185 INVESTIGATIONS ON LATERAL LOADS AND BASE SHEAR OF G+ 8 MULTI STOREYS
BUILDING IN SEISMIC ZONE III CITY: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW Sodan Singh Anjana1; Rahul Sharma2
1PG Research Scholar; 2Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, Prashanti Institute of Technology and Science, Ujjain (M.P.)
Abstract- Today, the need of earthquake resisting buildings is continuously increasing and situations are demanding more and more research work in this field, due to which this research work has been conceptualized. Present research paper is based on the contributions of researchers in the field of design of multi storeys building, and concludes with gaps in the research and objectives of proposed research.
Keywords: multi storey building, earthquake, contributions, researchers.
1. INTRODUCTION
According to Raj et al. (2020), massive population growth over the past few years has put undue strain on the area available for housing, leading to a change from horizontal to vertical expansion. As a result, the topic of how to effectively use land for residential, industrial, recreational, educational, and other reasons has been addressed by tall buildings and their wise design. According to Ramesh (2021) construction technologies and high-rise commercial constructions are quickly evolving as a result of population increase and the lack of available land. Buildings are necessary for enhancing a number of different activities. Over the course of a structural member's existence, stability is determined by their supporting state. A structure is deemed stable when it satisfies all of the stability requirements.
Gawande et al. (2021) also report that building structural failure is assumed to be most frequently caused by earthquakes. Since the local building stock is unstable, earthquakes have the potential to result in considerable property destruction and monetary losses.
Inertia force, which acts in the opposite direction to the acceleration of the earthquake, causes damage to the building. In order to deal with seismic loads, which are inertial forces, buildings typically assume forces outside of them.
Considering these aspects, present research work is based on the contributions of researchers in the field of earthquake resisting building, and concludes with investigated gaps in the research and objectives of proposed research.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Present section is based on academic aspects in the field of multistory buildings, the details of which are presented in upcoming sub-sections.
2.1 Scenario of Research on Seismic Analysis
Figure 2.1 shows the radar graph of research papers published during last five years, on the topic seismic analysis, as per www.scholar.google.com.
Figure 2.1 Radar Graph of published research papers in last five years 2.2 Contributions of Researchers in the field of Seismic Analysis of Buildings Following are the summaries of contributions of researchers in the field of seismic analysis of buildings:
Tapubhai and Solanki (2022)
Engineers evaluated the presence of torsional irregularity, reentrant corners, and anomalies in the plan, which have the most effects on seismic reaction. L, T, U, C, and plus-shaped buildings' re- entrant corners, which were constructed in accordance with architectural specifications, have suffered significant damage. To reduce the consequences of re-entrant corners, these constructions
186 were separated into parts. Because plus-
shaped tall, multistory buildings go beyond the specified boundaries of the code, re-entrant corners are very important. Strong seismic regions necessitate special considerations for shear walls, and the placement of shear walls affects how well the building performs under dynamic loads. For this plus-shaped building, shifting the locations of the shear walls can provide amazing results without changing the shear wall's specifications. Longer wings and a ten-story plus design increase the possibility that the structure may pull away from the corner and wag its tail.
Shear walls were positioned at the centre core, flange edges, and re-entrant corners to test which condition performs best. The deleterious impact of these anomalies can be lessened by adding shear walls at reentrant corners. Prepare 3 various building shapes with 5 different scenarios in this research project, including bare frame, 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th storey models. Three multi-story building models with G+15 storeys and a total of 48 columns were chosen for this study. Use Fe-415 grade steel and M-30 concrete. For analysis in the suggested work, we will use ETABS-2017. Consider comparing various belt wall positioning models.
Divya and Murali (2021)
Time is more valuable than money in today's society, yet there are many construction techniques available that are time-consuming. Due to its fast construction, steel structural structures are regarded as a revolution in the modern construction era. The best course of action is to select the type of building based on the relevant conditions and functional needs in order to have a wise and effective structure design. Choosing the form of construction that best fits the circumstances and type of structure will be made easier with the aid of "The Comparative research on design of Steel Structures and RCC frame Structures based on columns span." The main goal of this study is centred on the crucial element, the column span, which can also have a significant impact on the building's cost together with its height during design and analysis. This article's focus is on a comparison of the design, analysis, and
construction costs of RCC structures with steel structures for columns with long and short spans. ETABS-2018 software is used in this project for the design and analysis of the G + 8 RCC structure and steel structure.
Daniel (2021)
The ability of the designer to produce a building with sound structural modelling and construction absolutely depends on their depth of knowledge in seismic effects and the efficient manufacturing of the structure. The seismic impact, such as places that are prone to earthquakes, are more likely to be targeted in favour of describing an efficient construction planning, which is explored in detail in this paper by using an Ethiopian code shopping complex building as a study.
This analysis is carried out with the aid of a software programme called Finite Element, which enables the designer to anticipate material requirements based on seismic impacts across the six seismic zones in the county. The effectiveness of the analysis is confirmed by hand calculations, and it complies with Ethiopian code requirements. The shear and bending impact patterns, the building's seismic base weight, and the need for concrete and steel materials for the six seismic zones are taken into account while approving the performance standards.
Uikey and Satbhaiya (2020)
This project's primary goal is to use Staad Pro software to do a seismic response analysis of tall buildings. Manual load calculations are performed, and STAAD Pro Software analyses the entire structure. STAAD-Pro analysis for designing employs the Limit State Design approach in accordance with the Indian Standard Code of Practice. The programme of choice for professionals is STAADPro. I had performed the frame analysis and manually verified the software's accuracy using the results we had acquired. The outcomes appeared to be extremely exact and precise. A G+4, G+9, G+14, and G+19 storey building was studied, constructed, and tested for every conceivable load combination (Dead, live, wind and seismic loads). Users of STAAD.Pro may easily draw the frame and
187 provide the load values and dimensions
thanks to its very intuitive and dynamic user interface. The entire structure is then analysed in accordance with the provided criteria, as well as the structures in the various seismic Zones established by our code. The materials were selected, and the beam and column members' geometric cross-sections were allotted.
For the entire analysis, the fixed support has been fixed. Along with other crucial information, the codal provision that must be observed has been given for design purposes. The structure has then been examined using STAAD.Pro. It can quickly calculate parameters like axial force, shear force, bending moment, and lateral forces.
Lingeshwaran and Poluraju (2020) The primary goal of this work is to examine the approaches used in the literature to determine unreinforced masonry walls' seismic susceptibility using linear static analysis. Analysis (using the Staad.Pro software) has been done as part of this research to do this.
Under uniaxial loading, two identically sized walls made of bed type reinforced masonry and unreinforced masonry were both analysed. Each specimen was subjected to a constant axial compressive load throughout the examination. The maximal stresses and wall deflections that resulted from employing STAAD.Pro are described using idealised Load vs Deflection charts. The end result of this performance research states that reinforced masonry walls are more effective than unreinforced masonry walls under both axial and seismic stresses (Load vs Maximum shear stress).
Maraveas and Tsavdari (2019)
Old, corroded steel structures built near the sea where wind speeds can be extremely high are seriously at risk from wind loads. The case study of a wind- induced failure analysis of an existing steel structure is presented in this research, along with some suggested retrofitting techniques. The steel structure under examination served as an athletic facility when it was built in Syros, Greece, in the 1970s. This study's initial section covers the examination of wind-induced collapse, which led to the observation of a
domino effect. Before several other steel members failed owing to buckling, a corroded bracing that buckled due to wind stress controlled the decline of vertical load carrying capacity of the steel structure and created an asymmetry under horizontal loading. Failure analysis, time history analysis, incremental dynamic analysis, and performance analysis were all carried out to comprehend the structure's performance.
The recommended retrofitting techniques for enhancing the vertical load carrying capacity under wind loads are discussed in the second section of this study. To meet with modern European design requirements, it was necessary to increase the structure's load-bearing capability. Modal analysis were also used to show how the strengthened structure's dynamic qualities have improved.
Through incremental static studies and non-linear wind time-history, the structural behaviour was more precisely characterised. The emergence of failures in the current structure is explained by the analytical results.
Nirmal and Jaiswal (2018)
The structural construction business is expanding like never before; there is always something being built, even in weird habitats, therefore it is important to pay close attention to the individual strains that are produced by different loads in structures, whether they are Dead load or Live load. Though occasionally acting under internal ground mass disturbance, seismic forces have a significant impact on a building's structurally sound unity. With less dead load, improved seismic structural response, shallower sections, lower story heights, structural members, and a smaller proportion of reinforcing steel in the substructure and superstructure, structural lightweight concrete works offers design flexibility, ductility, and significant cost savings while also shortening the construction process.
Saleem and Tengli (2018)
The behaviour and numerous design parameters of buildings that begin at the sites of the structural weak planes existent in the building systems, as a result of various asymmetries/
188 irregularities, must be identified. In order
to improve design and prevent structural damage, the contribution of the lateral load resisting system, number of storeys, type, and degree of asymmetry must be accurately identified and quantified. The goal of this work is to examine the various parametric behaviours of asymmetric structures through the analysis and modelling of different storey buildings utilising the Response Spectrum Method and three linear analysis (RSA) techniques. This paper models and analyses an asymmetric circular diagrid construction with and without core shear walls. The conclusions are offered at the end of the study after all the models and structures have been analysed and contrasted for outcomes such maximum storey drifts, storey displacements, and storey shear.
Sorathiya and Pandey (2017)
Globally, the number of multi-story buildings being built is rising quickly. The diagrid structural system has recently become popular for tall structures due to the structural effectiveness and aesthetic potential offered by the system's distinctive geometric layout. The most recent development in diagrid structure technology is currently in development.
Buildings with diagonal grids at specific angles and in modules that span the building's height are known as diagrid structures. In the peripheral of a diagrid structure, triangulated grids are used in place of vertical columns. So when designing tall buildings, methods that are more effective at achieving stiffness against lateral stresses are preferred. In order to estimate the preliminary member sizes of r.c.c. diagrid structures for tall buildings, this research proposes a stiffness-based design methodology. For the analysis, a G+24, G+36, G+48, and G+60 storey RCC building with a plan dimension of 18 m 18 m in Surat is taken into consideration. For modeling and analysis of structural members, STAAD.Pro software is employed. All structural components are created in accordance with IS 456:2000, and seismic force load combinations are taken into account in accordance with IS 1893(Part 1):2002. Analysis results are compared with regard to beam displacement, storey
drift, and bending moment. This results in a more cost-effective diagrid structure than a traditional structure.
Choudhary (2017)
The frequency of earthquakes has increased, severely harming both human life and property. As a result, the requirement for precise seismic evaluation of structures arises. Seismic co-efficient technique and response spectrum method are two of the static and dynamic approaches for seismic inquiry that are employed in this study. These methods are coupled in this study for a seismic investigation of a G+10 multistory building. While seismic coefficient analysis is performed manually using calculations from the Codal formula, response spectrum analysis of the building is performed using the enhanced version of the software STAAD-PRO-V8i.
Here, a comparative analysis of these earthquake methodologies is conducted, presented, and explained.
3. GAPS IN THE RESEARCH AND OBJECTIVES OF PROPOSED RESEARCH
Following points represented the investigated gaps in the research:
a) There is very limited research which focuses on investigations on floor wise seismic forces in the buildings;
b) There is very limited research which focuses on investigations on shears in the buildings.
Following points represent the objectives of the research work:
a) To determine lateral forces on each floor of the building;
b) To determine the base shear of the building.
4. CONCLUSION
Present research paper portrayed the contributions of researchers in the field of seismic analysis of multi storeys buildings, and associated gaps in the research and objectives of proposed research, which may be used to initiate a new research in the field of investigations of seismic forces.
REFERENCES AND WEB RESOURCES 1. Choudhary P, S. N. (2017). Dynamic Analysis
of Multistory Building Using Response
189
Spectrum Method and Seismic Coefficient Method-A Comparison. IJISET-International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering &
Technology, 4(6).
2. Daniel, J. J. (2021). Effect of seismic bed rock acceleration ratio on the material, flexural and shear behavior of a building in ethiopia based on ES EN 1998–1: 2015. Materials Today: Proceedings, 45, 6115-6122.
3. Divya, R., & Murali, K. (2021). Comparative study on design of steel structures and RCC frame structures based on column span. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 8848-8853.
4. Gawande, S., Amte, U., Agrawal, S., Saonerkar, A., Dabhekar, K. R., Khedikar, I.
P., & Agrawal, R. (2021, July). Seismic Analysis of Tall Structures. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 822, No. 1, p. 012028). IOP Publishing.
5. Lingeshwaran, N., & Poluraju, P. (2020).
Analytical study on seismic performance of bed joint reinforced solid brick masonry walls. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, 136- 141.
6. Maraveas, C., & Tsavdaridis, K. D. (2019).
Assessment and retrofitting of an existing steel structure subjected to wind-induced failure analysis. Journal of Building Engineering, 23, 53-67.
7. Nirmal, C., & Jaiswal, D. S. (2018). Dynamic Analysis of High Rise Building Structure with Lightweight concrete. Int. Res. J. Eng.
Technol, 5, 368-372.
8. Raj, D., Jha, S., Singh, S., & Choudhary, S.
(2020). Response analysis of plus shaped tall building with different bracing systems under wind load. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 11(3).
9. Ramesh, G. (2021). Design and Analysis of Residential Building using STAAD-Pro. Indian Journal of Engineering, 18(49), 185-190.
10. Saleem, I., & Tengli, D. S. K. (2018).
Parametric Study on Asymmetric Diagrid Structures. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(7), 61-66.
11. Sorathiya, R., & Pandey, P. (2017). Study on diagrid Structure of Multistorey Building. Development, 4(4).
12. Tapubhai, V. R., & Solanki, H. (2022).
Parametric Study of G+ 15 Building Model With Plus, L, T-shape have different position of belt wall. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 4 (3), 45-58.
13. Uikey, S., & Satbhaiya, E. R. (2020). Seismic Response Analysis of Tall Building Using STAAD Pro Software. Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering, 3(1).
14. www.scholar.google.com
