Global Compact on Migration Promises and Paradoxes
&
Need for Global, Regional and National Responses
International Workshop
25-30 November, 2018, Culcutta
Buddha Singh Kepchhaki PNCC, Kathmandu, Nepal
Outline
• Context at National & International Level
• Grievance of migrant population in general
• Initiation & Status of GCM
• Promises & Objectives
• Paradoxes: conflict of interest
• Way Forward
Context
• International migration at high peak
• Trends of migrating to developed countries
• More push factors than pull factors
• 258 million migrant population at global level
• 32 million in gulf and middle east
• Category: migrant workers, refugees, asylum seekers
Grievance s in General
Homelessness
Insecurity
Self Humiliation
Mental &
Physical Torture Restriction in
Mobility Exploitation
Sexual Abuses
Initiation & Status of GCM
• UN General Assembly on 19
thSept, 2016 on migration and refugee issues
• NY Declaration for Refugees & Migrants: 193 UN nations in recognized need for a comprehensive approach to
human mobility & enhanced cooperation
• Series of consultations and negotiations through an
open, transparent and inclusive process to draft on GCM
• Consultations as per the 6 different thematic issues with
24 sub-headings identified by The New York Declaration
Status and Negotiations on GCM
Global Level
First Intergovernmental Negotiations in NY 20-23 February 2018
Intergovernmental Negotiations on 12-15 March 2018 at UN HQ
GCM draft adoption in Morocco in December, 2018
In Nepal
On 15th August, 2017 Ministries and Departments of the GoN
Dissemination of Nepal’s Position Paper on 12 January, 2018
Multi-Stakeholders Consultations :
On 30th August 2017
On 6th September 2017
On 21 December 2017
Meeting of CP member on September 13th, 2018
What is GCM?
• a non-legally binding agreement grounded with
cooperative approach to optimize the overall benefits of migration
• framed in consistent with target 10.7 of the 2030 Agenda for SDG
• tries to address risks and challenges for individuals
and communities in countries of origin, transit and
destination.
Values and Principles
• common Understanding and Shared Responsibilities, and Unity of Purpose on migration
• people-centred & international cooperation
• rule of law, due process & sustainable development
• human rights, gender-responsive, child-sensitive,
“Making Migration Work for All”
Promises ?
• commitment from Member States to cooperate internationally to facilitate safe, orderly and regular migration
• protection of the safety, dignity and human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their migratory status, and at all times
• promotes the well-being of migrants and the members of communities in countries of origin, transit and destination
• commitment to eliminate all forms of discrimination, including racism, xenophobia and intolerance against migrants & their families
• contribution to enhanced/strengthened cooperation on international migration in all its dimensions by developing a cooperative framework
• forge Common Understanding and Shared Responsibilities, and Unity of Purpose on migration
Thematic Clusters
One: The human rights of all migrants; social cohesion; inclusion; and all forms of discrimination, including racism, xenophobia, and intolerance
Two: Addressing the drivers of migration, including the adverse effects of climate change, natural disasters, and human made crises, through protection and
assistance, sustainable development, poverty eradication, conflict prevention and resolution
Three: International cooperation and governance of migration in the cycle of governance
Four: Contribution of migrants and diaspora, to all dimension of sustainable development, including remittance, and probability of earned benefits
Five: Smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons and contemporary forms of slavery, including appropriate identification, protection and assistance to
migrants and trafficking victims
Six: Irregular migration and regular pathways, including decent work, labour mobility, recognition of skills and qualifications, and other relevant measures
Core Objectives of GCM
1. Collect and utilize accurate and disaggregated data as a basis for evidence- based policies
2. Minimize the adverse drivers and structural factors that compel people to leave their country of origin
3. Provide accurate and timely information at all stages of migration 4. Ensure that all migrants have proof of legal identity and adequate
documentation
5. Enhance availability and flexibility of pathways for regular migration
6. Facilitate fair and ethical recruitment and safeguard conditions that ensure decent work
7. Address and reduce vulnerabilities in migration
8. Save lives and establish coordinated international efforts on missing migrants
9. Strengthen the transnational response to smuggling of migrants
Core Objectives Contd ………
10. Prevent, combat and eradicate trafficking in persons in the context of international migration
11. Manage borders in an integrated, secure and coordinated manner 12. Strengthen certainty and predictability in migration procedures for
appropriate screening, assessment and referral
13. Use migration detention only as a measure of last resort and work towards alternatives
14. Enhance consular protection, assistance and cooperation throughout the migration cycle
15. Provide access to basic services for migrants
16. Empower migrants and societies to realize full inclusion and social cohesion 17. Eliminate all forms of discrimination and promote evidence-based public
discourse to shape perceptions of migration
Core Objectives Contd ………
18. Invest in skills development and facilitate mutual recognition of skills, qualifications and competences
19. Create conditions for migrants and diasporas to fully contribute to sustainable development in all countries
20. Promote faster, safer and cheaper transfer of remittances and foster financial inclusion of migrants
21. Cooperate in facilitating safe and dignified return and readmission, as well as sustainable reintegration
22. Establish mechanisms for the portability of social security entitlements and earned benefits
23. Strengthen international cooperation and global partnerships for safe, orderly and regular migration
Paradoxes: Conflict of Interest
developed countries
• more focus on immigration and refugee issues
• threat to their national security and economic order
developing countries and countries
• migration, a natural phenomena contributing to the economy and development of receiving countries
• treatment based on the principal of human rights
and justice whether regardless of migratory status.
Way Forward
• concerted efforts at global, regional, national levels, including UN system
• build on the technical expertise and experience of relevant
agencies within the UN system to support the efforts of Member States in implementation of objectives & actionable commitments
• Employ the technical expertise of the Regional Economic
Commissions and UN country Teams to support implementation efforts of Member States at regional & national levels
• Align and review the set-up of the UN system on migration with the ongoing management and development system reform
initiatives in order to ensure system-wide coherence
Way Forward Contd…….
• Strengthen the role of the IOM in the UN system for the full and effective implementation of the Global Compact
• Establish a capacity-building mechanism that allows Member States, the UN and other stakeholders, including the private sector and philanthropic foundations, to contribute technical, financial and human resources to strengthen capacities of national & subnational authorities on migration
• bring our national actions and cooperation frameworks at all levels in line with the objectives and actionable commitments herein, taking into
account our countries’ specific migration realities and priorities
• Implement the Global Compact in cooperation and partnership with civil society, migrant and diaspora organizations, cities and local communities, the private sector, trade unions, parliamentarians, National Human Rights Institutions, academia, and the media
