Marijuana (also called grass, pot, tea, weed, or refer), a green herb from the flower of the hemp plant, is considered a mild hallucinogen. A synthetic form of the active chemical in marijuana, Tetra Hydro cannabinol (THC), is approved for prescription use by cancer patients who suffer from severe nausea after receiving chemotherapy (cancer drug treatment). This finding suggests that ACE has potential insulin-sensitizing activity like rosiglitazone and may improve type 2 diabetes. The in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory potential of the hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus (AC) and its principal components were evaluated based on Ellman's method.
The flowers are white or lilac, 0.25 inches long, and appear in several clusters towards the tips of the branches. Medicinal uses: It is used as a household herb, is especially used in the treatment of disorders of the digestive system and as it stimulates sweating, it is useful in reducing fever. It is a low herb with limp stems that lie on the ground and root at the lower joints, or hang over the sides of the pot.
The effects of the drug strongly depend on the dose, route of administration, previous exposure to the drug and the user's expectations. This trade has greatly declined due to the large-scale production of the drug by the Chinese themselves. The most important event in the chemical history of the drug was the discovery of the first known alkaloid, morphine, by Sertürner in 1811.
Chemical composition. The characteristic constituents of opium are the alkaloids, of which about twenty have been discovered. Physiologically, opium and its main alkaloid mainly affect the functions of the cerebral and spinal cord systems. It first stimulates and paralyzes the cardiac motor ganglia and vagus end organs.
It is also added to topical preparations for inflammation of the eye and injections against gonorrhea. Opium poppy was transformed with a constitutively expressed cDNA of codeinone reductase (PsCor1.1), which is the penultimate step in morphine synthesis. Two cycles of crossing the best transgenic line into an elite high-morphine genotype.
This increase occurred without a change in the proportion of individual alkaloids or together with a general increase in the proportion of morphine. All parts of the plant are poisonous if eaten, causing nausea and convulsions, especially the fleshy tuberous roots. The famous Poison Hemlock of Greek history and of Macbeth's witches (Conium maculatum, L.)—the basis of Socrates' possibility of death—is also a member of the parsley family, native to Europe and Asia, but now widely naturalized in the United States in wastes on both sides of the continent .
The poisonous principle - an alkaloid called conia or conine - is permanently present in the seeds and only temporarily in other parts of the plant.
Aconitum ferox
The root is used to induce abortion against abdominal discomfort, gonorrhea, jaundice and hemoglobinuric bile. The drop in blood pressure is not the result of a direct effect on the vessels. Respiration becomes slower due to the paralytic action on the respiratory center and in warm-blooded animals; death is the result of this action, respiration stops before the action of the heart.
Aconite further suppresses the activity of all nerve terminals, the sensory being affected before the motor. The brain is totally unaffected by aconite, consciousness and intelligence remain normal to the end. The antipyretic action with considerable doses of aconite display is not specific, but is the result of its influence on the circulation and respiration, and of its slight diaphoretic effect.
It has been used in India and Nepal to treat neuralgia, leprosy, fever, cholera and rheumatism. When the roots are soaked in cow's urine, they soften and lose their depressant effect on the heart, instead becoming a stimulant. As a hunting poison, Aconitum was used in areas of Africa, Asia, Europe and America.
Anamirta cocculus
Mode of action: It appears to competitively suppress presynaptic inhibition in the vertebrate spinal cord and not affect postsynaptic inhibitory processes. The generalization that only its picrotoxinin (II) component was active and that picrotin (III) was inactive was also of interest, since their only difference is hydration of the isopropenyl group. The whole fruits are used to stupefy fish, being thrown into the water for that purpose.
Picrotoxin is a powerful convulsant poison used chiefly to control night sweats in phthisis by its action in quickening respiration, but is not always successful. It was once used to adulterate beers, enhancing their intoxicating reputation; is an antidote in morphine poisoning.
Cannabis sativa
Papaver somniferum
Morphine is generally used instead of opium where the pain and spasms are too severe.
Citrullus colocynthis
Croton tiglium
Opium not only relieves the pain, but it also relaxes the spasm accompanying the passage of the concretions. Distribution: It is native to tropical Asia from India to New Guinea and Java, north to Indonesia and China. The dose is very small; a drop placed on the tongue of a comatose patient will generally operate. It is mainly used in cases of obstinate constipation, often with success where other medicines have failed.
Applied externally it causes inflammation of the skin accompanied by pustular eruptions, and is used as a counter-irritation in rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, bronchitis, etc.
Gloriosa superba
Nerium oleander
Plumbago zeylanicum
Ayurvedic doctors recommend the root of this herb for dyspepsia, piles, anasarca, diarrhoea, skin diseases, etc.
Cicuta maculata
Bhattacharjee I, Chatterjee SK, Chatterjee S, Chandra G. Antibacterial potential of Argemone mexicana solvent extracts against some pathogenic bacteria. http://www.indianetzone.com/2/coleus.htm. Erythrina Species - Pantropical multifunctional tree legumes. http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0b.htm. Willard, T., The Wild Rose Scientific Herbal, Wild Rose College of Natural Healing Ltd, Alberta, Canada, 1991.
