Horticultural Technology

Horticultural Technology

Dr. Anand Kumar Singh

DDG (Hort. Sciences)

ICAR

Arka Suprabhath

Amrapali X Arka Anmol ,regular and bunch bearing

Yield potential 35-40 kg / plant, Pulp deep orange, firm with

>70% recovery. TSS (>22°B), acidity (0.12%),

Carotenoids (6 mg/100g FW) & flavonoids (3.44 mg/100g FW).

Shelf life of 8-10 days @ RT

Arunika

Ambika Amrapali X Janardhan Pasand

Regular bearing; fruits oblong oval, dark yellow pulp; TSS 21°B

Hybrid between Amrapali X Vanraj Regular bearing; fruits orange yellow with red blush, Orange yellow pulp;

TSS 24.6°B

Varieties developed by ICAR Institutes

Kamsari x Purple Local Pink pulp

High Lycopene (6-7mg/100g) TSS (12° Brix)

Suitable for high density planting& processing

Fruit weight 180 -200 g

Arka Kiran

Lalit

Shweta

Dhawal

Lalima

Suitable for both fresh and processing purpose

Pulp firm and pink.

Fruits weigh 185-200 g Yield 90kg/ plant

Selection -- half sibs of apple guava

For both fresh & processing Pulp is pink, fruit wt: 225 g Yield 90kg/ plant

Round fruits, wt-- 200-250 g, TSS 13.4°B, acidity 0.42 per cent &

vitamin C >250 mg per 100 g fruit

Fruit wt of 190 g & TSS 13.7 °B)

Grape Variety suitable for processing

Manjari Medika

• Teinturier variety suitable for juice

• Exceptionally high anthocyanin (4.0 g / kg)

•

• Antioxidant & anti-cancerous

• Seed oil rich in vitamin E & beneficial fatty acids

• Zero waste processing model developed

Manjari Naveen

• Clonal selection from Centennial Seedless

• Self-thinning of bunches & Early ripening

• Uniform bold white seedless berries with firm pulp

• Mild Vanessa flavour

Manjari Kishmish

• A white clonal selection from Kishmish Rozavis

• Raisin recovery 9 to 10 tons/ha Yield 32 to 35 tons/ha

Grape Variety suitable for table and raisin making

Banana Varieties

Kaveri Saba

• Dual purpose variety.

• Tolerant to drought.

• Suitable for saline sodic &

marginal soils.

• Extended green life of 7- 8 days.

Kaveri Kanya

• Dual purpose variety

• Allows staggered harvesting of hands

• Suitable for homestead gardens.

• The fruit pedicel attachment is strong.

Kaveri Haritha

• High yield in main & two ratoons.

• Suitable for all types of soil including marginal soils.

• 25 days earlier than Monthan variety.

A B C

Parent with starchy fruits Hybrid with dessert fruits -NPL-33

Carotenoid rich (dessert hybrid banana) Quyantity?

Developed carotenoid rich dessert hybrid bananas

➢ NRCC mandarin seedless - 4: Less Seed (2.62 seed per fruit as compared to Nagpur mandarin (12-15 seeds/fruit). Fruits very palatable with 10-11% TSS and 0.6 to 0.75 % acidity and yield 25-30 tonne/ha.

➢ Cutter Valencia : Processable variety of sweet orange with high juice content (45-50%), soft yellow coloured segments, fruit weight 200-230g, December maturity &

can be retained on trees till February, yield 21-30 t/ha.

➢ Flame Grapefruit : Fruit colour very attractive with pink blush on surface, tender segments with high juice content and commercially seedless, flesh red coloured, fruit weight 350-400g, yield 25 t/ha.

Citrus Varieties

NRCC Acid lime-7 :

High yielding variety (yield potential 55-60t/ha) with high juice content (50.55%) and very attractive yellow fruit colour.

NRCC Acid lime-8 :

Cluster bearing variety and very

high yielding (yield potential 60-

65 t/ha).

3 coconut: Kalpa Sreshta (hybrid), Kalpa Shatabdi & Kalpa Ratna CARI Surya, CARI Anapurna, CARI Chandan, CARI Omkar

1 arecanut: Shata mangala, CARI Samridhi 1 cocoa: Nethra Centura

212 accessions added to germplasm

17 coconut , 14 arecanut, 171 cocoa accessions added to Institute germplasm collection

Forty lakh planting materials sold & Rs. 10 crores realized [coconuts-3.95, arecanut-25.04, cocoa-2.92 ]

PLANTATION CROPS -Varieties developed

Tissue Culture protocol of date palm, coconut, arecanut and pomegranate

Tissue culture & mass multiplication

technologies validated and commercialized

Date palm

Kalparasa

Ice box technology

developed for sap collection from coconut

Extracted from coconut

inflorescence, unfermented, hygienic, nutritionally rich and chemical free.

A healthy palm can produce 1

to 4 litres of sap in a day and

can give Rs. 3, 37, 500 return

from 100 trees/year.

Promising CASHEW hybrid: Hybrid 130

▪ Highly precocious, bold nut (13 g) & big apple (>100 g)

▪ High yield (>3 kg in 3

^rd

year)

▪ Suitable for high density and ultra density planting.

▪ Long duration fruiting and bunch bearing.

▪ High shelling (29.5%) & supreme kernel

grade (W-110 to W-150).

• Yield potential 7-8t oil/ha/year

• Dwarf & high yielding hybrids with production potential of 6-7t of oil/ha/year

Oil Palm Hybrids

Three tenera hybrids with high oil yield developed, Suitable for Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Goa.

Five new seed gardens established

Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Mizoram Annual production potential of 35 lakh sprouts

Technology for oil palm hybrid seed

production standardized to produce

quality tenera hybrid seeds.

Improved varieties of pomegranate

Solapur Anardana Characters ^Amlidana

Medium (2.0-2.3) Tree height (m) Medium (1.4-1.5) 135-140 Fruit maturity (days ) 140-145

22-24 Yield (t/ha) 9-11

290-298 Fruit weight (g) 225-230

Red Fruit colour Yellow

Medium (3.3-3.5) Rind thickness (mm) Thin (1.8-2.0)

33-34 100 Aril weight (g) 35-36

Red Aril colour Light Pink

Medium Seed Texture Medium

16.6-16.8 TSS (°Brix) 15.7-15.9

18.2-18.6 Vitamin-C (mg/100g) 14.2-14.6

457-467 Anthocyanin (mg/100g) 45-55

4.7-4.9 Acidity (%) 4.1-4.3

Comparative performance of Solapur Anardana vs. Amlidana

Solapur Lal

Characters

^Bhagwa

Medium (2.0-2.3) Tree height (m) Medium (1.8-2.1) 160-165 Fruit maturity (days ) 180-185

23-27 Yield (t/ha) 16-20

280-290 Fruit weight (g) 287-297

Red Fruit colour Red

Medium (3.3-3.5) Rind thickness (mm) Medium (3.3-3.5)

40-41 100 Aril weight (g) 35-36

Dark Red Aril colour Red

Medium Seed Texture Soft

45-50 Juice % 43-48

17.5-17.7 TSS (°Brix) 15.7-15.9

19.4-19.8 Vitamin-C (mg/100g) 14.2-14.6

385-395 Anthocyanin (mg/100g) 355-365

5.6 – 6.1 Iron (mg/100g of fresh arils) 2.7-3.2 0.64– 0.69 Zinc (mg/100g of fresh arils) 0.50-0.54

Comparative performance of Solapur Lal vs. Bhagwa

Potato Varieties Developed

Kufri Manik Kufri FyoM

• Yield (30-35 t/ha),

• tuber dry matter (20%) and French fry colour (3.3),

• resistant to late blight and PVY

• suitable for north west and central Indian plains.

Processing potato variety

Biofortified potato varieties

• Yield (23-25 t/ha),

• rich in micronutrients, carotenoids,

anthocyanin,

• dry matter (19%) and resistant to late blight and virus, common scab and black scurf

• suitable for eastern Indian plains.

Kufri Neelkanth

• Yield (35-40 t/ha),

• rich in antioxidants (anthocyanin &

carotenoids),

• dry matter (18- 19%)

• resistant to late blight

• suitable for north Indian plains.

Kufri Lima

• Yield (30-35 t/ha),

• tolerant to early high temperature stress,

• dry matter (19-20%)

• resistant hopper burn and mite

• resistant to PVX and PVY

• suitable for north Indian plains.

Early heat stress tolerant potato variety

Kufri Mohan Kufri Ganga Kufri Karan Kufri Sahayadri

Table potato variety

• Yield (35-40 t/ha),

• tuber dry matter (16-18%)

• moderately

resistant to late blight

• suitable for north &

eastern Indian plains.

• Yield (35-40 t/ha),

• tuber dry matter (17- 18%),

• resistant to late blight & perform well under drought conditions

• suitable for north Indian plains.

Multiple disease resistant variety

• Yield (25 t/ha),

• tuber dry matter (18%),

• resistant to late blight, viruses (PALCV, PVY, PVX, PLRV, PVA, PVM & potato cyst nematode),

• suitable for hills and plateau regions.

Potato cyst nematode resistant variety

• Yield (32 t/ha),

• tuber dry matter (18%),

• high resistant to

potato cyst

nematode),

• suitable for Nilgiri hills.

Onion Varieties for Kharif season

BHIMA SUPER

• Attractive red, globe shape,

• Average yield 20-22 t/ha,

• Suitable for making dehydrated rings as well as salad

BHIMA DARK RED

• Dark red, flat-globe shape,

• Average yield 22-24 t/ha

Onion Varieties for Kharif & Rabi season

BHIMA RAJ

• Dark red, globe shape,

• Average yield

Kharif - 24-26 t/ha Rabi - 25-30 t/ha

BHIMA RED

Medium red, flat-globe shape, Average yield

Kharif - 19-21 t/ha Rabi - 30-32 t/ha

Onion Varieties for Rabi season

BHIMA SHAKTI

• Attractive red, flat-globe shape,

• Good bulb storability

• Average yield

Rabi - 28-30 t/ha

Late Kharif - 35-40 t/ha BHIMA KIRAN

• Light red, globe shape,

• Average yield 28-32 t/ha,

• Good bulb storability

BHIMA LIGHT RED

• Light red, globe shape,

• Average yield 36-40 t/ha,

• Good bulb storability

Onion variety for Rabi and Late Kharif

White Onion Varieties

BHIMA SHWETA

• Attractive white, flat-globe shape

• Suitable for Rabi,

• Average yield 26-30 t/ha

BHIMA SHUBHRA

• Attractive white, globe shape,

• Suitable for Kharif and Late Kharif

• Average yield

Kharif - 18-20 t/ha

Kharif and Late Kharif - 36-42 t/ha

BHIMA SAFED

• White, globe shape,

• Suitable for Kharif,

• Average yield 18-20 t/ha,

• Suitable for table and processing purpose

Kashi Abhimaan (Hybrid)

• Processing type, medium fruit size

• Yield 875-925 q/ha

Kashi Aman

• Pedigree & Marker Assisted Selection

• Resistant to ToLCV

• Yield 550 q/ha

Kashi Uttam

• Fruit colour light purple, average weight 250g

• Very soft flesh, prone to logging under high moisture condtion

• Yield potential: 500-600 q/ha.

Tomato

Brinjal

Vegetable Varieties

Kashi Abha

• Tolerant to anthracnose, chilli leaf curl, thrips and mites.

• Suitable for green fruit production, fruit 5 – 6 cm long and 1.5 – 1.8 cm thick, highly pungent

• Suitable for export

Kashi Ratna (Kashi Hybrid)

• CMS-based hybrid for table purpose

• High yielding (210 q/ha green fruit) with 46

% higher yield than the check Kashi Anmol

Kashi Tej (Hybrid)

• CMS-based dual purpose hybrid

• High yield potential (150 q/ha green fruits and 35-40 q/ha dry fruit)

• Resistant to anthracnose fruit rot and tolerant to thrips

Chilli

Kashi Samridhi

• Semi-determinate; resistant to powdery mildew

• Smooth pods with 7-8 bold & round seeds

• Yield 120-140 q/ha.

Kashi Kanchan

• Bush type, Photo-insensitive with dark green pods

• Resistant to CGMV and Pseudocercospora

• Yield 150-200 q/ha

Kashi Nidhi

• Bush type, photoperiod-insensitive & early (50-55 days)

• Resistant to GMV and Cercospora cruenta

• Yield: 125-150 q/ ha green pods.

Vegetable pea

Cowpea

Kashi Haritima

• High yielding, bears tender and parchment free pod

• Moderately resistant to Dolichos Yellow Mosaic Virus disease

Indian bean

French bean

Kashi Rajhans

• Fleshy round dark green pods, Yield 240 q/ha

• Tolerance to high temperature and flowering-fruiting continued up to temperature 34ºC.

Kashi Lohit

• Attractive red root, lyrate leaf with red petiole.

• High in anthocyanins (39.9 μg/g FW), vitamin-C (32.3%

higher than white) and antioxidant activity (99.4% higher than white).

• High yielding (43.0 t/ha).

Radish

Kashi Kriti

• Resistant to downey mildew

• Tolerant to low (up to 10 ºC) and high temp, hence suitable for winter and summer both season.

• Yield 500-550 q/ha

Bottle gourd

Kundal

• Fruit pear shape, suitable for winter season cultivation.

• Resistant to powdery and downey mildew

• Yiled potential 550-600q/ha

Pointed gourd

Kashi Suphal

• Light green fruit colour with mild stripe

• Fruit length 6-7 cm and diameter 2.5-3.0 cm

• Yield potential 195-197 q/ha

Kashi Shrishti

• Short internode, dark green fruit having 12-15 cm length & 1.4-1.5 cm diameter.

• Tolerant to YVMV disease

• Yield potential is 190-180 q/ha which is 20% higher over check.

Kashi Lalima

• It is a reddish purple variety rich in anthocyanin content.

• Tolerant to YVMV and ELCV diseases.

• Yield potential is 140-150 q/ha which is 15.68% more than the check

Okra

Kashi Bathua -2

• Leaves having good source of vitamin C 140- 150 mg/ 100 g FW, vitamin A, folic acid and minerals.

• Suitable for making leaf concentrate and dry leaf powder.

• Yield: 350-365 q/ha

Kashi Bathua -2

• Procumbent/ climbing growth habit

• Excellent source of antioxidants (CUPRAC 26.5 µmol TE/g FW and FRAP 4.2 µmol TE/g FW) with low oxalate content (347.7 mg/100 g FW)

• Yield: 475-500 q/ha

Chenopod (Bathua)

Basella (Poi)

Tomato: Thar Anant

• Developed through mutation breeding

• High lycopene content (7.9mg/100g).

• Tolerant to heat stress & drought

• High yield potential (54.5t/ha).

• Suitable for cultivation in semi-arid regions

• Resistant to four diseases - ToLCVD (Ty2+Ty3)+BW+EB+LB (Ph2 + Ph3)

• Semi-determinate

• Oblate round, firm & medium size (90-100g)

• Suitable for summer, kharif & rabi cultivation

• Yields 70-75 t/ha in 140-150 days

Tomato: Arka Abhed

Dual purpose tomato hybrids for fresh market &

processing

• Yield potential of 75-80 t/ha.

• Suitable for paste, ketchup & sauce

• TSS: 4.5

^o

Brix

• Colour value: 1.98-2.12,

• Acidity: 0.32-0.36%,

• Lycopene: 8.5-10.5 mg/100g

• Firmness: 4.09-5.41 kg/cm

²

Arka Vishesh

Arka Apeksha

Cauliflower (Pusa KesarivitA 1) :

• Bio-fortified beta carotene (8.0 – 10.0ppm)

• suitable for Sept. – Jan.

• marketable curd weight is about 1.2 kg

• Average yield 40.0 – 45.0 t/ha.

Muskmelon (Pusa Sarda) :

• Variety with golden yellow, roundish to elongated globe shaped fruits

• Average weight 1.1 kg. Maturity 85-90 days. TSS 13.6⁰B.

• Average yield is 5.44 t/1000 m² under net-house.

Muskmelon (Pusa Madhurima) :

• Fruit surface is grooved with moderate netting which increases its shelf life.

• Average fruit weight of 775 g.

• Maturity 80 days. TSS 12⁰Brix.

• Average yield 22.45 t/ha

Cucumber (Pusa Seedless Cucumber-6) :

• Extra early (40-45 days for first fruit harvest) parthenocarpic gynoecious variety

• suitable for protected cultivation.

• Average fruit yield is 126 t/ha (1260 kg/ 100 m

²

) during November-March priod.

Long melon (Pusa Utkarsh) :

• This is suitable for spring summer season cultivation under North Indian plains.

• Maturity 45-50 days. Each fruit weighs 130- 145g at marketable stage.

• Average fruit yield 29.2 t/ha.

Round melon (Pusa Raunak) :

• Fruits matures in 55-60 days.

• Fruit is medium size, weighs 60g at marketable stage.

• Average fruit yield 7.59 t/ha during spring

summer season.

Chilli: Arka Khyati

CMS based hybrid for fresh market Fruits 12 X 1cm; light green, medium pungency

Yield of 40-45 t/ha (fresh) & 5-5.5 t/ha (dry) in 180 days

Onion: Arka Bheem

Tri-parental synthetic variety

Red to pinkish red elongated globe bulbs

Yield 47t/ha in 130 days.

Arka Khyati Arka Bheem

French bean : Arka Sharath

Round, string less & no parchment Plants are bushy and photo insensitive Yield potential of 18.5 t/ha in 70 days.

Yard Long bean: Arka Mangala

Pole type & photo insensitive, Pods are long (75cm) green round Stringless with smooth surface, Pod yield of 25 t/ha

Arka Sharath Arka Mangala

Vegetable Amaranth: Arka Samraksha

High antioxidant activity of 499mg (AEAC units) Minimum nitrate & oxalates

Yields 10-11 t/ha in 30-35 days

Vegetable Amaranth: Arka Varna

High antioxidant activity of 420mg (AEAC units) Minimum nitrate &

oxalates

Yields 10-12 t/ha in 30-35 days

Arka Varna Arka Samraksha

Ajmer Coriander-1 (ACr-1)

(Resistant to Stem Gall and tolerant to Powdery Mildew disease)

Recommended area: Rajasthan Salient features

▪Average yield 11.7 q/ha

▪Maturity 150-160 days

▪Resistant to stem gall

Ajmer Coriander-1 (ACr-1)

Resistant to Stem Gall and tolerant to Powdery Mildew disease

Recommended area: Rajasthan, Haryana, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttarakhand and Chhattisgarh

Salient features

•Average yield 12.9 q/ha

•Maturity 120-130 days

•Resistant to stem gall

Seed and Spices varieties

Ajmer Coriander-3 (ACr-3)

(Resistant to Stem Gall and tolerant to Powdery Mildew disease)

Recommended area: Rajasthan Salient features

• Average yield 16.8 q/ha

• Maturity 120-130 days

• Moderately resistant to powdery mildew

Ajmer Fenugreek-4 (Afg-4)

Year of Release: 2016 {Gazette notification No.S.O.366(E) 06.12.2016}

Recommended area: Rajasthan Salient features

•Average yield 19.25 q/ha

•Maturity 122-130 days

•Moderately resistant to powdery mildew & root rot

High yielding industry oriented varieties of SPICES

Crop Variety Yield Quality attribute 1.Black pepper ^{Panniyur 1} 2842 kg/ha (dry) High yield

IISR Thevam 2481 kg/ha (dry) Tolerant to Phytphthora Subhakara 2670 kg/ha (dry) High oil, 6.0%

Pallode-2 2475 kg/ha (dry) High oleoresin, 15.5%

Panniyur 2 2570 kg/ha (dry) High piperine, 6.6%

2. Cardamom Appangala 1 745 kg/ha (dry) High oil, 8.7%

PV 2 982 kg/ha (dry) High oil, 10.5%

3.Turmeric IISR Prathiba, Pragati 37.5 t/ha (fresh) High curcumin, 5.5%

Megha Turmeric 23.0 t/ha (fresh) High curcumin, 6.8%

Sudarsana 29.3 t/ha (fresh) High essential oil, 7.0%

IISR Alleppey Supreme 35.4 t/ha (fresh) High oleoresin, 16.0%

4.Ginger IISR Mahima 23.2 t/ha (fresh) Low fibre, 3.3%

Aswathy 23.0 t/ha (fresh) High essential oil, 3.3%

5.Nutmeg IISR Viswahree 480 kg/ha (mace) High myristicin, 22.0%

6.Cinnamon IISR Navashree 200 kg/ha (quills) High oleoresin, 10.0%

High Performing Spices Varieties

Nano curcumin

crystals under SEM ^Curcumincrystals under SEM Curcumin^{Insoluble) (Soluble)}

Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, possesses diverse pharmacologic effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activities. Phase I clinical trials have shown that curcumin is safe even at high doses (12g/day) in humans but exhibit poor bioavailability. To make it bio-available, nano-curcumin has been made using a simpler sonication based protocol. The nano-curcumin thus developed has 2.5 fold increased solubility in both water as well as in virgin coconut oil. This can be used as potential enhanced bio-available formulation of Curcumin

Nano-curcumin for enhancing bioavailabilty

DFR Gladiolus hybrid-31 (Hunting Song x Ocilla)

DFR Gladiolus hybrid 87- 1 (Yellow Stone x Blues)

DFR Gladiolus hybrid-39 (Invitatie x Novalux)

Chrysanthemum & Tuberose

• Suitable for loose flower production.

• The average plant height is 65.30 cm, plant spread (52.37 cm).

DFR C 1

• Double type

• Ideal as loose flower

DFR C 2

DFR C 3

• Single type

• Ideal as pot mum

Dwarf Tuberose (PR 9)

High starch, β- carotene, anthocyanin rich sweet potato

ST-10 ST-13 ST-14

Dry matter (%) : 27.4-32.5 Total Starch (%) : 20.8-23.9 Cooking quality : Fair

Average Yield : 18 t ha^-1 Anthocyanin : 90mg/100g

Dry matter (%) : 27-29 Total Starch (%) : 21.4-23.8

Cooking quality : Good & mealy Average Yield : 19.8 t ha^-1

β carotene :14mg/100g

Consumption of 35g of Orange-fleshed ST-14 sweet potato/day is sufficient to meet RDA requirement of an Indian adult for a day.

Tuber Crop - Cassava

Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra & Kerala

High Yield: 45 t ha^-1; Potential : 80 t ha^-1 Resistant to cassava mosaic disease

High starch: 28-32%

Sree Reksha

High Yield: Average : 45 t ha^-1

Resistance to cassava mosaic disease Starch:27-29%

Tolerance to PPD

Better keeping quality Sree Sakthi

High yielding strains of mushroom released

3 shiitake mushroom

1 button mushroom 2 paddy straw mushroom

1 oyster mushroom 1 milky mushroom

1 macrocybe mushroom

Temp range 16-18 ⁰C Temp range 16-18 ⁰C

Developed world’s first two non-browning varieties of white button mushroom

Shelf life 2-3 days at room temperature (6-7 days at refrigerated conditions )

Temp range 16-20⁰C

DMR-Shiitake-388s

Developed Short duration cultivation technique for shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) on wheat straw

• This technology has reduced the cropping cycle from 90- 100 days to 45-47 days with the Biological Efficiency of 110-130 %.

In 2019, patent was granted for this achievement

High density planting in apple

Cumulative yield under different densities Canopy management

system

Number of plants /ha (spacing)

Recommended rootstock

Average yield (t/ha) (Age of plants)

Modified Central Leader System

625 (4x4m) 1600 (2.5x2.5) 2222 (3.0x1.5)

Seedling M-106

M-9

25-40 (10-12 yrs) 40-45 (8-10yrs) 30-35 (7-8 yrs)

Cordon system 8888 (1.5 x 0.75 m) M-9 55-60 (4 yr )

Espalier 2222 (1.5 x 3.0m) M-9 62-66 (5 yrs)

Vertical Axis 8888 (1.5 x 0.75m) M-9 58-62 (5 yr)

Modified Centre Leader Espalier System Vertical axis system

Aeroponics- Potato Seed Production

• Plants are grown in

troughs, tubes or other type of chambers

• Roots are hanged in space and are periodically bathed in

nutrient mist

• Easily absorb nutrients

• Easily absorb oxygen

• Less chance of root zone

diseases

Transplanting Technology:

to enhance farmers income in ginger and turmeric

•Planting material 500-750 kg against 2 Ton/ha.

•Cost saving (Rs. 50,000/ha)

•Freedom from disease

•Field establishment: 98 – 100%

•Suitable for customized planting

Outbreak of Fusarium wilt TR-4 in India and its management using ICAR-FUSICONT technology

A new disease TR-4 banana wilt entered the country through Nepal severely affecting 1600 ha in Uttar Pradesh more than 1000 ha in Bihar.

Annual loss of 39 crores and if proliferated will result in loss of more than 1000 crores

Scientist identified new strain of fungi Trichoderma reesei that can check the disease Developed a bio-formulation ICAR-FUSICONT using the strain on a patented media

Technology tested in over 142 acres of affected regions in Bihar and U.P

. and prevented the loss of 2.98 crores during the year 2018-19.

A total of 52 awareness program was conducted and farmers community groups were formed .

ICAR-FUSICONT IMPACT

53

After IDIPM Before IDIPM

Bacterial blight management schedule developed, validated and demonstrated in pomegranate

Schedule validated in 41 orchards in 3 states during 2008-2015

•Disease reduction up to 86.04 %

•Increased marketable Yield by 79.5%

•Cost:Benefit :1:4.19

C:B ratio based on cost of cultivation and income from sale of produce

Year of adoption

Income from Produce (Rs.)

Cost of Cultivation (Rs)

Net Profit (Rs) Cost Benefit ratio

1st Yr 2,39,076.25 71,747.69 1,69,086.17 1:2.36

2nd yr 4,22,729.39 76,264.38 3,28,828.93 1:4.31

IPM for mango fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis

Involves Pre-Harvest Practices

• Sanitation + intercultural operations + MAT trap + one spray of insecticide – Deltamethrin 0.0028%.

• Install Methyl eugenol traps @ 6-8 /Ac

(area-wide management is

recommended).

• Apply bait splashes at 10 day interval with 0.1 % jaggery + suitable toxicant on tree trunks (towards fruit maturity)

• Avoid delay in harvest.

This method brings down fruit fly infestation from

20% to below 2%

Site specific nutrient management for targeted yield

Packages for organic cultivation & GAP of spices

Crop Specific micronutrient mixtures for Spices

Intercropping in spices

Yield increase ranged from 10-30%

PGPR for healthy planting material production

PGPR treated ginger and untreated ginger in field

• Ecologically safe Technology / Biocapsules

• Enhanced nutrient mobilization and nutrient use efficiency

• Increased growth and yield

• Protect the crop against diseases

• Cost of treatment is Rs. 10 per kg of rhizome for ginger

• The increase in rhizome sprouting and hence competition from weeds^.

GRB 35 - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

INDO-BLIGHTCAST

Web based (Pan India) forecasting Model for late blight in potato validated

Green colour : Late blight is unlikely to occur Yellow colour : Late blight would occur soon

Red colour : Late blight to occur within 15 days

ULTRA -DENSITY PLANTING IN CASHEW

▪ Spacing : 3m x 3m or 2.5m x 2.5m (1111-1600 plants/ha).

▪ Varieties : VRI-3, NRCC Sel-2, Ullal-1, Ullal-4

& H-130.

(Precocious and pruning responsive varieties).

▪ Advantages : Early benefits (Harvest of crop in 1^st year).

Expected yield RCN of 3-4 tonnes/ha

in 3 to 4 year old orchards.

Conventional planting density 7.5m x 7.5 m (178 plants/ha), the full potential yield can be realized from 8^th year onwards only.

Next Generation Tissue culture – A High Throughput System

Economic impact:

•At a plant cost of Rs. 5.00/- as against Rs.20/- (normal tissue culture).

•Cost saving of Rs. 38,000/- per ha.

Parameters Conventional system NRCB technology

Duration 240 Days 160 Days

Medium required 33 litres 110 liters

No. of vessels/bottles required 625 bottles 80 vessels

Plants /1 ml ECS (SCV ) Up to 2500 plantlets Up to 40000 plantlets Cost per plantlet production

(Estimated cost)

Gand Naine: Rs. 6.0 (Varies with varieties)

Rs. 0.35

Cost of hardened plants (Est.) Rs. 10.00 Rs.4.35

A comparison high-throughput technique and

conventional system of production of banana plantlets for

the production of 40, 000 hardened plants

Organic manures & micronutrient formulations

Bioformulation based on Penicillium pinophilum for Potash and phosphorous solubilization developed for pomegranate, commercialised and patent filed.

Organic manure ‘Kalpa Organic Gold’ (coconut leaf vermicompost) & ‘Kalpa Soil Care’ (urea-free coir-pith compost) technology commercialized.

Five different foliar liquid micronutrient formulations developed for cassava, elephant foot yam, sweet potato and yams developed and commercialised

Banana Shakthi micronutrient mixture

Three new pomegranate special micronutrient formulations developed for pomegranate, which increased fruit yield by 41.23% with highest percent (46.57%) of exportable grade fruits (>250g/fruit).

Bioinoculants for coconut & cocoa – ‘Kera Probio^TM ‘, ‘KerAM ^{TM ‘}& ‘Cocoa Probio^TM’developed, trade mark obtained. ‘Kera Probio^TM ‘commercialized.

Nutrient formulations ‘Kalpa Poshak ‘and ‘Kalpa Vardhini ‘ for coconut developed.

Crop Specific micronutrient mixture for Spices

Resulted in an incremental

production of 17541 tonnes valued at 308.8 crores

Bio capsule formulations

bio-capsules used in several crops with net benefit of 22 crores

Bio-intensive strategies for production of residue-free grapes

Emphasis on sprays of Trichoderma, Bacillus subtilis, Ampelomyces and Use of low / medium risk fungicides as per disease risk and PHI consideration resulting in Zero residue levels in domestic grapes

Bio-pesticides for residue free fruits and vegetables

Rugose Spiralling Whitefly (RSW) (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin) of coconut palms and their natural enemy complex identified.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) for biocontrol of arecanut root grub larvae (Leucopholis sp.) developed and commercialized

Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana isolate for the management of banana weevils

Botanicals: Allyl iso thi cynate, Sulphur Extract of Karanj, Tumba fruit extract and Kareel extract.

Diagnostics

Banana diagnostics kits

• PCR for detection of Banana Bunchy Top Virus, Banana Streak Mysore Virus

• ELISA for detection of Banana Bunchy Top Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus

• RT-PCR technology for Banana Bract Mosaic Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus

• NASH detection for Banana Bunchy Top Virus/ Banana Streak Virus / CMV / BBrMV

• Multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of three banana viruses

• LAMP PCR diagnosis of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), BSMYV, Foc

• Rapid diagnosis of eumusae leaf spot by LAMP PCR

• Dip stick (Lateral flow immuno strip) for virus diagnosis-BBrMV, CMV

“Lateral flow technology” for potato virus diagnostics standardized

Decision support systems, Mobile Apps & Databases

• Mobile App with > 7000 subscriptions.

• Impact analysis with 400 app users indicated to 31% increase in

productivity and 13% reduction in inputs.

Total 45 Mobile Apps developed in Horticultural Crops

(https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.iihr.

arkabagwani&hl=en

▪ Technologies

▪ Varieties

▪ Seed & planting materials

▪ Success stories

▪ Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF)

▪ Publications

▪ Fairs & exhibitions

▪ Training & Conferences

Mobile App: Arka Baagwani

Android &IOS based App

Content upgradable institute Sever level

Development of ICT applications in tuber crops

Electronic Crop (e-Crop)

➢ IoT device for precision farming

➢ Generate advisories/actions based on models using real-time Weather and soil data collected

➢ Single point solution to nutrient management, irrigation and plant protection

➢ Helps to digitally network farms

➢ National/State level yield prediction and farm management possible with more precision and with much less cost and effort,

➢ Supports farm automation

➢ Remote farm management

Developed pomegranate value-added products Juice, RTS, Wine, minimal processed arils and anardana.

Extraction process for virgin seed oil and patent filed for process. Technology for Micro-

encapsulation of virgin seed oil standardized using spray drying technology , with yield of 87.69

% and encapsulation efficiency of 97.316 %.

Value addition and post-harvest technologies

Four post-harvest products and two engineering technologies developed

Coconut milk residue based extrudate, ‘Kalpa Krunch’, coconut sugar based dark chocolate

‘Kalpa Bar’, ‘Kalpa Drinking Chocolate’ and coconut milk based ‘Frozen coconut delicacy’

developed & commercialized.

Orchid dry flowers

Technologies for value-added products to give income for excess production or low quality unmarketable produce

Minimal processed Arils

RTS Drink

Pomegranate Juice

70

Dried pomegranate seeds Mouth freshener

De-oiled Seed cookies Virgin seed oil Rind powder

Ice Cream

Sparkling wine from cv. Bhagwa

Sparkling wine from cv. Ganesh

Anardana ICAR-NRCP Value Addition Technologies in Pipeline

Banana RTS Beverage, flour, ice cream, Banana Fig, Chips and banana Health Drinks

Fennel squash & RTS, Dill squash & RTS,

Coriander squash & RTS, Dill Parag,

Biscuits (QPM+Fenugreek flour), Methica (fenugreek) tea,

Dill cider, Fennel cider,

Dill Prash, Dill-aonla capsules as functional food Products.

Value addition in seed spices

Arka Jackies (Jackfruit biscuits)

40% of refined wheat flour replaced with blanched jackfruit seed powder, fruit powder & musrhoom.

Cost of production of 1 Kg biscuits---Rs.170/-. Commercial Brand's MRP is Rs.290/-,

Arka Halasuras (Jackfruit RTS Beverage)

No preservative is used.

A fruit weighing 3.0 kg would give 1.0 kg Clarified serum/syrup can be dispersed into 3.00 litres RTD juice. (B:C = 2.5:1).

Arka Jacholate (Jackfruit Chocolate)

Jackfruit seed powder based chocolate, enriched with mushroom & sesame.

Product has 30% less calorific value, 7% less carbohydrates, 14.5% less fats and 50% less chocolate compared to commercial brands.

It has 13.5 mg/100g DPPH activity, 56.82 mg/100g FRAP and 1.84% ash content.

Jackfruit processed products

Instant moringa-jaljeera drink mix Ready-to-eat Bitter gourd chips

Nutritional facts Protein – 25 -27%

Green colour (a value) -8.64 to -7.94 Solubility index – 23.8 to 24.98 ml HMF – 12.78 to 17.78 µmol/L

Protein rich instant moringa soup mix

Nutritional facts Protein- 27-29%

Solubility index- 21.5-23.7 ml HMF- 30.5-32.8 µmol/L

Green chilli powder Nutritional facts

Ascorbic acid: 15-17 mg/100g Total carotenoids: 2.0-2.2 mg/100g

Nutritional facts

Ascorbic acid: 36-40 mg/100g Capsaicin content: 0.64-0.66%

Vegetable processed products

Enabling export of horticultural produce

• PHI for all label claimed agrochemicals permitted for use in grapes was defined

• National ‘Residue Monitoring Programme’ for exportable Grapes reduced failure of grape samples for MRL compliance from 23.7% in 2003-04 to 3-7 % during last 5 years

• Separate Residue Monitoring Plan for China, Russia, GEC countries prepared and submitted to APEDA

Pesticide residue monitoring in grapes brings export compliance

Sea protocol for Banana export to Dubai and Europe

Protocol for mango export and long distance transport developed.

Good Agricultural Practices in spices

High quality pomegranate genome assembled for the first time . The Centre deciphered 346Mb (96.92%) of estimated genome size (356.98Mb) in

pomegranate cv. Bhagawa .

Advanced tools for improvement of horticultural crops

The functionally annotated whole genome sequence of PGPRs of coconut, arecanut and cocoa, and metagenome sequence of different coconut leaf vermicomposting stages and earthworm gut published.

Whole genome sequencing of coconut completed

Online National Mango Database (www.mangifera.res.in) and Online mango Phenology Monitoring System (http://mangifera.org/phenology/index.php) developed.

First Oil Palm Microsatellite database (OpSatDB) was developed and released.

Unmanned aerial vehicle for spraying in coconut

& arecanut

Coconut milk expeller machine developed.

Machinery

Tractor mounted air blast sprayer

Nursery rooting media cleaning, mixing and filling

machine

Automatic Protray

step seeder Mushroom spawn production machinery

Onion seeder Onion detopper

Hot water treatment unit

for mangoes Fruits and vegetables vending van

Spawn production machinery

Onion size grader

Export shipment of Nendran banana to Dubai

- A Successful Joint Venture of NRCB, APEDA and Fair exports (PPP Mode)

- Transfer of sea protocol for export of Nendran from Kerala.

- Now 40 tonnes of Nendran banana per week is shipped to middle east.

- The cost of the transport has been reduced by 70% .

- In the last one year Rs 500 crore worth banana exported to Dubai.

Export shipment of Grand Naine banana to Europe

-

Joint Venture of NRCB, TN Banana Growers’ Federatoion and TNAU (PPP Mode)

• Micronutrient formulations,

• Botanical Formulations,

• Biopesticides,

• Osmotic Dehydrated products,

• Pheromone Trap,

• Sealer cum Healer,

• Microbial Consortium

• Banana foliar formulation

• Mango special

• Aeroponic system technology

MAJORT TECHNOLOGIES COMMERCIALISED

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