Intrusion Detection by Facial Recognition using CCTV Cameras with Video Management System

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ISSN (Print) : 2278-8948, Volume-2, Issue-2, 2013

59

Intrusion Detection by Facial Recognition using CCTV Cameras with Video Management System

Mahalakshmi. R¹, Manjula. M², Saranya. S³, Vaishnavi. P⁴, Shalini. J.⁵ & Arasa Kumar. R.⁶

1,2,3&4ECE, Kalasalingam Institute of Technology, Krishnankoil

5L&T(PT&D), Chennai, ⁶KIT, Krishnankoil

Abstract – We have worked with a renowned engineering company in their real time Project. The Brief scope of this project is to propose a fool proof security system solution which includes the sub-system such as Surveillance CCTV, Video Management & Video Analytics, Wireless backbone.

All these systems will be integrated to the Control center with suitable servers, workstations at control room. The concept of the proposal is the intrusion detection by facial recognition. The images of authenticated persons are stored in database. When persons enter the restricted area images are captured by CCTV cameras. The DVMS compares the received images with the stored images. If any mismatch occurs an alarm is produced which indicates intrusion.

I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Current Scenario:

When there is a theft in commercial establishment, CCTV was/is in limelight of giving alert and help to capture immediately upon incident or provide evidence at the later stage of capturing. It was quite difficult for an operator to watch continuously the monitoring screen. Statistical analysis says that when an operator watching continuously for more than 22 minutes, he/she looses attention and his/her efficiency begins to fall out drastically. Hence video management system which creates alarm/pop-up messages when an intrusion happens is highly useful to track the abnormalities.

1.2 Cameras around the world vs India:

Location Population CCTV surveillance camera quantity UK 62.2 million 4.2 million China 1.3 billion 2.8 million Israel 7,848,800 2.75 million India 1.2 billion 3 million

1.3 Solution and intention:

City with prime movers particularly in India is a prime target for inflicting maximum damage. For a country with a population of 1.2billion and with maximum threat a large volume of Cameras are required. This is our trigger point, to choose this as our project. Our Intention is to make this project as real as possible, as simple as possible and to contribute in whatever means to the society.

II. PROJECT PROPOSAL 2.1 Our Proposed system:

This project implements a small scale surveillance system with video analytics. Surveillance CCTV with required video analytics along with comprehensive Command and Control Centre is planned to be built to provide demonstration for public safety. The Scope of the work is limited to demonstrate a basic video analytics like facial recognition. Care is taken in such a way that this project will outline the overall solution considering advance video analytics for better vision and better solution.

2.2 Our Proposed Architecture:

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International Journal of Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJAEEE)

60 2.3 Architecture Explanation:

Here we are using both fixed and PTZ cameras.

These cameras are connected to the workstation through OFC and cat6 cables. The workstation consists of switches, CCTV recorder, storage server and personal computers. Since two types of cables are used, a media converter is used for their synchronization.

2.4 What is CCTV System?

CCTV-CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION is a TV broadcasting system, may be a Conventional or IP based which provides the video feeds to the control room operator for viewing the incidents happening in the remote sites. These system utilizes CCD video cameras, cables , wireless transmitters/receivers or internet. The complete System is designed covering all the stated areas as surveyed and taking in consideration the various other security concerns. The placement of Camera or the camera locations is exactly as per the survey done.

2.4.1Features:

i. Remote accessibility ii. High Image Quality

iii. Easy Future Proof Integration iv. Scalability and Flexibility.

2.4.2 Types of cameras:

1. NetworkFixed cameras 2. Network PTZ cameras 2.4.2.1Network Fixed Camera:

A network camera, often also called an IP camera, can be described as a camera and computer combined in one unit.

These cameras cannot be moved. Other features may include audio capabilities and built-in support for Power over Ethernet (PoE). Network cameras also support advanced security and network management features.

2.4.2.2Network PTZ Camera:

The IP66-rated PTZ camera provides cost-efficient installation since no external housing is required PTZ Camera is powered through High Power over Ethernet using the supplied High PoE midspan. Power over Ethernet simplifies installation since only one cable is needed for carrying power, as well as video and pan/tilt/zoom controls. In case of power failure, network can be connected to an Uninterruptible Power Supply.

PTZ Camera has a fast and precise pan/tilt response. In addition, it can tilt 20° above the horizon for an extended tilt range of 220°, enabling better views, especially over uneven terrain. The camera has 35x optical and 12x digital zoom. With auto-tracking, PTZ Camera can automatically detect and follow a moving object within its field of view. Day and night functionality, progressive scan and 128x wide dynamic range contribute to the camera's superb video quality.

The H.264 compression format ensures that image

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61 quality is not compromised while providing great savings in bandwidth and storage use.

2.4.3 CCTV System Terminologies:

2.4.3.1Image Sensor:

An Image sensor is a device that is used to convert an optical signal into an electronic signal. There are two types of sensor. CCD and CMOS sensor.

2.4.3.2 Lens and its calculation:

The focal length is defined as the distance between the lens and the sensor. The mount may be C mount or CS mount. In C mount it is 17.5mm and in CS mount it is 12.5mm.The focal length can be calculated using the following formula.

DX4.8/A=L

Where D is the distance from the object, A is the horizontal or vertical area and L is the focal length. For example, Calculate the focal length of the lens when the camera is installed at the distance of 20mm to focus of an area 5m wide.

DX4.8/A=L 20X4.8/5=L L=19.2mm

2.4.3.3 CCTV storage calculation:

The CCTV storage calculation depends on four parameters. They are Number of Cameras, days, Frame per Second and Resolution.

2.4.3.4 Zoom:

Zoom refers to zooming a particular object or an image in a particular area. They are of two types. They are Optical zoom and Digital zoom and its modes may be Combined or Separate.

2.4.3.5 SNR ratio:

The signal to noise ratio is measured in decibels.

The higher the db value, the better is the picture. It means that the picture has less noise and it can be manifested as graininess and loss of detail..

S/N Ratio DB

S/N Ratio

n:1 Picture Quality

60 dB 1000 Excellent, no noise apparent

50 dB 316

Good, a small amount of noise but picture quality good

40 dB 100

Reasonable, fine grain or snow in the picture, some fine details lost

30 dB 32 Poor picture with a great deal of noise

20 dB 10 Unusable picture

2.4.3.6 Automatic Gain Control (AGC):

When a security camera produces a quality picture, it needs a sufficient amount of light to produce a minimum stable picture. In case when the light condition is reduced to a certain level, there is an insufficient light to the security camera to produce a video quality picture. AGC takes action to increase the amount of amplification in these conditions to bring the video signal upto the minimum required level. It also performs noise reduction and picture attenuation.

2.4.3.7 Video Compression and its types:

It is the process of encoding information using the fewer bits than the original representation would use.

Compression is useful because it helps to reduce the consumption of expensive resources, such as hard disk space or transmission bandwidth. The types are Motion JPEG, MPEG4, H.264.

2.4.3.8 Effective pixels:

The number of effective pixels that an image sensor or the digital camera has is the count of elementary pixel sensors that contribute to the final image, as opposed to the total pixels, which includes unused or light shielded pixels around the edges. An image that is 2048 pixels in width and 1536 pixels in height has a total of

2048X1536=3,145,728 pixels or 3.1 megapixels.

Sensitivity indicates the minimum light level required to get an usable or acceptable video picture. It is measured in foot candles and also called as lux.

2.4.3.9 Frame per second and White balance:

Frame rate or Frame frequency is the measurement of the frequency at which an imaging device produces an unique consecutive image called frame. Frame rate is often expressed in Frames per second. Automatic white balance is the process of removing unrealistic color, so that the objects which appear white in person are rendered white in the image.

2.4.3.10 Resolution:

Standard PAL NTSC

D1 704X576 704X480

4CIF 704X576 704X480

2CIF 704X288 704X240

CIF 325X288 325X240

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62 2.5 Video Management Software:

An important aspect of a video surveillance system is managing video for live viewing, recording, playback and storage. If the system consists of only one or a few cameras, viewing and some basic video recording can be managed via the built-in web interface of the network cameras and video encoders. When the system consists of more than a few cameras, using a network video management system is recommended.

2.5.1 Main Features:

 Viewing

 Multi streaming

 Video recording

 Recording and storage

 Event management 2.5.2 Additional Features:

 Play back Features

 Camera management Features

 User management Features 2.6 Wireless backbone:

Our system requires Wireless solution with WIRELESS MESH(802.11 a/b/g/n) technology. The system is complied with those standards. The minimum wireless range is 700 metres. It supports point to point as well as WIFI configuration simultaneously. It supports seamless roaming with 802.11i and 802.1x specification. The access point provides high speed on backbone to support HD video communication. Data speed is upto 300Mbps.There is a centralized management of wireless system using controller. This system supports security standards such as 802.1x, AES, having the capability of drawing power from POE. It can withstand a temperature of 0-50 degree Celsius.

The System is capable of managing RF dynamically.

III. CONCLUSION

This proposed system is getting ready to be implemented in many large scale sectors for their enhanced security. It can also be implemented in areas of maximum threat. This system is used in restricted areas where only the authenticated persons are allowed.

The concept of the proposal is the intrusion detection by facial recognition. Since this project is very expensive and difficult to implement in a small scale by students we have showed the simulation results using matlab.

IV. REFERENCES

[1] Kingsley Sage Police Scientijic Development Branch And StewartYoung Sira Technology Centre”Security application of computer vision”

[2] Alan H Matchett, “CCTV for security professionals, second edition, 2011.

[3] ViddoGamjaceoski, “CCTV Networking and Digital technology” second edition, 2012.

[4] Joe Cieszynski,”Closed circuit television”, third edition, 2012.

[5] Geoff Thiel Viiion Systems, Ltd.”Automatic CCTV surveillance towards virtual guard”

[6] Alan J. Lipton, Craig H. Heartwell, NielsHaering&Donald Madden Objectvideo”

Automated video protection,monitoring and detection”

[7] Liyuan Li, Member, IEEE, Weimin Huang, Member, IEEE, Irene Yu-HuaGu, Senior Member, IEEE, [8] RuijiangLuo, Member, IEEE, and Qi Tian, Senior

Member, IEEE”An efficient sequential approach to tracking multiple objects through crowds for real time intelligent CCTV systems”

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