Expulsion from the examination room and cancellation of the performance in that subject only of all the candidates concerned. Student of the colleges suspension from the examination hall and cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects in which the candidate has already appeared including. Cancellation of the performance in that subject and all other subjects in which the candidate appeared including practical examinations and project work of that semester/year examinations.
STRESS MEASURES
Background and overview, vector algebra – definition of a vector, scalar and vector products, area as a vector, components of a vector, addition convention, transformation law for different bases; Matrix theory - definition, matrix addition and matrix multiplication by scalar, matrix transpose and symmetric matrix, matrix multiplication, matrix inverse and determinant;. Vector calculus - derivation of the scalar function of a vector, part operator, divergence and curvature of a vector, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems, theorems about gradient, divergence and curvature;.
CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS
Tensors - Dyads and Polyads, nonion form of a dyadic, transformation of components of a dyadic, tensor calculus, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of tensors. Introduction, description of motion configurations of a continuous medium, material description, spatial description, displacement field; Analysis of deformation-deformation gradient sensors, isochoric, homogeneous and inhomogeneous deformations, change of volume and surface area; Stress measurements - Cauchy green strain tensors, green stress tensor, physical interpretation of the stress components, Cauchy and Euler stress tensors, principal stresses; Infinitesimal stress tensor and rotation tensor - Infinitesimal stress tensor, physical interpretation of infinitesimal stress tensor components, infinitesimal rotation tensor, infinitesimal stresses in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems; Rate of deformation and vorticity tensors - Definitions, relationship between D and E, polar decomposition theorem, compatibility equations, change of observer - indifference of the material frame.
FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
UNIT – II: AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEMS – OBJECTIVES, CONSTRAINTS Air transport systems – objectives, environment, operational constraints – legal compliance with safety, security and environmental regulations, financial sustainability – demand, costs, efficiency and effectiveness, compatibility with operational infrastructure – aircraft, airports, facilities, equipment, crew and personnel, atmosphere, airspace. UNIT –IV: Airports Airports - requirement, location, runway characteristics, capacity, pavement strength, maneuvering area, aprons, passenger terminals, safety, security. UNIT – V: AIRSPACE Airspace management – Communication, navigation, surveillance systems – airspace categories, sectors, separation minima, capacity, demand, delay.
Limitations of one-dimensional flow equations, Theory of lift: circulation, Wing pressure distribution, Helmholtz vortex theorem theorems, Simulation of the wing with a vortex line, Downwash, Elliptic lift distribution, Lift and drag: momentum and energy, Slope of finite wing lift curve, Verification of Prandtl wing theory, Additional effects of wing vortices, Search for reduced induced drag. Vortex plate, Vortex plate in thin airfoil theory, Planar airfoil, Properties of symmetrical airfoil, Characteristics of canted airfoil, Flapped airfoil, Numerical Solution of thin airfoil problem, Airfoil of arbitrary thickness and cant. Description of turbulent field, Statistical properties, Conservation equations, Laminar sublayer, Fully developed flow in tubes and ducts, Constant-pressure turbulent boundary layer, Turbulent drag reduction, Effects of pressure gradient, Stratford criterion for turbulent separation, Effects of.
Bending of thin plates: Pure bending of thin plates, Plates subjected to bending and torsion, Plates subjected to distributed transverse loading, Combined bending and in-plane loading of a thin rectangular plate, Bending of thin plates with a small initial curvature, The bending energy method of thin plates STRUCTURAL INSTABILITY IN THIN PLATES. Bending of thin plates, Inelastic bending of plates, Experimental determination of critical loads for a flat plate, Local instability, Instability of stiffened panels, Failure stress in stiffened plates and panels, Tension field beams. Thin-walled bending and open beams: Symmetrical bending, unsymmetrical bending, deflections due to bending, Calculation of section properties, Applicability of bending theory, Effects of temperature BENDING, CREST AND USE OF THIN-WALLED BEAMS-II .
Principles of Air Breathing Propulsion, Basic Thermodynamics, Power Cycles, Engine Classification, Ideal and Real Cycle Analysis - Turbojet and Turbofan, Altitude Effects, Mach Number, Aircraft Performance and Engine Performance Analysis, Aircraft Engine Construction, Thrust Enhancement Methods, Jet Engine Noise engine and noise reduction methods.
MATHEMATICAL NATURE OF THE FLOW EQUATIONS AND THEIR
General form of the law of conservation, Equation of conservation of mass, Law of conservation of momentum or equation of motion, Equation of conservation of energy; Navier–Stokes Equations, Turbulent Flow Approximations, Thin Shear Layer Approximation, Parabolized Navier–Stokes Equations, Boundary Layer Approximation, Distributed Loss Model, Inviscid Flow Model: Euler Equations, Potential Flow Model.
UNIT I: INTRODUCTION, FINITE ELEMENT DISCRETIZATION OF PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS, STRESS COMPUTATIONS AND OPTIMIZATION Geometric Nonlinearity, Material Nonlinearity, Numerical Examples; Line Elements, Triangular Shell
Software Development for Simulation of Fluid Flows
Flow Simulation using FLUENT
UNIT-I: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF AIRCRAFT MOTION Vector kinematics, Kinematic matrix analysis, geodesy, earth gravity, terrestrial navigation, dynamics of rigid bodies. Basic aerodynamics, aircraft forces and moments, static analysis, non-linear aircraft model, linear models and derivatives of stability. State space models, transfer function models, Numerical solution of state equations, aircraft models for simulation, steady state flight, numerical linearization.
UNIT-V: ROBUSTNESS AND MULTIVARIABLE FREQUENCY DOMAIN TECHNIQUES Multivariable Frequency Domain Analysis, Robust Output Feedback Design, Observers and the Kalman Filter, LQG/Loop Transfer Recovery. Introduction, Systems Engineering Definition, Systems Engineering, Systems Engineering Cycle, Systems Engineering Process, Doctrine of Successive Refinement, Systems Engineering in a DOD Context, Systems Engineering in a NASA Context, System Design Considerations: Design Process Overview, System Integration, System Interfaces and Control, Tools and Methods, Systems Analysis, Modeling and the Trade Study Process , Basic Launch Vehicle System Trade Analysis Methodology, System Effectiveness Studies. Introduction, Historical Drivers of Space Infrastructure, Policy Considerations, National Mission Model, Private Sector and Commercialization, Development of Commercial Space Transportation Architecture and System Concepts, Cost Drivers of Space Transportation Architecture Options, Recommended Improvements to Space Transportation Architectures, Planning for Future Space Infrastructure, Transportation Infrastructure for Lunar and Mars MissionsU.S.
UNIT-III: Expendable Space Transportation Systems and Reusable Space Launch Vehicles Introduction, Expendable Launch Vehicle design, History behind existing Expendable Launch Vehicles, Development of Expendable Launch Vehicle, Space Launch Vehicles reusable: Background - Previous attempts at hypersonic flight, early aerospace concept Studies, X Series of research aircraft, Challenges facing manned aerospace aircraft, reusable manned systems development programs past and ongoing., NASA's reusable launch vehicle studies in the 1990s. . Introduction, Definition of launch operations, Spacecraft mission operations, Facility requirements for launch operations, Barriers to simplifying launch operations, Evolutionary launch operations strategies, Designing for future expendable launch vehicle launch operations, Improvement of existing launch operations Future launch operations.
Systems and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization
Introduction, Historical background, Shuttle system development, Orbiter development, Current shuttle vehicle and operations, Shuttle development and future growth,. Historical perspective on aerospace design, Traditional manual approaches to design and design iteration, Design teams, Advances in modeling techniques, Trade-offs in aerospace system design, Design automation, evolution and innovation, Design search and optimization, Use of computational methods, Design-oriented Analysis: Geometry modeling and design parameterization, Computational mesh generalization , Analysis and design of coupled systems. Single variable optimization - line search, Multi variable optimization: Population versus single point methods, Gradient based methods, Noisy/approximate function values, Non-gradient based algorithms, Termination and convergence aspects, Constrained optimization, Problem transformations, Lagrange multipliers, Feasible direction method, Penalty function methods, Combined Lagrangian and penalty function methods, Sequential quadratic programming, Chromosome repair.
Metamodels and Response Surface Methods: Global vs. Local Metamodels, Meta Modeling Tools, Simple RSM Examples, Combined Approaches - Hybrid Searches and Metaheuristics, Multi-Objective Optimization, Multi-Objective Weight Assignment Techniques, Methods for Combining Objective Functions, Fuzzy Logic and Physical programming, Pareto algorithms. Local approximations, Multipoint approaches, Black-box modeling, Generalized linear models, Sparse approximation techniques, Gaussian process interpolation and regression, Parallel modeling of data, Design of experiments, Surrogate modeling using variable fidelity models, Reduced basis methods. Surrogate Model Management in Optimization: Trust Regions, Space Mapping Approach, Surrogate Aided Optimization Using Global Models, Surrogate Model Management in Evolutionary Algorithms.
Uncertainty modeling and representation, Uncertainty propagation, Taguchi methods, Welch-Sacks method, Design for six sigma, decision theory formulations, Reliability-based optimization, Robust design using information gap theory, Evolutionary algorithms for robust design. Interdisciplinary analysis, Fully integrated optimization, System decomposition and optimization, Simultaneous analysis and design, Distributed analysis optimization formulation, Collaborative optimization, Concurrent subspace optimization, Co-evolutionary architectures.
FLOW MEASUREMENTS
Calibration, Standards, Experimental design, Causes and types of experimental errors, Statistical analysis of experimental data.
MOTION AND VIBRATION MEASUREMENT
GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HYPERSONIC FLOWS
DEFINING THE AEROTHERMODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT
STAGNATION-REGION FLOW FIELD
BOUNDARY LAYER AND CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER
UNIT V: AERODYNAMIC FORCES AND MOMENTS & DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF HYPERSONIC VEHICLES
Equations of motion for structures with flat parameters, energy aspects, algebraic eigenvalue problem, free response, qualitative behavior of eigensolution, computational methods for eigensolution, modal analysis for response of open-loop systems. Theoretical equations of the Kalman filter, application in the tuning loop, Kalman gains, numerical examples, experiments with optimal control. Introduction: Air traffic services provided to air operators, government responsibilities, flight rules and airspace organization, air routes and procedures, phases of flight, air traffic management system subsystems, facilities and operations, system performance, midair collision avoidance systems, future trends , operational performance based on the capacity of the ATM concept.
Analysis, modeling and control of ground operations at airports, Collaborative optimization of arrival and departure traffic flow management strategies at airports. COGNITIVE JOB ANALYSIS AND THE ROLE OF THE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER Air traffic controller workload measures Technology has enabled change in the roles and responsibilities of controllers. UNIT-III: GRAVITY GRADIENT STANALIZATION Basic attitude control equation.
Stabilization with and without active control elements, yaw position control with two drive wheels, reaction propeller position control. Setup of reaction propeller control, reaction torque and position control loops, feedback control loops,.
MACROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF A LAMINA
Classification and characteristics, Mechanical behavior of composite materials, Basic terminology, Manufacture of laminated fiber reinforced composite materials, Current and potential advantages of fiber reinforced composite materials, Applications of composite materials.
INTRODUTION TO DESIGN OF COMPOSITE STRUCTURES – I Introduction to structural design, Materials selection, Configuration selection
Simulation Experiments in Dynamics and Control using MATLAB and Simulink
