_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Functionalization of Metal Nanocomposite Al- Epoxy in Glass Fiber and Kevlar
1S.Manigandan, 2M. WincyRajan, 3P.Gunasekar, 4M.Adlin nija, 5J.Devipriya, 6S.Nithya
1,2,3,4,5,6
Department of Aeronautical Engineering Sathyabama University Chennai, India
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected]; [email protected]
[Received: 15th Jul.2017; Accepted: 30th Jul.2017]
Abstract— The nanocomposite fresh trend received incredible consideration in the field of matter science. This section deals about the improvement of the mechanical property of Kevlar and glass fiber by imposing the Al- Nanocomposite on the epoxy. The aluminum nanocomposite of size 70nm is diverse well with the epoxy to increase the mechanical reliability and the stiffness property of the fiber by non covalent approach. The amalgamation of metal nanocomposite with epoxy is done by the direct mixing method. The Kevlar and the glass fiber are taken for this study. The aluminum–epoxy mixed using the mechanical stirrer to give suitable dispersion and adhesion without upsetting the hydrophobic performance of the epoxy. The aluminum powder and epoxy are added to the hardener with the ratio of 1:1:0.1. The results show that the mechanical property of the fiber is increased with diminution in weight, when it is treated with the metal nanocomposite.
Keywords: Metal nanocomposite, Dispersion, Direct mixing method, Non covalent approach, Hydrophobic.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nanomaterials are of much interest and significance due to their outstanding physicochemical properties [1], [2]
for a wide range of potential device applications such as solar cells, high-sensitivity chemical gas, UV lasers or volatile organic sensors [3] and DNA sequence sensors[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. The synthesis of nanocomposite by wet chemical method is tedious, which may lead to chemical contamination. The Kevlar and glass fiber are taken intentionally for this research since they have good mechanical properties and superior impact resistance [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16].
Aluminum metal nanocomposites are utilized for weight-critical application in the aerospace and automotive industries. Performance of aluminum composites depends not only on matrix and structure but also on the type, size, and distribution of particles, porosity content, and particle matrix bonding. So,
dispensation route, parameters, and post-treatments are essential factors which need to be considered in designing these materials [17].
Casting is the most cost-effective and scalable system in fabrication of metal matrix composites . It is well predictable that significant enhancement in properties can be achieved by amalgamation of nanoparticles in metals. This exceeds the properties of composites which contain micro scale reinforcements in the same metallic material. Besides, combination of good thermal, tribological and mechanical properties, fusion of metal matrix composites make them further demanding materials in terms of reliability [18], [19].
The metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) synthesized to date have been reinforced using various ceramic particles, such as nitrides, borides and oxides using solidification and dispensation. The size of metal nanocomposite taken to study is 70nm diameter. The glass fiber and Kevlar are taken in the usual sample size.
The epoxy resin is mixed with the metal nanocomposite at the ratio of 1:1 by direct mixing and non covalent approach [20]. The hardener is added after the oxidation of zinc oxide and epoxy. The prepared cement like paste applied above the laminate to make the reinforcement and kept for curing under compression molding. After 12 hours of curing, the specimen is broken down into pieces as per standard for testing.
II. EXPERIMENTAL
The vinyl ester was treated with the ZnO and is reinforced with the Kevlar fiber and the compression moulding process was used to improve the stability of curing. After curing for 22 hours, the specimen was taken and it was tested for the topological properties.
The ZnO was synthesised by solution mixing method.
The solution of zinc sulfate which was in aqueous form was added slowly with sodium hydroxide solution in a molar ratio of 1:2 under forceful stirring at 200 rpm and the stirring was continued for 10-12 h. The precipitate obtained from the stirring was filtered and washed with
deionized water. After the washing thoroughly, precipitate was dried at 100°C and ground to fine powder using agate mortar . The obtained powder was calcined at different temperatures such as 300°C, 500°C, 700°C, and 900°C for 2 h. the prepared ZnO is mixed with the vinyl ester to form matrix.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The sample was tested for stress-strain relationship under compression as well as tensile. The results are tabulated and they are evaluated with computational results. The computational results are derived from the numerical simulation from literature [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23].
The results of both compression and tensile are validated with the computational results. The computational results are resultant from the FEM tool. The justification is done to calculate the precision of the investigational results.
Table 1. Tensile property of metal nanocomposite Contents E- Glass
Fiber
E-Al Kevlar- 49
K-Al Ultimate/
Break Load (KN)
8.23 10.71 14.4 17.2 Disp at Fmax
(mm) 14 15.66 13.7 15.2
Max.Disp
(mm) 16.9 16.9 15.3 17.0
Area mm² 63.7 42 60.7 42
Ult.Stress
(Mpa) 220 250 249 276.7
Yield stress
(Mpa) 130 234 140 155.6
YS/UTS Ratio 0.3 0.936 0.5 0.6
Elongation 0.15 0.28 0.28 0.3
Table 2. Compression property of metal nanocomposite Contents
E- Glass Fiber
E-Al Kevlar
-49 K-Al Ult/Break Load 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.89
Disp at
Fmax(mm) 2.5 4.4 3 4.9
Max.Disp(mm) 3.5 8 10.2 17
Ult.Stress 63.7 42 60.7 42
The table 1 and table 2 show the mechanical property of Kevlar and the Kevlar ZnO nanocomposites prepared by direct and indirect sonication process. The above table shows that the property of fiber is improved in direct
results of both compression and tensile can further be validated with the computational results. The computational results are derived from the FEM tool.
The validation is done to predict the accuracy of the experimental results.
Table 3. Validation of computed values Contents
E- Glass Fiber
E- Al
Kevlar
-49 K-Al Ultimate Stress
(Mpa) 220 250 249 276.7
Expt.Ultimate
Stress (Mpa) 226 231 230 258.0 Expt.
Maximum Displacement (mm)
16.9 16.9 15.3 17.0 Maximum
Displacement (mm)
16.9 11.2 15.3 17.1 Expt.Ultimate
Stress (Mpa) 7.5 9.25 14.4 12.58 Ultimate Stress
(Mpa) 7.5 7.55 14.4 12.58
Expt.Maximu m
Displacement (mm)
3.2 4.01 9.2 14.8
Maximum Displacement (mm)
3.5 4.2 10.2 14
Figure 1.Load to break load for tensile test
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 2.Effect of yield stress towards area of the specimen on tensile
Figure 3.Plot of YS/UTS ratio vs elongation at tensile From the plot it is understood that the strength, properties TS & YS are independently important to consider and control as they manipulate the behavior of structures during seismic excitation.
Large value of TS/YS ratio gives a superior energy absorption potential before failure. In addition, larger deformations are could serve as visible warning before collapse or fail.
Figure 4.Plot of ultimate load vs area at tensile
Figure 5.Displacement due to compressive load
Figure 6.Plot of area vs ultimate stress due to compressive load
Figure 7.Comparative plot data of ultimate stress due to tensile stress
The graphs show that Kevlar performance is improved when compared to glass fiber when the reinforcements result in metal nanocomposite.
Figure 8.Comparative plot data of ultimate stress due to compression stress
IV. CONCLUSION
The efficiency of fiber is increased mechanically when they are subjected to Fe-Epoxy resin under ratio of 1:1.
From the results, it is evident that the structural strength to weight ratio of the fiber is increased around 15-20%, when they are treated with metal nanocomposite. This fibrous laminated structure can be employed in high stressed out applications without affecting the performance of the fiber since metal nanocomposite provides high mechanical resistance. Further the results confirm that the Kevlar fiber reacts exceptionally with Fe compared to glass fiber.The results also show that the elongation and the maximum displacement of the fiber are superior to the respectable level when the epoxy is mixed with aluminum power.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Manigandan. ―Computational Investigation of High Velocity Ballistic Impact Test on Kevlar 149,‖ Applied Mechanics and Materials, pp 1133-1138, 2015.
[2] S.Manigandan. ―Determination of Fracture Behavior under Biaxial Loading of Kevlar 149,‖
Applied Mechanics and Materials, pp 766- 767,2015.
[3] P. N. B.Reis, J. A. M. Ferreira, P. Santos, M. O.
W. Richardson, and J. B. Santos. "Impact response of Kevlar composites with filled epoxy matrix."Composite Structures , pp 3520-3528, 2012.
[4] Dorigato, Andrea, Stefano Morandi, and Alessandro Pegoretti. "Effect of nanoclay addition on the fiber/matrix adhesion in epoxy/glass composites."Journal of Composite materials,2011.
glass fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composites." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2008.
[6] Chronakis, Ioannis S. "Novel nanocomposites and nanoceramics based on polymer nanofibers using electrospinning process—a review." Journal of Materials Processing Technology, pp 283-293,2005.
[7] Bulut, Mehmet, Ahmet Erkliğ, and Eyüp Yeter.
"Experimental investigation on influence of Kevlar fiber hybridization on tensile and damping response of Kevlar/glass/epoxy resin composite laminates." Journal of Composite Materials, pp 1875-1886, 2016.
[8] Chan, Mo-lin, et al. "Mechanism of reinforcement in a nanoclay/polymer composite,"
Composites Part B: Engineering, 42.6, pp 1708- 1712, 2011.
[9] Srikanth, Chivukula. "Characterization and DC Conductivity of Novel ZnO Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Nano-Composite Films," Journal of Advanced Physics, 5.2, pp 105-109, 2016.
[10] P. Gunasekar, S.Manigandan, A.Anderson, J.Devipriya, ―Evaluation of Fe-Epoxy metal nanocompopsite in glass fiber and Kevlar‖, International Journal of Ambient Energy, pp.1-5, 2017.
[11] J.Devipriya, S.Manigandan, P.Gunasekar, S.Nithya,"Experimental Evaluation of Metal Nanocompopsite Al-Epoxy in Kevlar",Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN, 974, p.2115,
[12] S.Nithya,S.Manigandan, P.Gunasekar, J.Devipriya, W.S.R. Saravanan, "Investigation of Stacking Sequence on Glass and Kevlar Fiber", Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN, 974, p.2115,2017.
[13] P.Gunasekar, S.Manigandan, "Computational analysis of frp composite under different temperature gradient",IOP,2017.
[14] Joel fawaz, vikas mittal. ―Polymer nanotube nanocomposite:A review of synthesis methods, properties and applications,‖ Polymer Nanotube Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications, Second Edition, pp 25-27, 2014.
[15] Fidelus, J. D., E. Wiesel, F. H. Gojny, K. Schulte,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
[16]
S.Manigandan,P.Gunasekar,J.Devipriya,A.And erson,S.Nithya, ―Energy-saving potential by changing window position and size in an isolated building‖, International Journal of Ambient Energy, pp.1-5,2017.
[17] Ramezanzadeh, B., M. M. Attar, and M. Farzam.
"A study on the anticorrosion performance of the epoxy–polyamide nanocomposites containing ZnO nanoparticles," Progress in Organic Coatings, pp 410-422, 2011.
[18] S.Manigandan,P.Gunasekar,J.Devipriya,
S.Nithya, ―Determination of heat flux on dual bell nozzle by Monte carlo method‖, Journal of chemical and pharmaceuticals sciences,2016.
[19] S.Nithya,S.Manigandan,
J.Devipriya,P.Gunasekar, "Finite Element Analysis of Droplet Impact on Kevlar Flat Plate", Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN, 974, p.2115,2017.
[20] S.Manigandan, P. Gunasekar, J. Devipriya, W. S.
R. Saravanan. "Reduction of greenhouse gases by the effect of window position and its size in isolated building." Journal of chemical and pharmaceuticals sciences, (2016).
[21] J.Devipriya, S.Manigandan, S.Nithya, P.Gunasekar, Computational Investigation of Flow over Rough Flat Plate, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN 974:
2115,2017.
[22] S.Manigandan, K.Vijayaraja, "Acoustic and mixing characteristic of CD nozzle with inverted triangular tabs", International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2017 Jul 11(just-accepted):1-9.
[23]
P.Gunasekar,S.Manigandan,J.Devipriya,W.S.R.
Saravanan,"Investigation of Dual Mode RJ Nozzle by Discrete transfer method", Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN 974: 2115,2016.
