnote will have a small letter or number following it.
Geography (U.G), SEM- IV, Paper – SEC2 : Notes And Citation
It is a reference, comment, or explanation.
It is written at the end of the paper or article, research paper, or chapter.
It’s main purpose is to direct users to the original source of a quotation, paraphrase, or summary.
It can be diverting to the reader if they have to flip to the back of the book each time.
It provide additional information and explanatory remarks to the main text.
It’s list at the end of your research paper but before the bibliography.
Pages are easier to read when the notes are placed at the end of the paper.
It is academic and scholarly publications.
It is affect the overall look of the page
Subject Footnotes Endnotes Location It is located at the foot or
bottom of the page
It is the end of a chapter, volume, or entire work
Significance It is easy to gain information from the footnotes since they are easy to find
The readers have to move back and forth between the main text and the endnotes.
Nature Affect the layout of the page Do not affect the layout of the page.
Geography (U.G), SEM- IV, Paper – SEC2 : Notes And Citation
Subject Footnotes Bibliography Format At first author’s first name then last
name
At first author’s last name, then first name.
Nature It indent the first line, and subsequent lines are flush left.
Other hand it entries have a hanging indent.
Accesses It is use commas and parentheses to separate elements in the entry.
But it entries use periods.
Page Numbers It is include specific page numbers
where the information was found.On the other hand it is entries
only include page numbers if they indicate the pages of a complete article or chapter.Sequence It is numbered and ordered according to where the information is
introduced in the text.
Other hand it is entries are always alphabetized and unnumbered.
A citation indicates the reliable, credible, and accurate source of your information.
It is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your work come from another source.
It tells the readers from where you took the ideas and information.
It is a information about the author.
This is done in the text itself.
It is a reference to a published or unpublished source.
There are different style guides for adding citations to your work. Example - Stating the name of the author’s and the year of publication is one such method.
This method is followed in APA style.
Citation styles is MLA, APA, and Chicago etc.
Quality of research depends on the citation.
It’s to provide scholars with further sources for their own research.
Geography (U.G), SEM- IV, Paper – SEC2 : Notes And Citation
In-Text Citation
End Citation
Citation
A. In-Text Citation:
Put a brief
reference to you source within your main text whenever you pull information or quotes from that source.B. End Citation: Works cited,
Bibliography, and Reference
page is the complete citation information which lying in the end of the papers.In-text citation
Subject Citation Footnote Nature It is refers to a reference to a book, paper,
or author, given in the body of the text itself.
Footnote refers to a piece of information printed at the bottom of a page.
Scope Contains bibliographical information Contain bibliographical information, authors, comment or additional information.
Style Allowed in all style guides Not allowed in APA style Location It is located in the text itself It is found at the bottom of
the page.
Distinguish between Citation and Footnote
Geography (U.G), SEM- IV, Paper – SEC2 : Notes And Citation