QUESTION PAPER DECEMBER 2018 | Central Teacher Eligibility Test | India

Bg nwpÒVH$m _| ²⁰> _w{–V n•> h¢ü& narjm nwpÒVH$m gߪ`m

This Book let con tains 20 printed pages. Test Book let No.

‡ÌZ-nÃççII / PAPER—II

VobwJw

^mfm n[a{eÔ> ^{/ TELUGU} LANGUAGE SUPPLEMENT

^mJ IV & V / PART IV & V narjm nwpÒVH$m gßHo$V

Test Booklet Code

In struc tions for Candidates :

1. This Booklet is a Supplement to the Main Test Booklet for those candidates who wish to answer EITHER Part—IV (Language—I) OR Part—V (Language—II) in TELUGU language, but NOT BOTH.

2. Candidates are required to answer Parts I, II, III from the Main Test Booklet and Parts IV and V from the languages chosen by them.

3. Questions on English and Hindi languages for Part—IV and Part—V have been given in the Main Test Booklet.

Language Supplements can be asked for separately.

4. Use Black/Blue Ballpoint Pen only for writing particulars on this page/marking responses in the Answer Sheet.

5. The CODE for this Language Booklet is M. Make sure that the CODE printed on Side-2 of the Answer Sheet and on your Main Test Booklet is the same as that on this Language Supplement Test Booklet. In case of discrepancy, the candidate should immediately report the matter to the Invigilator for replacement of the Language Supplement Test Booklet.

6. This Test Booklet has Two Parts, IV and V, consisting of 60 Objective-type Questions and each carrying 1 mark : Part—IV : Language—I (Telugu) (Q. Nos. 91–120) Part—V : Language—II (Telugu) (Q. Nos. 121–150) 7. Part—IV contains 30 questions for Language—I and Part—V contains 30 questions for Language—II. In this Test Booklet, only questions pertaining to Telugu Language have been given. In case, the language(s) you have opted for as Language—I and/or Language—II is a language other than Telugu, please ask for a Test Booklet that contains questions on that language.

The languages being answered must tally with the languages opted for in your Application Form.

8. Candidates are required to attempt questions in Part—V (Language—II) in a language other than the one chosen as Language—I (Part—IV) from the list of languages.

9. Rough work should be done only in the space provided in the Test Booklet for the same.

10. The answers are to be recorded on the OMR Answer Sheet only. Mark your responses carefully. No whitener is allowed for changing answers.

narjm{W©`m| Ho$ {bE {ZX}e :

1. `h nwpÒVH$m _wª` narjm nwpÒVH$m H$m EH$ n[a{eÔ> h°, CZ narjm{W©`m| Ho$ {bE Omo `m Vmo ^mJçç^IV (^mfmçç^I) `m ^mJçç^V (^mfmçç^II) VobwJw ^mfm _|

XoZm MmhVo h¢, bo{H$Z XmoZm| Zhtü&

2. narjmWu ^mJ ^{I, II, III} Ho$ CŒma _wª` narjm nwpÒVH$m go X| Am°a ^mJ ^IV d ^V Ho$ CŒma CZHo$ ¤mam MwZr ^mfmAm| goü&

3. AßJ´oOr d {h›Xr ^mfm na ‡ÌZ _wª` narjm nwpÒVH$m _| ^mJçç^IV d ^mJçç^V Ho$ A›VJ©V {XE JE h¢ü& ^mfm n[a{eÔ>m| H$mo Amn AbJ go _m±J gH$Vo h¢ü&

4. Bg n•> na {ddaU Aß{H$V H$aZo Edß CŒma-nà na {ZemZ bJmZo Ho$ {bE Ho$db H$mbo/Zrbo ~m∞bnm∞BßQ> noZ H$m ‡`moJ H$a|ü&

5. Bg ^mfm nwpÒVH$m H$m gßHo$V M h°ü& `h gw{Z{¸V H$a b| {H$ Bg ^mfm n[a{eÔ>

narjm nwpÒVH$m H$m gßHo$V, CŒma-nà Ho$ n•>-² Edß _wª` narjm nwpÒVH$m na N>no gßHo$V go {_bVm h°ü& AJa `h {^fi hmo, Vmo narjmWu Xygar ^mfm n[a{eÔ>

narjm nwpÒVH$m boZo Ho$ {bE {ZarjH$ H$mo Vwa›V AdJV H$amE±ü&

6. Bg narjm nwpÒVH$m _| Xmo ^mJ ^IV Am°a ^V h¢, {OZ_| ⁶⁰ dÒVw{Z> ‡ÌZ h¢ VWm

‡À`oH$ ¹ AßH$ H$m h° :

^mJ^—IV: ^mfm^—I (VobwJw) (‡ÌZ gß0 ^91–120)

^mJ^—V : ^mfm^—II (VobwJw) (‡ÌZ gß0 ^121–150)

7. ^mJ^—IV _| ^mfm^—I Ho$ {bE ³⁰ ‡ÌZ Am°a ^mJ^—V _| ^mfm^—II Ho$ {bE

30 ‡ÌZ {XE JE h¢ü& Bg narjm nwpÒVH$m _| Ho$db VobwJw ^mfm go gÂ~p›YV

‡ÌZ {XE JE h¢ü& `{X ^mfm<sup>—I</sup> Am°a/`m ^mfm^—II _| AmnHo$ ¤mam MwZr JB© ^mfm(E±) VobwJw Ho$ Abmdm h°/h¢, Vmo H•$n`m Cg ^mfm dmbr narjm nwpÒVH$m _m±J b|ü& {OZ ^mfmAm| Ho$ ‡ÌZm| Ho$ CŒma Amn Xo aho h¢ dh AmdoXZ-nà _| MwZr JB© ^mfmAm| go AdÌ` _ob ImZr Mm{hEü&

8. narjmWu ^mJ^—V (^mfm^—II) Ho$ {bE, ^mfm gyMr go Eogr ^mfm MwZ|

Omo CZHo$ ¤mam ^mfm^—I (^mJ^—IV) _| MwZr JB© ^mfm go {^fi hmoü&

9. aµ\$ H$m`© narjm nwpÒVH$m _| Bg ‡`moOZ Ho$ {bE Xr JB© Imbr OJh na hr H$a|ü&

10. g^r CŒma Ho$db ^OMR CŒma-nà na hr Aß{H$V H$a|ü& AnZo CŒma ‹`mZnyd©H$

Aß{H$V H$a|ü& CŒma ~XbZo hoVw úoV aßOH$ H$m ‡`moJ {Z{f’ h°ü&

M

MVD18–II

Bg narjm nwpÒVH$m H$mo V~ VH$ Z Imob| O~ VH$ H$hm Z OmEü&

Do not open this Test Book let un til you are asked to do so.

Bg narjm nwpÒVH$m Ho$ {nN>bo AmdaU (n•> gߪ`m <sup>20</sup>) na {XE JE {ZX}em| H$mo ‹`mZ go nãT>|ü&

Read care fully the In struc tions on the Back Cover (Page No. 20) of this Test Book let.

LANG. CODE

18

VobwJw _| {ZX}em| Ho$ {bE Bg nwpÒVH$m Ho$ n•> gߪ`m ² d ¹⁹ XoI|ü&

For In struc tions in Tel ugu, see Page Nos. 2 and 19 of this Book let.

Name of the Candidate (in Capital letters) Roll Number (in figures)

(in words)

Centre of Examination (in Capital letters)

narjmWu H$m Zm_ (~ãS>o Ajam| _|) :

(e„Xm| _|) : AZwH´$_mßH$ (AßH$m| _|) :

narjm-Ho$›– (~ãS>o Ajam| _|) :

narjmWu Ho$ hÒVmja : {ZarjH$ Ho$ hÒVmja :

D _Ø˲≤ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ÃZ ²⁰ Á≥#rÀ$ MʸÀ–˲#. Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ Á‹ÖMÛ¸ô˲Ö

{Á≥‘Ë˝≤ Á≥{ô˲Ö

^—II

ô˛À$Vʸ$ øÍÁŸ Á‹Ì≥œ–˛$Öså˝

øÍVʸ–˲$$

^IV

–˲$«ƒÊ˝$$

^V

—$–˲$√Õ≤ D _Ø˲≤ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ ô˛∆Êˇ–˲–˲$∞ ^˛ı≥µ –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ ô˛∆Êˇ–˲–˲ßÊ˛$™.

D Á≥»Ñʸ _Ø˲≤ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ –˛Ø˲Mʸ ı≥i (ı≥i ¹⁹ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ ²⁰)ÃZ C_aØ˲ Á‹*^˲Ø˲ÀØ˲$ gÍ{Vʸô˲¢V> ^˲ßÊ˛–˲ÖyÏ˛.

Á≥»Ñ>«¶ ı≥∆Êˇ$ (Á≥N«¢V> Ú≥ßÊ˛™ AÑʸ∆>ÀÃZ) :

(AÑʸ∆>ÀÃZ) : Á≥»Ñ>«¶ {Mʸ–˲$ Á‹ÖQ≈ (AÖM¸ÀÃZ) :

Á≥»Ñ> MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö ı≥∆Êˇ$ (Á≥N«¢V> Ú≥ßÊ˛™ AÑʸ∆>ÀÃZ) :

Á≥»Ñ>«¶ ^Û˛{–ÈÀ$ (Á‹Öô˲MʸÖ) : Á≥∆Êˇ≈–Û˛ÑʸMʸ$∞ ^Û˛{–ÈÀ$ (Á‹Öô˲MʸÖ)

Facsimile signature stamp of Centre Superintendent

Á≥»Ñ>∆Êˇ$¶ÀMʸ$ Á‹*^˲Ø˲À$ :

1. H Á≥»Ñ>«¶ øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^IV (øÍÁŸ ^I) ÃÙ˝Mʸ øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^V (øÍÁŸ ^II), ô˛À$Vʸ$ øÍÁŸÃZ C–˲”ßÊ˛À_ØÈ∆¯ M>± ∆ˇÖyÏ˛ÖsÏ˝ÃZØ˲* M>߯ –È« Mˆ∆ÊˇMʸ$ D _Ø˲≤

Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ –˲$$Q≈ Á≥»Ñʸ _Ø˲≤ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ ƒÒ˝$$MʸP JMʸ øÍVʸ–˲$$.

2. Á≥»Ñ>«¶ øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^{I, II, III}ÀMʸ$ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØ˲–˲$$ÀØ˲$ –˲$$Q≈ Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ Ø˲$Ö_ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^IV –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ ^V À Á‹–˲*´ßÈØ˲–˲$$ÀØ˲$ –È∆Êˇ$

GÖÌ≥Mʸ ^Û˛Á‹$MˆØ˲≤ øÍÁŸÃZ C–È”Õ.

3. CÖXœÁŸ$ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ Ìfl˝Ö© øÍÁŸÃZœ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ –˲$$Q≈ Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ÃZ øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^IV –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^V ÃZ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲—. øÍÁŸ Á‹Ì≥œ–˛$Ör$Ø˲$ –Û˛∆Êˇ$V>

AyÏ˛W °Á‹$MˆØ˲–˲^˲$aØ˲$.

4. D ı≥iÃZ —–˲∆Êˇ◊˝ C_aØ˲Á≥#yÊ˛$ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ f–È∫$ Vʸ$∆Êˇ$¢ Ú≥sÏ˝tØ˲Á≥#yÊ˛$, ô˲Á≥µMʸ MÛ¸–˲ÀÖ Ø˲À$Á≥#/±ÀÖ ∆ÊˇÖVʸ$ VʸÀ ªÍÃå˝ ¥Î∆ˇ$$Ör$ Ú≥Ø˲$≤Ø˲$ –˲*{ô˲–Û˛$

EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^ÈÕ.

5. D øÍÁŸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ Á‹ÖMÛ¸ôË˛Ö ^M. f–È∫$ Á≥{ôÈÀÃZ Ú‹Oyä˛&2 ı≥iÃZ Mʸ*yÈ D Á‹ÖMÛ¸ô˲Ö, EØ˲≤߯ ÃÙ˝ß¯ Á‹«^˲*yÊ˛ÖyÏ˛. –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ Á‹ÖQ≈, f–È∫$ Á≥{ôÈÀÃZ VʸÀ Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ Á‹ÖQ≈ Á‹«^˲*yÊ˛ÖyÏ˛. ôÛ˛yÈ EØ˲≤rœ∆ˇ$$Ø˲ –˛ÖrØÛ˛ Á≥»Ñ>´®M>«Mϸ Ìú∆>≈ßÊ˛$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛. {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ Á≥{ôÈÀØ˲$, f–È∫$

Á≥{ôÈÀØ˲$ –˲*∆Êˇ$µ ^Û˛∆ˇ$$Ö^˲$ MˆØ˲yÊ˛Ö ô˲Á≥µ∞Á‹«.

6. D {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ Á≥{ô˲–˲$$ÃZ ∆ˇÖyÊ˛$ øÍV>À$, ^IV –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ ^V CÖßÊ˛$ÃZ —ÁŸƒÊ˝*{‘Ë˝ƒÊ˝$ ∆ÊˇMÊ¸Ö (AªÒ˝jMϸt–å˛ sÒ˝Oã≥) ⁶⁰ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ØÈ≤∆ˇ$$. {Á≥Ü {Á≥‘Ë˝≤Mʸ$ ¹ –˲*∆Êˇ$P MÛ¸sÍ∆ˇ$$Ö^˲yÊ˛–˛$OØ˲®:

øÍVʸÖ^—IV: øÍÁŸ^—I (ô˛À$Vʸ$) ({Á≥‘Ë˝≤ ⁹¹ Ø˲$ÖyÏ˛ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤¹²⁰ –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$) øÍVʸÖ^—V : øÍÁŸ^—II (ô˛À$Vʸ$) ({Á≥‘Ë˝≤ ¹²¹ Ø˲$ÖyÏ˛ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤¹⁵⁰ –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$)

7. øÍVÊ¸Ö ^IV øÍÁŸ ^I ÃZ ³⁰ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ øÍVÊ¸Ö ^V øÍÁŸ ^II ÃZ ³⁰ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ MʸÀ–˲#. D Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ÃZ ô˛À$Vʸ$ øÍÁŸMʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®Ö_Ø˲ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$

–˲*{ô˲–Û˛$ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲—. “$∆Êˇ$ GÖÌ≥Mʸ ^Û˛Á‹$MˆØ˲≤ øÍÁŸÀÃZ, øÍÁŸ ^I –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$/ÃÙ˝Mʸ øÍÁŸ ^II øÍÁŸ ô˛À$Vʸ$ øÍÁŸ MʸØÈ≤ –Û˛∆ˇOØ˲® A∆ˇ$$ôÛ˛, ßÊ˛ƒÊ˝$^Û˛Ì‹ B øÍÁŸÃZ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À$ VʸÀ Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ Mˆ∆ÊˇMʸ$ AyÏ˛W °Á‹$M¯ÖyÏ˛. “$∆Êˇ$ f–È∫$ {–ÈÌ‹Ø˲ øÍÁŸ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ AÌ≥œMÛ¸ÁŸØ˲$ ∏Î∆äˇ√ÃZ GÖÌ≥Mʸ ^Û˛Á‹$MˆØ˲≤ øÍÁŸ JMʸsÙ˝

A∆ˇ$$ EÖyÈÕ.

8. Á≥»Ñ>«¶ øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^V (øÍÁŸ ^II) ÃZ∞ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀØ˲$ (øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^IV ÃZ) GÖÌ≥Mʸ ^Û˛Á‹$MˆØ˲≤ øÍÁŸ ^I (øÍVʸ–˲$$ ^IV ÃZ) øÍÁŸÀ gͺôÈÃZ VʸÀ øÍÁŸ MʸØÈ≤

¿Ø˲≤–˛$OØ˲®V> EÖyÊ˛–˲ÃÒ˝Ø˲$.

9. _ô˲$¢ Á≥∞ (∆Êˇãú –˲∆Êˇ$PØ˲$) Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ÃZ ßÈ∞ Mˆ∆ÊˇMʸ$ MÛ¸sÍ∆ˇ$$ÖÁ≥∫yÏ˛Ø˲ Á‹¶À–˲$$ÃZØÛ˛ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$–˲ÃÒ˝Ø˲$.

10. f–È∫$À$ ^OMR f–È∫$ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ–˲$$ÃZØÛ˛ {–ÈƒÊ˝$–˲ÃÒ˝Ø˲$. “$ f–È∫$ÀØ˲$ gÍ{Vʸô˲¢V> Vʸ$«¢Ö^˲ÖyÏ˛. f–È∫$ÀØ˲$ –˲*∆Êˇ$arMʸ$ –˛Or≤∆äˇ –ÈyÊ˛$r

∞ıŸ´ßÊ˛–˲$$.

M

MVD18–II

LANG. CODE

18

AøÊ˝≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ ô˛À$Vʸ$Ø˲$ øÍÁŸ ^–I V> GÖ^˲$Mʸ$∞ –˲#Ø˲≤rœ∆ˇ$$ôÛ˛

øÍVʸ–˲$$

^–

^IV ÃZ∞ ({Á≥‘Ë˝≤ Á‹ÖQ≈ ^91–120 ÀMʸ$) Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ∆>ƒÊ˝*Õ.

Candidates should attempt the questions from Part–IV (Q. Nos.

91–120), if they have opted TELUGU

as Language–I only.

Part—IV /

øÍVʸ–˲$$ &

^IV

Language—I /

øÍÁŸ &

^I

Telugu /

ô˛À$Vʸ$

AøÊ˝≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ ô˛À$Vʸ$Ø˲$ øÍÁŸ^–I V> GÖ^˲$Mʸ$∞ –˲#Ø˲≤rœ∆ˇ$$ôÛ˛ øÍVʸ–˲$$^–IV ÃZ∞ ({Á≥‘Ë˝≤ Á‹ÖQ≈ ^91–120) ÀMʸ$ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$

∆>ƒÊ˝*Õ.

‹*^˲Ø˲À$ : D {Mϸ֮ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀMʸ$ Á‹∆ˇOØ˲ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ∆>ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛

(^91–105) :

91. øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ÃZ –˛Ø˲$Mʸ∫yÏ˛Ø˲ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À M¯Á‹Ö AØ˲$Á‹«Ö^˲–˲ÀÌ‹Ø˲ Eô˲¢–˲$ ’Ñʸ◊˝ –˲N≈Áfl˝Ö

(1) –˛OƒÊ˝$Mϸ¢Mʸ ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲

(2) ›Î–˲$*Ìfl˝Mʸ ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲

(3) fr$t ^(Peer) ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲

(4) Ú≥O–˲∞≤ƒÊ˝$$

92. øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ÃZ ÀÑ>≈Ø˲$÷ÀØ˲, –˲$*ÃÍ≈ÖMʸØ˲ M¯Á‹Ö {Mϸ֮ –È∞ÃZ H® ô˲Á≥µ∞Á‹«V> EÖyÈÕ?

(1) ÀÑʸ¸≈Ö –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ —–˲$∆ÊˇÿØÈô˲√Mʸ

(2) Á‹–˲${Vʸ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ –˲≈–˲‡∆>ô˲√Mʸ —‘Û˝œÁŸ◊˝

(3) Ø˲–˲$√Mʸ–˛$OØ˲ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ —À$–˛OØ˲ —‘Û˝œÁŸ◊˝

(4) Ú≥O–˲∞≤ƒÊ˝$$

93. {Mϸ֮ –È∞ÃZ JMʸsÏ˝ øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛ØÈ ÀÑʸ¸≈Ö M>ßÊ˛$

(1) BÃZ^˲Ø˲À –˲$${ßÊ˛◊˝

(2) øÍÁŸØ˲$ A∆Êˇ¶Ö ^Û˛Á‹$M¯–˲yÊ˛Ö

(3) ∆Êˇ^˲Ø˲ÃZ Ø˛OÁ≥#◊˝≈Ö

(4) Á‹ñfØÈô˲√Mʸô˲

94. øÍ⁄Î Ø˛OÁ≥#◊Í≈ÀØ˲$ {Á≥ܥήÖ^Û˛ Á‹ÖßÊ˛∆Êˇ¬ÖÃZ {Mϸ֮

–È∞ÃZ H {Á≥MʸrØ˲ Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲® M>ßÊ˛$?

(1) øÍ⁄Î Ø˛OÁ≥#◊Í≈À A¿–˲ñ®ÆÃZ ›Î´ßÊ˛Ø˲ MʸÖsÙ˝ øÍÁŸ Á‹*{ôÈÀ$ ^ÈÀ –˲$$Q≈–˛$OØ˲—.

(2) {‘Ë˝–˲◊˝Ö, –˲*sÍœyÊ˛yÊ˛Ö, Á≥uÊˇØ˲Ö, ÃÙ˝QØË˛Ö AØÛ˛

{Mʸ–˲$ÖÃZØÛ˛ Ì≥ÀœÀ$ ØÛ˛∆Êˇ$aMʸ$ÖsÍ∆Êˇ$.

(3) Á≥uÊˇØ˲Ö, ÃÙ˝QØË˛Ö –˲ÖsÏ˝ Ø˛OÁ≥#◊Í≈ÀØ˲$ ¥ÎuÊˇ‘ÈÀÃZ ô˲Á≥µ∞Á‹« ^˛ƒÊ˝*≈Õ.

(4) øÍÁŸÃZ∞ ØÈÀ$Vʸ$ Ø˛OÁ≥#◊Í≈À$ JMʸßÈ∞ô¯ JMʸsÏ˝

–˲$$yÏ˛Á≥yÏ˛ EØÈ≤∆ˇ$$.

95. ""–È≈Mʸ∆Êˇ◊˝Ö ô˛ÕƒÊ˝$Mʸ¥˘∆ˇ$$ØÈ, Ì≥Àœ øÍÁŸØ˲$ ô˲”∆ÊˇV>

ØÛ˛∆Êˇ$aMʸ$Ör$Ö®'' A∞ G–˲∆Êˇ$ ^˛¥Îµ∆Êˇ$?

(1) Á≥ô˲ÖfÕ –˲$Áfl˝«¤

(2) ÃÍ∆äˇz Ô‹”så˝ (Lord Sweet)

(3) ÃÍ∆äˇz –˛$M>ÃÒ˝ (Lord Macaulay)

(4) iØå˛ Ì≥ƒÊ˝*gÒ˝så˝ (Jean Piaget)

96. “$∆Êˇ$ ªZ´®Ö^Û˛ Á‹–˲$ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ, “$ ô˲∆ÊˇVÊ¸Ü —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À$

MʸÁŸtô˲∆Êˇ–˛$OØ˲ Á‹ÖßÛ˛‡ÀØ˲$, {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀØ˲$ AyÊ˛Vʸ–˲^˲$a.

Ar$–˲ÖsÏ˝ Á≥«Ì‹¶ô˲$ÀÃZ “$∆Êˇ$ HÖ ^Û˛›Î¢∆Êˇ$?

(1) –˲$$ÖßÊ˛$V>ØÛ˛ Ì‹ßÊ˛ÆÁ≥yÏ˛ ô˲∆ÊˇVʸÜMϸ –˛‚Ê˝ôÈ∆Êˇ$. AyÏ˛WØ˲

–˛ÖrØÛ˛ –È« Á‹ÖßÛ˛‡ÀØ˲$ ∞–˲ñÜ¢ ^Û˛Ì‹, {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀMʸ$

Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ^˛¥Î¢∆Êˇ$.

(2) –È« {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀØ˲$, Á‹ÖßÛ˛‡ÀØ˲$ {–ÈÁ‹$Mˆ∞ –˲$∆Êˇ$Á‹sÏ˝

∆¯k –ÈsÏ˝∞ ∞–˲ñÜ¢ ^Û˛›Î¢∆Êˇ$.

(3) –È«ô¯ Á≥#Á‹¢Mʸ Á≥uÊˇØË˛Ö ^Û˛∆ˇ$$Ö_, –È«ô¯

^˲«aÖ_Ø˲ ô˲∆Êˇ$–Èô˲ Á‹ÖßÛ˛‡ÀØ˲$ ∞–˲ñÜ¢ ^Û˛Ì‹, {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀMʸ$ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ^˛∫$ôÈ∆Êˇ$.

(4) ô˲∆ÊˇVʸÜÃZ {Mʸ–˲$ ’Ñʸ◊˝V> EÖ^˲yÈ∞Mϸ Ar$–˲ÖsÏ˝

—ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀØ˲$ ∞∆Êˇ$ôÈfiÁfl˝Á≥∆Êˇ$›Î¢∆Êˇ$.

97. Á≥»Ñʸ Mˆ∆ÊˇMʸ$ AÜ ô˲”∆ÊˇV> ^˲ßÊ˛–˲yÊ˛Ö (Cram ming)

–˲ÀØ˲ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ Gr$–˲ÖsÏ˝ Ø˲⁄Ît∞≤ ¥˜ÖßÊ˛$ôÈ∆Êˇ$?

(1) –È« –Û˛$´ßÊ˛Á‹$fi A¿–˲ñ®Æ ^˛ÖßÊ˛ßÊ˛$.

(2) –È∆Êˇ$ Bô˲√—‘È”›Î∞≤ M¯ÃZµôÈ∆Êˇ$.

(3) –È∆Êˇ$ ô˲∆ÊˇVʸÜÃZ ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ Ø˲$ÖyÏ˛ ßÊ˛*∆ÊˇÖ A–˲#ôÈ∆Êˇ$.

(4) –È∆Êˇ$ ∞f–˛$OØ˲ BÃZ^˲Ø˲ÀØ˲$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$ÃÙ˝∆Êˇ$.

98. {ı≥∆Êˇ◊˝ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜÃZ øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö –˲ÀØ˲ MʸÕVÛ¸

{Á≥ƒÒ˝*fØ˲ÖÃZ C® JMʸsÏ˝

(1) —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ CÖsÏ˝Á≥∞ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$–˲ÀÌ‹Ø˲ A–˲Á‹∆ÊˇÖ ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$.

(2) Á≥»ÑʸÀ MˆÇ˝Mʸ$ AÜ ô˲”∆ÊˇV> ^˲®–Û˛ AÀ–Èr$

—ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀÃZ A¿–˲ñ®Æ ^˛ÖßÊ˛ßÊ˛$.

(3) ô˲∆ÊˇVʸÜÃZ {Mʸ–˲$ ’Ñʸ◊˝ ∞∆Êˇ”Ìfl˝ÖÁ≥∫yÊ˛$ô˲$Ö®.

(4) —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ ô˲Mʸ$P–˲ –˲≈–˲´®ÃZ GMʸ$P–˲ (–˲$«Öô˲) ØÛ˛∆Êˇ$aMʸ$ÖsÍ∆Êˇ$.

99. ø͖˲ –˲≈MÓ¸¢Mʸ∆Êˇ◊˝ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ A¿{¥ÎƒÊ˝*ÀØ˲$ D {Mϸ֮

—´ßÊ˛ÖV> ô˛ÕƒÊ˝$gÙ˝ƒÊ˝$yÈ∞Mϸ øÍÁŸ JMʸ Eô˲¢–˲$

–˲*´ßÊ˛≈–˲$Ö

(1) {Á≥^È∆ÊˇÖ

(2) ı‹Mʸ∆Êˇ◊˝

(3) –˲*«µyÏ˛

(4) Ú≥O–˲∞≤ƒÊ˝$$

100. JMʸ øÍ∆Êˇ°ƒÊ˝$ ªÍÀ$yÊ˛$/ªÍÕMʸ C® ØÛ˛∆Êˇ$aM¯–ÈÕfiØ˲

A–˲Á‹∆ÊˇÖ EÖ®

(1) –˲*ô˲ñøÍÁŸ

(2) –˲*ô˲ñøÍÁŸô¯ ¥Îr$ {¥ÎÖ°ƒÊ˝$ øÍÁŸ

(3) –˲*ô˲ñøÍÁŸô¯ ¥Îr$ BÖVʸœ–˲$$

(4) H–˛OØÈ –˲$*yÊ˛$ øÍÁŸÀ$

101. ^Û˛∆Êˇ$aM¯∫yÏ˛Ø˲ ô˲∆ÊˇVʸÜÃZ øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ÃZ AØÛ˛Mʸ

Á‹–È‚Ê˝ÂÃZ C® JMʸ Á‹–ÈÃå˝

(1) øÍÁŸØ˲$ ØÛ˛∆Êˇ$aM¯–˲yÈ∞Mϸ Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲ –ÈôÈ–Ë˛∆Êˇ◊Í∞≤

MʸյÖ^˲ ÃÙ˝Mʸ¥˘–˲yÊ˛Ö

(2) Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲ AøÍ≈Á‹ EÁ≥Mʸ∆Êˇ◊ÍÀ$ ÃÙ˝Mʸ¥˘–˲yÊ˛Ö

(3) —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À ›Î–˲$∆Êˇ¶¸≈ÖÃZ AÁ‹–˲*Ø˲ô˲

(4) AÖßÊ˛∆Êˇ$ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀÃZ JMÛ¸ ∆ÊˇMʸ–˛$OØ˲ BÁ‹Mϸ¢

ÃÙ˝Mʸ¥˘–˲yÊ˛Ö

102. {Mϸ֮ –È∞ÃZ H gÍqØ˲ Á‹–˲$$¥Î∆ÊˇjØ˲, –˲*ô˲ñøÍÁŸÃZ ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ ÀÑʸ¸≈Ö M>ßÊ˛$?

(1) øÍ⁄Î –˲$*ÃÍÀÃZ ô˲WØ˲Öô˲ gÍqØË˛Ö ¥˜ÖßÊ˛yÊ˛Ö

(2) ——´ßÊ˛ —ÁŸƒÊ˝*ÀÃZ gÍqØ˲Ö

(3) E^Èe∆Êˇ◊˝ÃZ gÍqØ˲Ö

(4) ——´ßÊ˛ ∆ÊˇM>ÃÒ˝OØ˲ øÍ⁄Î ∆Êˇ^˲Ø˲ÀÃZ gÍqØ˲Ö

103. {Mϸ֮ –È∞ÃZ ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ H®?

(1) GÖÌ≥Mʸ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ

(2) LôÈfiÌfl˝Mʸ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ

(3) {ı≥∆Êˇ◊Íô˲√Mʸ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ

(4) –˛OÁ≥∞≤ƒÊ˝$$

104. øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ÃZ ßÊ˛ñ‘Ë˝≈&{‘Ë˝–˲◊˝ Á≥«Mʸ∆>À$ ©∞Mϸ

EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*Vʸ Á≥yÊ˛ôÈ∆ˇ$$

(1) Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲ E^Èe∆Êˇ◊˝

(2) Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜÃZ {–ÈƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö

(3) Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲ Á≥uÊˇØ˲Ö

(4) Ú≥O–Û˛“ M>–˲#

105. A–˲‘Û˝ÁŸ ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ (Re me dial Teach ing) Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ –˲ÀØ˲ C® f∆Êˇ$Vʸ$ô˲$Ö®

(1) C® Á‹–˲$Á‹≈ÀØ˲$ Vʸ$«¢Ö^˲yÊ˛ÖÃZ MʸÁŸt›Î¶∆ˇ$$∞

Ú≥Ö^˲$ô˲$Ö®.

(2) Á‹–˲$Á‹≈À Á≥«⁄ÎP∆>∞≤ —fƒÊ˝$–˲ÖôË˛Ö ^Û˛Á‹$¢Ö®.

(3) Á‹–˲$Á‹≈ÀØ˲$ ^˲*Á≥#ô˲$Ö®.

(4) Á‹–˲$Á‹≈ÀÚ≥O øÍ⁄Î Á‹*{ôÈÀ gÍqØÈ∞≤ CÁ‹$¢Ö®.

Á‹*^˲Ø˲ : D {MϸÖßÊ˛ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲ Mʸ—ô˲∞ ^˲®— C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤À (^106–111) Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ∆>ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛ :

""A∆ÊˇƒÊ˝$Øå˛ ‘Ë˝Öô˲Ø˲$ Á≥#{ô˲$Ú≥O —ßÊ˛$∆Êˇ$Ú≥O Ø˲{Mʸ*∆Êˇ$Ú≥O Vʸ$fjÚ≥O Ø˲∆Êˇ$Ú≥O {ß˙Á≥®Ú≥O Vʸ$^Û˛À$∞Á≥∆ˇ$$Øå˛ Ø˲ÖßÊ˛{Á≥f{‘Û˝◊Ï˝Ú≥O

∫∆ÊˇVʸÖVʸÀ$œ øÊ˝–˲ô˲P≠ñ¥Î∆ÊˇÁ‹–˲$$ ØÈÚ≥O VˆÖô˲ ∆>∞–˲$$√ ±

`∆Êˇ◊Í∫jÖ∫$À$ Ø˲—$√ØÈØ˲$ fVʸ©‘È ! MʸñÁŸ~ ! øÊ˝Mʸ¢ {Ì≥ƒÊ˝*

106. Ú≥O Á≥ßÊ˛≈–˲$$Ø˲ÖßÊ˛$ VʸÀ øÊ˝Mϸ¢

(1) MʸñÁŸ~øÊ˝Mϸ¢

(2) ’–˲øÊ˝Mϸ¢

(3) ∆>–˲$øÊ˝Mϸ¢

(4) —ÁŸ~$øÊ˝Mϸ¢

107. ^˲∆Êˇ◊Í∫jÖ∫$À$ AØÛ˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÖÃZ VʸÀ Á‹Ö´®

(1) Á‹–˲∆Êˇ~©∆ÊˇÉ Á‹Ö´®

(2) {ÜMʸ Á‹Ö´®

(3) B{–Û˛$yÏ˛ô˲ Á‹Ö´®

(4) Vʸ$◊˝ Á‹Ö´®

108. ""Ø˲∆Êˇ$Ú≥O'' AØÛ˛ Á≥ßÈ∞Mϸ A∆Êˇ¶Ö

(1) –˲*Ø˲–˲#yÊ˛$

(2) A∆Êˇ$jØ˲$yÊ˛$

(3) Ø˲∆Êˇ–˲$$

(4) H© M>ßÊ˛$

109. ""^˲∆Êˇ◊Í∫j–˲$$À$'' AØ˲$ Á≥ßÈ∞Mϸ A∆Êˇ¶Ö

(1) ¥ÎßÊ˛Á≥ßÊ˛√–˲$$À$

(2) Á≥ßÊ˛√–˲$$À –˲ÖsÏ˝ MʸØ˲$≤À$

(3) ôÈ–Ë˛∆ÊˇÀ –˲ÖsÏ˝ ^Û˛ô˲$À$

(4) Á≥ßÊ˛√–˲$$ –˲ÖsÏ˝ –˲$$Q–˲$$

110. Ú≥O Á≥ßÊ˛≈–˲$$Ø˲ÖßÊ˛$ VʸÀ b˲ÖßÊ˛Á‹$fi

(1) Eô˲µÀ–˲*À

(2) ‘È∆Êˇ*™À–˲$$

(3) –˲$ôÛ˛¢øÊ˝–˲$$

(4) ^˲ÖÁ≥Mʸ–˲*À

111. Ú≥O Á≥ßÊ˛≈–˲$$ H M>–˲≈–˲$$ÃZ∞®?

(1) MʸñÁŸ~ ‘Ë˝ô˲Mʸ–˲$$

(2) Á‹∆Ûˇ”‘Ë˝”∆Êˇ ‘Ë˝ô˲Mʸ–˲$$

(3) ^˲ô˲$∆Ûˇ”ßÊ˛ ›Î∆Êˇ–˲$$

(4) –Û˛–˲$Ø˲ ‘Ë˝ô˲Mʸ–˲$$

Á‹*^˲Ø˲À$ : D {MϸÖßÊ˛ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲ AÖ‘È∞≤ ^˲®— ¹¹² Ø˲$Ö_

120 –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ –˲#Ø˲≤ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀMʸ$ Á‹∆ˇOØ˲ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ∆>ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛ :

—ßÛ˛÷ ƒÊ˝*{ÜMʸ$À$ ^˛Ì≥µØ˲ ßÈ∞∞ ∫sÏ˝t Mʸ$ô˲$ªå˝⁄ÎÔfl˝À ∆>f≈Ö

^ÈÀ Á‹ÖÁ≥Ø˲≤–˛$OØ˲®. ^1618-22ÀÃZ –˲$_ŒÁ≥r≤ÖÃZ {ºsÏ˝ãŸ DÌ‹tÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* MʸÖÚ≥± E߯≈WV> EØ˲≤ —ÕƒÊ˝$Ö –˛$ôå˛–¯Ãå˝z ^ÈÃÍ {Á≥ßÛ˛‘ÈÀÃZ JMʸP Á≥ÖsÙ˝ Á≥ÖyÏ˛ØÈ ∆ˇÖyÊ˛$–˲$*yÊ˛$ Á≥ÖrÀ$ Á≥ÖyÛ˛

^¯r$œ Mʸ*yÈ EØÈ≤ƒÊ˝$± ÁúÀ–˲Öô˲–˛$OØ˲ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝–˲$±, A∞≤ –˲Á‹$¢–˲#À*

^˙MʸV> Á‹–˲$ñ®ÆV> ߈∆Êˇ$Mʸ$ôÈƒÊ˝$± {–È‘ÈyÊ˛$. Á≥Ø˛≤ÖyÊ˛$ Ú≥±≤Õı‹¢

G∞—$® M¯‚Ê˝$ C›Î¢∆Êˇ$. Á≥® Ú≥±≤ÀMϸ Vˆ{∆ˇM>∞, –Û˛$MʸV>∞, ¹⁸ Ú≥±≤À Ø˲$Ö_ ² ÌŸÕœÖVʸ$À –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ –˲$Ö_ Á≥Ö®.

1665ÃZ V¯ÃüPÖyÊ˛ ∆>f≈ÖÃZ EØ˲≤ {ÚúÖ_ ƒÊ˝*{ÜMʸ$yÊ˛$

""sÍ–˛«≤ƒÊ˝$∆äˇ'' ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ´ßÈØ˲≈Ö, ºƒÊ˝$≈Ö, Á≥‘Ë˝$–˲#À$, Vˆ{∆ˇÀ$, M¯‚Ê˝$ Cô˲∆Êˇ i—ôÈ–Ë˛Á‹∆Êˇ –˲Á‹$¢–˲#À$ Á‹–˲$ñ®ÆV> EØÈ≤ƒÊ˝$ØÈ≤yÊ˛$.

ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö∞ÖyÈ ^˛∆Êˇ$–˲#À$ØÈ≤ƒÊ˝$∞, A— Gô˲$¢ {Á≥ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZ EÖyÊ˛yÊ˛Ö

^Û˛ô˲ AyÊ˛zÖV> Xr$t ¥˘ı‹¢ ±∆Êˇ$ ∞À∫yÊ˛$ô˲$ÖßÊ˛∞, –È∞ {MϸÖßÊ˛

M>À$–˲À ßÈ”∆> ¥˜ÃÍÀMʸ$ ±∆Êˇ$ ¥Î«›Î¢∆Êˇ± ∆>‘ÈyÊ˛$.

17–˲ ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫™ÖÃZ ∫ÖV>‚ÍRÍôË˛Ö VʸÀ {Á≥ßÛ˛‘ÈÀÃZ "ªo∆Ûˇ' AØ˲$

{ºr$ÁŸ$ –˲∆Êˇ¢Mʸ$yÊ˛$ ""hÖV>Œ M¯›Î¢ {Á≥Á≥Ö^˲ÖÃZMÛ¸ AÜ

›Î∆Êˇ–˲Öô˲–˛$OØ˲ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö'' A∞ AØÈ≤yÊ˛$. D ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Á≥# Á‹ÖÁ≥ßÊ˛ ^˲*ı‹

{Mϸ̋tƒÊ˝$Øå˛ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ –È∆Êˇ$ CMʸPyÊ˛ Ì‹¶∆ÊˇÁ≥yÏ˛, –˲∆Êˇ¢MʸÖ

^Û˛Á‹$Mʸ$Ör$ØÈ≤∆ÊˇØÈ≤yÊ˛$. ""fØ˲Á‹–˲$√∆ÊˇÆÖ VʸÀ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö H–¯ Mˆ∞≤

Q∞gÍÀ$ ô˲Á≥µ A–˲Á‹∆Êˇ–˛$OØ˲–˲±≤ EØÈ≤∆ˇ$$'' AØÈ≤yÊ˛$.

1608-14 –˲$´ßÊ˛≈ ∞gÍÖ Á≥r≤ÖÃZ yÊ˛^å˛ –È« M>ÀÁ≥#ÃZ EØ˲≤

JMʸ AgÍqÜ ÃÙ˝QMʸ$yÊ˛$ M¯›Î¢–˲$ÖyÊ˛ÀÖÃZ Á‹Áfl˝f Á‹ÖÁ≥ßÊ˛À$ A´®MÊ¸Ö AØÈ≤yÊ˛$. AÖßÊ˛$^Û˛ô˲ M¯›Î¢ ¥˜yÊ˛$Vʸ$ Ø˲$Ö` ´ßÈØ˲≈Ö, güØ˲≤À$, Á≥Á≥öÀ$, –˛Ø˲≤, Ø˲*Ø˛ °Á‹$Mʸ$∞ ôˆsÏ˝t Á≥yÊ˛–˲À$ ßÊ˛$Vʸ∆>k Á≥r≤Ö, A∆Êˇ√V>Øå˛, Á≥#ÕM>så˝, –˛$OÃÍÁ≥N∆äˇ, M¯–˲ÀÖ, Vʸ$Ø˲$–¯y˛,

ôÛ˛–È∆Êˇ$Á≥r≤Ö, ¥˘∆¯tÃZد, B{sÒ˝fØË˛Ö Á≥r≤Ö –˛$$ßÊ˛À∆ˇ$$Ø˲ ^¯rœMʸ$

¥˘ô˲$ÖsÍƒÊ˝$ØÈ≤yÊ˛$.

1667 Mʸ$ô˲$ªå˝⁄ÎÌfl˝ ∆>f≈ÖÃZ EØ˲≤ ""ô˛–˛ØÈ'' AØÛ˛ {ÚúÖ_

–˛OßÊ˛$≈yÊ˛$ –˲$_ŒÁ≥r≤Ö –˲$Ö_ –È◊Ï˝f≈ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö A±, Á‹Ø˲≤∫rtÀ$

AMʸPyÏ˛ Ø˲$Ö_ ^ÈÀ GMʸ$P–˲V> GVʸ$–˲$Ü A–˲#ôÈƒÊ˝$∞ AØÈ≤yÊ˛$.

112. V¯ÃüPÖyÊ˛ ∆>f≈Ö Á‹ÖßÊ˛«ÿÖ_Ø˲ {ÚúÖ_ ƒÊ˝*{ÜMʸ$yÊ˛$

(1) sÍ–˛«≤ƒÊ˝$∆äˇ

(2) Mʸ$ô˲$ªå˝⁄ÎÔfl˝

(3) ªo∆Ûˇ

(4) ô˛–˛ØÈ

113. ""hÖV>Œ M¯›Î¢ {Á≥Á≥Ö^˲ÖÃZMÛ¸ AÜ ›Î∆Êˇ–˲Öô˲–˛$OØ˲

ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö'' A∞ AØÈ≤yÊ˛$

(1) ô˛–˛ØÈ

(2) ªo∆Ûˇ

(3) Ì‹.Ì≥. {ªoØå˛

(4) —ÕƒÊ˝$–å˛$ –˛$ôå˛–¯Ãå˝t

114. "ô˛–˛ØÈ' AØÛ˛ {ÚúÖ_ –˛OßÊ˛$≈yÊ˛$ –˲$_ŒÁ≥r≤Ö Á‹ÖßÊ˛«ÿÖ_Ø˲ Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆ÊˇÖ

(1) 1608-14 (2) 1667 (3) 1618 (4) 1665

115. –˲$_ŒÁ≥r≤ÖÃZ DÌ‹tÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝* MʸÖÚ≥± E߯≈WV>

EØ˲≤ß˛–˲∆Êˇ$?

(1) —ÕƒÊ˝$–å˛$ –˛$ôå˛–¯Ãå˝z

(2) sÍ–˛«≤ƒÊ˝$∆äˇ

(3) ô˛–˛ØÈ

(4) ªo∆Ûˇ

116. {ÚúÖ_ –˲∆Êˇ¢Mʸ$ ∫ÖV>‚Í RÍôË˛Ö VʸÀ {Á≥ßÛ˛‘È∞≤

Á‹ÖßÊ˛«ÿÖ_Ø˲ Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆ÊˇÖ

(1) 17–˲ ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫™Ö

(2) AgÍqô˲ Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆ÊˇÖ

(3) 1665

(4) 1608

117. –˲$_ŒÁ≥r≤Ö Ø˲$Ö_ ""Á‹Ø˲≤∫rtÀ$'' GVʸ$–˲$Ü A–˲#ôÈƒÊ˝$∞ AØ˲≤ß˛–˲∆Êˇ$?

(1) sÍ–˛«≤ƒÊ˝$∆äˇ

(2) hÖV>Œ

(3) ô˛–˛ØÈ

(4) ªo∆Ûˇ

118. V¯ÃüPÖyÊ˛ÃZ {ÚúÖ_ ƒÊ˝*{ÜMʸ$yÊ˛$ EØ˲≤ Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆ÊˇÖ

(1) 1665

(2) 1618-22

(3) 1608

(4) 1667

119. ""fØ˲ Á‹–˲$√∆ÊˇÆÖ VʸÀ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö H–¯ Mˆ∞≤ Q∞gÍÀ$ ô˲Á≥µ A–˲Á‹∆Êˇ–˛$OØ˲–˲±≤ EØÈ≤∆ˇ$$'' A∞ ^˛Ì≥µØ˲–ÈyÊ˛$

(1) ô˛–˛ØÈ

(2) ªo∆Ûˇ

(3) AgÍqô˲ –˲∆Êˇ¢Mʸ$yÊ˛$

(4) sÍ–˛«≤ƒÊ˝$∆äˇ

120. ∞gÍÖ Á≥r≤ÖÃZ AgÍqô˲ ÃÙ˝QMʸ$yÊ˛$ H Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆ÊˇÖÃZ EØÈ≤yÊ˛$?

(1) 1608-14

(2) 1667

(3) 1618-22

(4) 1665

AøÊ˝≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ ô˛À$Vʸ$Ø˲$ øÍÁŸ ^–II V> GÖ^˲$Mʸ$∞ –˲#Ø˲≤rœ∆ˇ$$ôÛ˛

øÍVʸ–˲$$

^–

^V ÃZ∞ ({Á≥‘Ë˝≤ Á‹ÖQ≈ ^121–150 ÀMʸ$) Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ∆>ƒÊ˝*Õ.

Candidates should attempt the questions from Part–V (Q. Nos.

121–150), if they have opted TELUGU

as Language–II only.

Part—V /

øÍVʸ–˲$$ &

^V

Language—II /

øÍÁŸ &

^II

Telugu /

ô˛À$Vʸ$

AøÊ˝≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ ô˛À$Vʸ$Ø˲$ øÍÁŸ^–II V> GÖ^˲$Mʸ$∞ –˲#Ø˲≤rœ∆ˇ$$ôÛ˛ øÍVʸ–˲$$^–V ÃZ∞ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ Á‹ÖQ≈ ^121–150 ÀMʸ$ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$

∆>ƒÊ˝*Õ.

Á‹*^˲Ø˲À$ : D {Mϸ֮ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀMʸ$ Á‹∆ˇOØ˲ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ∆>ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛

(^121–135) :

121. ——´ßÊ˛ ›Î¶∆ˇ$$ÀÃZ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ VʸÀ ô˲∆ÊˇVʸÜÃZ

›Î´ßÈ∆Êˇ◊˝ÖV> D {Mϸ֮ —ÁŸƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ GMʸ$P–˲ ô˲Á≥öÀ$

^Û˛›Î¢∆Êˇ$

(1) ^˲ßÊ˛–˲yÊ˛Ö

(2) ∆>ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö

(3) –˲*sÍœyÊ˛yÊ˛Ö

(4) Ú≥O–˲±≤

122. ""–È≈Mʸ∆Êˇ◊˝Ö {Á≥–˲∆Êˇ¢ØÈô˲√Mʸ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$

Ì‹ßÈÆÖô˲Á≥∆Êˇ–˛$OØ˲®.'' D {Á≥MʸrØ˲ GÖô˲–˲∆ÊˇMʸ$

AÖXM>∆Êˇ–˲$$?

(1) Á‹ÖÁ≥N∆Êˇ~ AÖXM>∆ÊˇÖ

(2) ¥ÎÑϸMʸ AÖXM>∆ÊˇÖ

(3) AÖXM>∆Êˇ–˲$$ M>ßÊ˛$

(4) AÖXMʸ«Ö^˲–˲^˲$a ÃÙ˝ßÈ AÖXMʸ«Ö^˲Mʸ¥˘–˲^˲$a

123. {¥Î£Ê˛—$Mʸ ÃÙ˝ßÈ ®”°ƒÊ˝$ ›Î¶∆ˇ$$ÀÃZ EØ˲≤ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀÃZ øÍÁŸÚ≥O BÁ‹Mϸ¢∞ –˲$«Öô˲V> Ú≥Ö^˲yÈ∞Mϸ C® A–˲Á‹∆Êˇ–˲$$

(1) Á≥#Á‹¢M>À Á≥uÊˇØË˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$–˲$∞ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀMʸ$

^˛Á≥µ–˲^˲$a.

(2) AØÛ˛Mʸ›Î∆Êˇ$œ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀMʸ$ –˲òSMʸÖV> —–˲«Ö^ÈÕ.

(3) —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀMʸ$ —Ör* ∆>ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö ØÛ˛«µÖ^ÈÕ.

(4) —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀÃZ –È≈Mʸ∆Êˇ◊˝ gÍqØÈ∞≤ Ú≥Ö¥˜Ö®Ö^ÈÕ.

124. –˲òSMʸÖV> C^Û˛a {Á≥ßÊ˛∆ÊˇÿØ˲ ÃÙ˝ßÈ ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜMϸ ô˲WØ˲®

M>ßÊ˛$

(1) Á‹”∆Êˇ∫ßÊ˛Æ–˛$OØ˲ {Á≥ßÊ˛∆ÊˇÿØ˲

(2) Á≥ßÊ˛≈ Á≥uÊˇØ˲Ö

(3) –˲$$R͖˲$$TV> C^Û˛a {Á≥ßÊ˛∆ÊˇÿØ˲

(4) Á‹ÖMÛ¸ô˲øÍÁŸ ßÈ”∆> C^Û˛a {Á≥ßÊ˛∆ÊˇÿØ˲

125. ôË˛Õœ¥ÎÀ$ GÖô˲ –˲$$Q≈–˛$OØË˛ß¯ ""–˲*ô˲ñøÍÁŸÃZ A¿gÍqô˲Mʸ–˛$OØ˲ A¿–˲ñ®Æ'' AÖôÛ˛ –˲$$Q≈–˛$OØ˲® A∞

G–˲∆Êˇ$ ^˛¥Îµ∆Êˇ$?

(1) ∆>f«¤ sÍÖyÊ˛Øå˛

(2) ∆>ƒÊ˝$∫∆äˇ≤

(3) –˲$‡ôÈ√ V>Ö´®

(4) —–Û˛M>Ø˲ÖßÊ˛

126. —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀMʸ$ GMʸ$P–˲ Á≥r$tÃÙ˝∞ øÍÁŸÃZ ^Û˛ı‹ ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲

–˲ÀØ˲ C® f∆Êˇ$Vʸ$ô˲$Ö®

(1) –ÈÁ‹¢–˲–˛$OØ˲ BÃZ^˲Ø˲ ›Î´ßÊ˛≈Á≥yÊ˛ßÊ˛$

(2) —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ Á≥»ÑʸÀ MˆÇ˝Mʸ$ AÜ ô˲”∆ÊˇV> ^˲ßÊ˛–˲yÊ˛Ö ÃÙ˝ßÈ ∫sÓ˝tMϸ AÀ–Èr$ Á≥yÊ˛ôÈ∆Êˇ$

(3) —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ ^˲ßÊ˛$–˲#Ú≥O BÁ‹Mϸ¢∞ M¯ÃZµôÈ∆Êˇ$

(4) Ú≥O–˲∞≤ƒÊ˝$$

127. øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ÃZ ""øÍÁŸØ˲$ AÖô˲∆>j°MʸMʸ∆Êˇ◊˝

^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö''ÃZ D AÖ‘Ë˝ÖÃZ {¥Î–˲$$Q≈ô˲Ø˲$ MʸÕW EÖr$Ö®

(1) —Ø˲yÊ˛Ö –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ ∆>ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö

(2) —Ø˲ÖyÊ˛Ö –˲*{ô˲–Û˛$

(3) ^˲ßÊ˛–˲yÊ˛Ö –˲*{ô˲–Û˛$

(4) ∆>ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö –˲*{ô˲–Û˛$

128. øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ÃZ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^Û˛ Á≥uÊˇØ˲ ›Î–˲${WMϸ C® Ú≥ßÊ˛™

Á‹–ÈÀ$V> EÖr$Ö®

(1) ô˲Mʸ$P–˲ Á‹–˲$ƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ GMʸ$P–˲ gÍqØÈ∞≤

AÖ®Ö^˲VʸÕV>Õ

(2) MʸÁŸtô˲∆Êˇ–˛$OØ˲ AÖ‘ÈÀMʸ$ ô˲WØ˲ —–˲∆Êˇ◊˝ EÖyÈÕ

(3) —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À ßÊ˛ñÌŸt, HM>{Vʸô˲ ¥ÎuÊˇÖÚ≥O EÖyÛ˛rr$œV>

^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö

(4) ªZ´®Ö^Û˛ E¥Î´ßÈ≈ƒÊ˝$$ÀMʸ$ Á‹$ÀøÊ˝ô˲∆ÊˇÖV>

EÖyÊ˛rÖ

129. ""ô˛Õ–˛OØ˲ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶À$ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^Û˛ Á≥ßÊ˛gÍÀÖ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$

E^Èe∆Êˇ◊˝ –˲$«Öô˲ ªÍVʸ$ÖsÍ∆ˇ$$.'' A∞ ^˛Ì≥µØ˲®

(1) sÒ˝∆>√Øå˛ ^(Terman)

(2) ÌúÁŸ∆äˇ ^(Fisher)

(3) ôÈÖ∫ ^(Thamba)

(4) Ú≥O–È∆ÊˇÖßÊ˛∆Êˇ$

130. Á≥ßÈÀ A∆>¶ÀØ˲$ Á‹µÁŸtÖV> ^˛ı≥µ BÁ‹Mϸ¢ MʸÖsÙ˝ C®

Eô˲¢–˲$–˛$OØ˲ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ

(1) Á≥ßÈÀØ˲$ —–˲«Ö^˲yÊ˛Ö

(2) ∞Áú$Ör$–˲#Ø˲$ Á≥«÷ÕÖ^˲ÖyÏ˛

(3) BÁ≥ßÈÀØ˲$ –ÈM>≈ÀÃZ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÁ‹$¢, –ÈsÏ˝

A∆>¶∞≤ AÖ^˲ØÈ –Û˛ı‹ A–˲M>‘È∞≤ —ßÈ≈∆Êˇ$¶ÀMʸ$

C–˲”yÊ˛Ö

(4) øÍ⁄Î ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ ßÈ”∆> Á≥ßÈÀ A∆>¶∞≤ Á‹µÁŸtÖ

^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÊ˛Ö

131. –˲$${®ÖÁ≥∫yÏ˛Ø˲ {VÊ¸Ö£Ê˛ Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$Ö ÃÙ˝Mʸ$ÖyÈ, ®”°ƒÊ˝$

øÍÁŸØ˲$ ØÛ˛∆Êˇ$aM¯–˲yÈ∞Mϸ {Mϸ֮ –È∞ÃZ H®

Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$Á≥yÊ˛$ô˲$Ö®?

(1) Á‹Áfl˝f —´ßÈØ˲Ö

(2) øÍÁŸØ˲$ –˲*sÍœyÛ˛ –È«ô¯ EÖyÊ˛yÊ˛Ö

(3) –È≈Mʸ∆Êˇ◊˝Ö AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ

(4) Á≥«Ì‹¶Ü∞ AØ˲$Á‹«Ö^˲yÊ˛Ö

132. ô˲Á≥öV> ^˲ßÊ˛–˲yÊ˛Ö AÀ–Èr$ M>–˲yÈ∞Mϸ C® JMʸ

M>∆Êˇ◊˝Ö

(1) ∫Áfl˝$‚Ê˝ øÍ⁄Î ô˲ô˲¢¸”Ö

(2) ®”øÍ⁄Î ô˲ô˲¢¸”Ö

(3) AÜ ∆Êˇ©™V> EØ˲≤ ô˲∆ÊˇVʸÜ

(4) ^˲ßÊ˛$–˲#ô˲$Ø˲≤Á≥öyÊ˛$ MʸÖsÏ˝Mϸ ∞∆Ûˇ™‘Ë˝ØË˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$yÈ∞Mϸ

–ÈMʸ≈Ö –˛Ö∫yÏ˛ –Û˛À$Ø˲$ °Á‹$Mʸ$¥˘–˲yÊ˛Ö

133. ªZ´ßÊ˛Ø˲ ØÛ˛∆Êˇ$aM¯–˲yÊ˛Ö ßÈ”∆> H∆ÊˇµyÏ˛Ø˲ D Mʸ⁄Ît∞≤

Á≥ßÊ˛gÍqØ˲ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜ ßÈ”∆> Á≥«ÁŸP«ÖÁ≥∫yÊ˛$ô˲$Ö®

(1) –ÈMʸ≈ ∞∆>√◊˝ {Mʸ–˲$ÖÃZ Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$Ö

(2) Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲ E^Èe∆Êˇ◊˝

(3) —–˲∆Êˇ◊˝ÃZ MϸœÁŸtô˲Ø˲$ Ì≥ÀœÀ$ GßÊ˛$∆¯P∆Êˇ$

(4) Ú≥O–˲∞≤ƒÊ˝$$

134. {Mϸ֮ –È∞ÃZ Ø˛OÁ≥#◊˝≈ ÀÑ>¸≈Àô¯ Á‹Ö∫Ö´ßÊ˛Ö ÃÙ˝∞®

(1) Á≥uÊˇØ˲Ö

(2) ÃÙ˝QØ˲Ö

(3) {‘Ë˝–˲◊˝Ö

(4) øÍÁŸÃZ BÁ‹Mϸ¢

135. øÍ⁄Î A¿–˲ñ®Æ∞ {Á≥øÍ—ôË˛Ö ^Û˛ı‹ AÖ‘Ë˝Ö

(1) B∆¯Vʸ≈Ö

(2) ô˛Õ—ôÛ˛rÀ$

(3) –˲≈Mϸ¢Vʸô˲ øÙ˝ßÈÀ$

(4) Ú≥O–˲∞≤ƒÊ˝$$

Á‹*^˲Ø˲À$ : D {MϸÖßÊ˛ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲ AÖ‘È∞≤ ^˲®— ¹³⁶ Ø˲$Ö_

144 –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ –˲#Ø˲≤ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀMʸ$ Á‹∆ˇOØ˲ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ∆>ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛ : {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ¹⁸⁹³ –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ A‘Ë˝”Úú*ÁŸ$yÊ˛$ ªoßÊ˛Æ —ßÈÖÜV>ØÛ˛

Á≥«_ô˲$yÊ˛$ V>∞ Mʸ— M>ßÊ˛$. Aô˲∞ i—ô˲M>ÃÍ∞≤ ∞∆Êˇ~∆ˇ$$Ö^˲yÈ∞Mϸ

∆ˇÖyÊ˛$ {Á≥´ßÈØ˲–˛$OØ˲ B´ßÈ∆>À$ØÈ≤∆ˇ$$. 1. A‘Ë˝”Úú*ÁŸ$∞ M>–˲≈Ö

∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲ ({MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ^414-421) M>ÀÖÃZ, `ØÈ øÍÁŸÃZMϸ

AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$∫yÏ˛Ö®. ´ßÊ˛∆Êˇ√∆ÊˇÑʸ ÃÙ˝Mʸ ´ßÊ˛∆Êˇ√ÑÛ¸–˲$ ÃÙ˝Mʸ ´ßÊ˛∆>√Ñʸ∆Êˇ$yÊ˛ØÛ˛

øÍ∆Êˇ°ƒÊ˝$ Á≥ÖyÏ˛ô˲$yÊ˛$ AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö ^Û˛‘ÈyÊ˛$.

∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲ÃZ ∫$ßÊ˛Æ$∞ i—ô˲ ^˲«{ô˲ Vʸ$«Ö_ ^˛Á≥µ∫yÏ˛Ö®.

CÁ≥öyÊ˛$ Á‹ÖÁ‹P≠ñô˲ øÍÁŸÃZ À¿Ö^Û˛ ∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲ÃZ ¹⁷ Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$ØÈ≤∆ˇ$$. ¹⁷ Á‹∆ÊˇYÀÃZ _–˲« ØÈÀ$Vʸ$ Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$ {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ¹⁹–˲

‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖÃZ A–˲$ñôÈØ˲ÖßÊ˛$∞ ^Û˛ô˲ ∆Êˇ_ÖÁ≥∫yÏ˛Ø˲—. {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ⁵–˲

‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖÃZ ^˛OØÈ øÍÁŸÃZMϸ AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$∫yÏ˛Ø˲ ∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲ÃZ

28 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$ØÈ≤∆ˇ$$. ∫$ßÊ˛Æ$yÊ˛$ ôË˛ÕœVʸ∆Êˇ¬ÖÃZ {Á≥–Û˛’Ö^˲rÖ –˛$$ßÊ˛À$Mˆ∞ Aô˲∞ Á≥ßÊ˛∞∆>√◊˝Ö –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ Mʸ£Ê˛ ^˛Á≥µ∫yÏ˛Ö®.

∫$ßÊ˛$Æ∞ A–˲‘Û˝⁄ÎÀ Mˆ∆ÊˇMʸ$ f«WØ˲ ƒÊ˝$$ßÈÆÀ$, A‘ZMʸ$∞ M>ÀÖÃZ f«WØ˲ ªoßÊ˛Æ –˲$‡Á‹øÊ˝À$ M>–˲≈Ö _–˲∆Êˇ –˲«~ÖÁ≥∫yÈz∆ˇ$$. DÜfiÖVä¸

∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲ ∫ñÁfl˝{ßÊ˛YÖ£Ê˛–˲$∞ ô˛Õ¥ÎyÊ˛$. {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ^7-8 ‘Ë˝ôȪÍÆÀÃZ C® sÏ˝ªÒ˝rt$ øÍÁŸÃZMϸ AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$∫yÏ˛Ö®. ^˛OØÈ sÏ˝ªÒ˝rt$

øÍÁŸÃZœ∞ ∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲Ø˲$ B´ßÈ∆ÊˇÖV> °Á‹$Mˆ∞ Á‹ÖÁ‹P≠ñô˲ÖÃZ EØ˲≤ ∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲Ø˲$ Á‹–˲${VʸÖV> ∆>ƒÊ˝$–˲^˲$a.

A‘Ë˝”Úú*ÁŸ$∞ ô˲∆>”ô˲ ^ÈÃÍM>ÀÖ –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ Á‹ÖÁ‹P≠ñô˲ Mʸ–˲#ÃÒ˝–˲”∆Êˇ$

ô˛ÕƒÊ˝$∆>–˲yÊ˛Ö ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$. AÖsÒ˝ ßÈßÈÁ≥# ⁴⁰⁰ Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆>À$. C∞≤

–˲ÖßÊ˛À Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆>À$ Mʸ–˲#ÃÙ˝ Á≥#rtÃÙ˝ßÊ˛∞, M>–˲≈∆Êˇ^˲Ø˲ f∆ÊˇVʸÃÙ˝ßÊ˛∞

FÌfl˝Ö^˲yÈ∞Mϸ MʸÁŸtÖV> EÖ®. Vʸ$Á≥#¢À ∆>gÍ≈∆ÊˇÖøÊ˝Öô¯ Ìfl˝ÖßÊ˛*

–˲$ô¯ßÊ˛Æ∆Êˇ◊˝, ßÈ∞ô¯ªÍr$ Á‹ÖÁ‹P≠ñô˲ øÍ⁄˘ßÊ˛Æ∆Êˇ◊˝ Mʸ*yÊ˛

f«WØ˲r$œØ˲≤®. A‘Ë˝”Úú*ÁŸ$∞Mϸ –˲$$ÖßÊ˛$ —ßÛ˛÷ƒÊ˝$$ÃÒ˝OØ˲ ‘Ë˝Mʸ$À ßÊ˛ÖyÊ˛ƒÊ˝*{ô˲Àô¯ ›ÎÌfl˝ô˲≈ –˲≈–˲›ÎƒÊ˝$Ö –˛Ø˲$MʸÁ≥rt$ Á≥sÏ˝tÖßÊ˛∞

–˲*Mä¸fi–˲$$Àœ∆äˇ AÖsÍyÊ˛$. Á‹ÖÁ‹P≠ñô˲ øÍÁŸ Vʸ$Á≥#¢À M>ÀÖÃZ Á≥#Ø˲∆Êˇ$ij—ô˲–˛$OÖßÊ˛∞ Aô˲∞ A¿{¥ÎƒÊ˝$Ö. M>„ßÈÁ‹$ Vʸ$Á≥#¢À M>ÀÖ –ÈyÊ˛∞ Ø˲—$√Ø˲ –˲*Mä¸fi–˲$$Àœ∆äˇ Vʸ$Á≥#¢À M>ÀÖ Á‹ÖÁ‹P≠ñô˲ ›ÎÌfl˝ô˲≈

^˲«{ô˲ÃZ Á‹”∆Êˇ~ƒÊ˝$$VʸÖV> øÍ—Ö^ÈyÊ˛$. M>„ßÈÁ‹$Ø˲$ {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ⁶–˲

‘Ë˝ôÈ∫™Ö –ÈyÊ˛∞ –˲*Mä¸fi–˲$$Àœ∆äˇ A¿{¥ÎƒÊ˝$Ö Á‹–˲$ÖfÁ‹ÖV> ÃÙ˝Mʸ$ØÈ≤

Vʸ$Á≥#¢À A´®M>∆Êˇ {¥Î∫ÃÍ≈∞Mϸ –˲$$ÖßÊ˛$ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö —ßÛ˛÷ƒÊ˝$$À ßÊ˛ÖyÊ˛ƒÊ˝*{ô˲Àô¯ ‘ÈÖÜ ›˚RÍ≈À$ ÃÙ˝Mʸ, Ì‹¶∆Êˇ–˛$OØ˲ ∆>kÀ$ ÃÙ˝Mʸ,

›ÎÌfl˝ô˲≈ MʸñÌŸ ªÍV> f∆Êˇ$VʸÃÙ˝ßÛ˛–˛* JMʸ–Û˛‚Ê˝ f«WØ˲ B M>–È≈À$

–˲$Ø˲–˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ ∆>ÃÙ˝ßÛ˛–˛* ^˛Á≥µÃÙ˝–˲$$.

136. ›ÎÌfl˝ô˲≈ –˲≈–˲›ÎƒÊ˝$Ö –˛Ø˲$MʸÁ≥rt$ Á≥sÏ˝tÖßÊ˛∞

^˛Ì≥µÖß˛–˲∆Êˇ$?

(1) –˲*Mä¸fi–˲$$Àœ∆äˇ

(2) M>„ßÈÁ‹$

(3) DÜfiÖVä¸

(4) G–˲∆Êˇ* M>ßÊ˛$

137. ∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲Ø˲$ ∆Êˇ_Ö_Ö®

(1) M>„ßÈÁ‹$

(2) A‘Ë˝”Úú*ÁŸ$yÊ˛$

(3) ∫$ßÊ˛Æ$yÊ˛$

(4) G–˲∆Êˇ* M>ßÊ˛$

138. Á‹ÖÁ‹P≠ñô˲ øÍÁŸÃZ À¿Ö^Û˛ ∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲ÃZ G∞≤

Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$ØÈ≤∆ˇ$$?

(1) 17 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

(2) 4 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

(3) 25 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

(4) 421 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

139. "∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲'ÃZ∞ ¹⁷ Á‹∆ÊˇYÀÃZ _–˲« ØÈÀ$Vʸ$

Á‹∆ÊˇYÀØ˲$ G–˲∆Êˇ$ ∆Êˇ_Ö^È∆Êˇ$?

(1) A–˲$ñôÈØ˲ÖßÊ˛$yÊ˛$

(2) DÜfiÖVä¸

(3) –˲*Mä¸fi–˲$$Àœ∆äˇ

(4) A‘Ë˝”Úú*ÁŸ$yÊ˛$

140. "∫$ßÊ˛Æ^˲«{ô˲' ^˛OØÈ øÍÁŸÃZMϸ H ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖÃZ AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö

^Û˛ƒÊ˝$∫yÏ˛Ö®?

(1) {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ⁵–˲ ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖ

(2) {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ¹⁹–˲ ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖ

(3) {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ^7-8–˲ ‘Ë˝ôȪÍÆÀÃZ

(4) {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ¹⁷–˲ ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖ

141. "∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲'Ø˲$ ∫ñÁfl˝{ßÊ˛YÖ£Ê˛–˲$∞ ô˛ÕÌ≥Ø˲ –˲≈Mϸ¢

(1) DÜfiÖVä¸

(2) –˲*Mä¸fi–˲$$Àœ∆äˇ

(3) ´ßÊ˛∆Êˇ√∆ÊˇÑʸ

(4) ´ßÊ˛∆Êˇ√Ø˲ÖßÊ˛$yÊ˛$

142. "∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲'Ø˲$ sÏ˝ªÒ˝r$t øÍÁŸÃZMϸ H ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖÃZ AØ˲$–˲®ÖÁ≥∫yÏ˛Ö®?

(1) {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ^7-8–˲ ‘Ë˝ôȪÍÆÀ$

(2) {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ^414-421

(3) {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ¹⁹–˲ ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖ

(4) {MÓ¸.‘Ë˝. ⁵–˲ ‘Ë˝ôÈ∫ÆÖ

143. Vʸ$Á≥#¢À M>ÀÖ Á‹ÖÁ‹P≠ñô˲ ›ÎÌfl˝ô˲≈ ^˲«{ô˲ÃZ Á‹”∆Êˇ~ƒÊ˝$$VʸÖV> D {Mϸ֮–È∆Êˇ$ øÍ—Ö^È∆Êˇ$

(1) A‘Ë˝”Úú*ÁŸ$yÊ˛$

(2) A–˲$ñôÈØ˲ÖßÊ˛$yÊ˛$

(3) –˲*Mä¸fi–˲$$Àœ∆äˇ

(4) ´ßÊ˛∆Êˇ√∆ÊˇÑʸ

144. ^˛OØÈ øÍÁŸÃZMϸ AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$∫yÏ˛Ø˲ "∫$ßÊ˛Æ ^˲«{ô˲'ÃZ VʸÀ Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

(1) 28 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

(2) 17 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

(3) 4 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

(4) 29 Á‹∆ÊˇYÀ$

Á‹*^˲Ø˲À$ : D {MϸÖßÊ˛ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲ AÖ‘È∞≤ ^˲®— ¹⁴⁵ Ø˲$Ö_

150 –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ –˲#Ø˲≤ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀMʸ$ Á‹∆ˇOØ˲ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ ∆>ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛ : Á≥∆ÊˇgÍÜ {Á≥øÊ˝$ô˲”–˲$$ÃZ ô˲Ø˲ gÍ°ƒÊ˝$ô˲Ø˲$ M¯ÃZµ∆ˇ$$ ô˛À$Vʸ$

gÍÜ i–˲^˲e–˲–˲$$V> Á≥yÏ˛ EØ˲≤sÏ˝t ô˲∆Êˇ$◊˝–˲$$Ø˲ E߯≈Vʸ–˲$$

∞—$ô˲¢Ö, –˲$Ø˲ ßÛ˛‘È∞Mϸ –˲_a, –˲$Ø˲ øÍ⁄ΖÈ\˝√ƒÊ˝*ÀØ˲$ {ı≥—$Ö_

gÍÜ∞ gÍVʸ∆Êˇ*Mʸ –˛$$Ø˲«Ö_Ø˲–ÈyÊ˛$ Ì‹.Ì≥. {ªoØå˛. Aô˲∞ AÁ‹À$

ı≥∆Êˇ$ ^È∆ˇœã‹ ÌúÕã≥ {ªoØå˛.

MʸÀMʸôÈ¢Mʸ$ ^˛Ö®Ø˲ {M¸ïÁ‹¢–˲ —$ÁŸØ˲» yÛ˛—yä˛ {ªoØå˛Mʸ$ ¹⁷⁹⁸ Ø˲–˲Ö∫∆Êˇ$ ¹⁰–˲ ôÛ˛©Ø˲ Ì‹.Ì≥. {ªoØå˛ f∞√Ö^ÈyÊ˛$. ô˲Ö{yÏ˛

{¥˘ôÈfiÁfl˝Öô¯ _Ø˲≤ØÈr AØÛ˛Mʸ øÍ∆Êˇ°ƒÊ˝$ øÍÁŸÀô¯ {¥Î“◊˝≈Ö

¥˜Ö®, ô˲Ö{yÏ˛ –˲$∆Êˇ◊Ï˝Ö_Ø˲ ô˲∆Êˇ$–Èô˲ ^1812-17 –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ ÀÖyÊ˛Øå˛

—ßÈ≈øÍ≈Á‹Ö Á≥N«¢ ^Û˛Á‹$Mʸ$∞ –˲${ßÈã‹ ^Û˛∆Êˇ$Mʸ$ØÈ≤yÊ˛$. AMʸPyÊ˛

Mʸ‚Í‘ÈÀÃZ ^1817-20 –˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ ’Ñʸ◊˝ Á≥N«¢ ^Û˛Á‹$Mˆ∞, Ì≥–˲$√r MʸyÊ˛Á≥, –˲$^˲ŒÁ≥r≤Ö, ∆>f–˲$Ö{yÏ˛, Vʸ$Ör*∆Êˇ$, _ô˲¢*∆Êˇ$

{¥ÎÖôÈÀÃZ ßÊ˛ÖyÊ˛ØÈ´®M>«V>, B ô˲∆Êˇ$–Èô˲ {Á≥øÊ˝$ô˲” ßÊ˛$øÍÌŸ

(Tel ugu Trans la tor)V>Ø˲$, ¥˘Á‹$t–˲*ÁŸt∆Êˇ$ fØ˲∆ÊˇÃå˝ V>Ø˲$,

—ßÈ≈Á‹ÖÁú$Ö A´®M>« ^{(Se nior Mem ber of the}

Col lege Board) V>Ø˲$ Á≥∞^Û˛Ì‹Ø˲ Cô˲yÊ˛$, ô˛À$Vʸ$ øÍÁŸØ˲$

ØÛ˛∆Êˇ$aMˆ∞, AÖßÊ˛$ÃZ ¥ÎÖyÏ˛ôÈ≈∞≤ Á‹Ö¥Î®Ö_, Á‹”ßÛ˛‘È∞Mϸ Ü«W –˛‚Ù˝Â–Ë˛∆ÊˇMʸ$ ⁽¹⁸⁵⁵⁾ ô˛À$Vʸ$ øÍÁŸ, ›Î∆ÊˇÁ‹”ôÈÀMʸ$ GØ˲ÃÙ˝∞ ı‹–˲

^Û˛‘ÈyÊ˛$. {ªoØå˛ ∞Áú$Ör$–˲#Ø˲$ ∆>‘ÈyÊ˛$. AÖôÛ˛V>Mʸ ^˲Ö߯

–È≈Mʸ∆Êˇ◊˝ {Vʸ֣ÈÀ$, –Û˛–˲$Ø˲ Á≥ßÈ≈À$ AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö ^Û˛‘ÈyÊ˛$.

ô˛À$Vʸ$ÃZ ¥Î‘Èaô˲≈ Á≥«‘Z´ßÊ˛Ø˲ Á≥ßÊ˛Æô˲$ÀMʸ$, {VÊ¸Ö£Ê˛ Á≥«ÁŸP∆Êˇ◊˝

—´ßÈØÈ∞Mϸ Á≥#ØÈ® –Û˛‘ÈyÊ˛$. –˲$*ÀØ˲ Á≥yÏ˛EØ˲≤ ôÈ‚Ê˝Á≥{ô˲ {VÊ¸Ö£Ê˛Ö {Á≥ô˲$ÀØ˲$ ı‹Mʸ«Ö_, Á‹«^˲*_, ¥ÎuÊˇ øÙ˝ßÈÀØ˲$ ∞∆Êˇ~∆ˇ$$Ö_, MʸvØ˲

‘Ë˝ªÍ™ÀMʸ$ —–˲∆Êˇ◊˝Ø˲$ ∆>∆ˇ$$Ö_ –˲$${ßÊ˛◊˝Mʸ$ Ì‹ßÊ˛ÆÖ ^Û˛∆ˇ$$Ö^ÈyÊ˛$.

‘Ë˝ªÍ™∆>¶À$, Á≥ßÊ˛øÍ–ÈÀ Vʸ$«Ö_ Á≥ÖyÏ˛ô˲$ÀÃZ HM>¿{¥ÎƒÊ˝$–˲$$

Mʸ$ßÊ˛∆ÊˇØ˲Á≥#yÊ˛$ –È« A¿{¥ÎƒÊ˝*ÀØ˲∞≤ÖsÏ˝∞ {M¯…Ó˛Mʸ«Ö_ –È≈Q≈ÀÃZ

^Û˛«aÖ^ÈyÊ˛$, Mˆ∞≤ÖsÏ˝Mϸ ôÈØÛ˛ Á‹”ƒÊ˝$ÖV> —–˲∆Êˇ◊˝ ∆>‘ÈyÊ˛$.

{ªoØ˲$Mʸ$ _Ø˲≤ô˲ØË˛Ö Ø˲$ÖyÛ˛ —–˲$∆ÊˇÿØÈ ßÊ˛ñMʸµ£Ê˛Ö AÀ–˲yÏ˛Ö®.

Aô˲yÊ˛$ CÖVʸœÖyÊ˛$ –˛„ÂØ˲Á≥#yÊ˛$ ıŸMä¸fiÌ≥ƒÊ˝$∆äˇ sÒ˝ÖÚ≥ã‹t ØÈrMʸ–˲$$Ø˲ÖßÊ˛$ {y˛y˛Øå˛ ^Û˛Ì‹Ø˲ –˲*∆Êˇ$µÀØ˲$ ^˲*Ì‹, –ÈsÏ˝∞

QÖyÏ˛Ö_, B –˲*∆Êˇ$µÀØ˲$ ôˆÕWÖ^˲$rMʸ$ {Á≥ßÊ˛∆ÊˇÿMʸ$ÀØ˲$

M¯∆ÊˇyÊ˛Öô¯ –È∆Êˇ$ B –˲*∆Êˇ$µÀØ˲$ ^Û˛‘È∆Êˇ$. ô˛À$Vʸ$ øÍ⁄Î

›ÎÌfl˝ôÈ≈ÀÚ≥O Mʸ*yÊ˛ ØÈsÏ˝ BÖVʸœ Á≥{ÜMʸÀÃZ Aô˲yÊ˛$ –È≈›ÎÀ$

∆>‘ÈyÊ˛$. “∆Êˇ‘˝O–˲ ›ÎÌfl˝ô˲≈ÖÚ≥O {–ÈÌ‹Ø˲ –È≈›ÎÀÃZ fÖV>À B^È∆Êˇ –˲≈–˲‡∆>À$, –È« ›ÎÌfl˝ô˲≈Ö Vʸ$«Ö_ ^˲«aÖ^ÈyÊ˛$. ‘˝O–˲ M>–È≈ÀÃZ Ì≥yÊ˛$Á≥«¢ ›˘–˲$ØÈ£Ê˛ Mʸ— "{Á≥øÊ˝$ÕÖVʸ ŒÀÀ$' Eô˲¢–˲$–˛$OØ˲®V>

Aô˲yÊ˛$ øÍ—Ö^ÈyÊ˛$. –Û˛–˲$Ø˲ Á≥ßÈ≈À AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö ^Theverses

of Vemana - 1829, –˲Á‹$ ^˲«{ô˲ sÓ˝Mʸ ¹⁸⁴⁴, ôÈôÈ^È∆Êˇ$≈À Mʸ£Ê˛À$ ¹⁸⁵⁵, ^{The pros ody of}

Tel ugu & San skrit Lan guages 1827ÃZ

∆Êˇ_Ö^ÈyÊ˛$. _–˲∆ÊˇMʸ$ Á‹”ßÛ˛‘È∞Mϸ Ü«W –˛„Â, ÀÖyÊ˛Øå˛

—‘Ë˝”—ßÈ≈ÀƒÊ˝$ÖÃZ ¹⁸⁸⁴ yÏ˛‘Ë˝Ö∫∆Êˇ$ÃZ –˲$∆Êˇ◊Ï˝Ö^ÈyÊ˛$.

145. Ì‹.Ì≥. {ªoØå˛ H Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆ÊˇÖÃZ f∞√Ö^ÈyÊ˛$?

(1) 1812-17 (2) 1817 (3) 1798 (4) 1884

146. –Û˛–˲$Ø˲ Á≥ßÈ≈ÀØ˲$ G–˲∆Êˇ$ AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö ^Û˛‘È∆Êˇ$?

(1) Ì‹.Ì≥. {ªoØå˛

(2) yÛ˛—yä˛ {ªoØå˛

(3) _Ø˲≤ƒÊ˝$ Á‹*«

(4) MÛ¸ô˲Ø˲

147. Ì‹.Ì≥. {ªoØå˛ ""ÀÖyÊ˛Øå˛''Mϸ GÁ≥öyÊ˛$ Ü«W –˛‚ÍÂ∆Êˇ$?

(1) 1798 (2) 1812 (3) 1855 (4) 1817

148. ßÊ˛ÖyÊ˛ØÈ´®M>«V>, —ßÈ≈Á‹ÖÁú$ A´®M>«V> G–˲∆Êˇ$ Á≥∞

^Û˛‘È∆Êˇ$?

(1) yÛ˛—yä˛ {ªoØå˛

(2) Ì‹.Ì≥. {ªoØå˛

(3) –Û˛–˲$Ø˲

(4) G–˲∆Êˇ* M>∆Êˇ$

149. –Û˛–˲$Ø˲ Á≥ßÈ≈À AØ˲$–ÈßÊ˛Ö {ªoØå˛ ^Û˛ô˲ H Á‹Ö–˲ô˲fi∆ÊˇÖÃZ

^Û˛ƒÊ˝$∫yÏ˛Ö®?

(1) 1829 (2) 1844 (3) 1855 (4) 1812

150. ""ıŸMä¸fiÌ≥ƒÊ˝$∆äˇ'' ØÈrMʸƒÒ˝$OØ˲ "sÒ˝ÖÚ≥ã‹t'ÃZ G–˲∆Êˇ$

–˲*∆Êˇ$µÀ$ ^Û˛‘È∆Êˇ$?

(1) yÛ˛—yä˛ {ªoØå˛

(2) Ì‹.Ì≥. {ªoØå˛

(3) Ì≥yÊ˛$Á≥«¢ ›˘–˲$ØÈ£Ê˛ Mʸ—

(4) {y˛y˛Øå˛

SPACE FOR ROUGH WORK

SPACE FOR ROUGH WORK

{Mϸ֮ Á‹*^˲Ø˲ÀØ˲$ gÍ{Vʸô˲¢V> ^˲ßÊ˛–˲ÖyÏ˛ :

1.

——´ßÊ˛ {Á≥‘Ë˝≤ÀMʸ$ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$ GÃÍ ∆>ƒÊ˝*ÀØÛ˛® “$Mʸ$ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲ ∫$Mä¸ÃÒ˝så˝ÃZ —–˲«Ö^˲rÖ f«WÖ®. Á‹–˲*´ßÈØÈÀ$

∆>ƒÊ˝$sÍ∞Mϸ –˲$$ÖßÊ˛$ gÍ{Vʸô˲¢V> ^˲®— ∆>ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛.

2.

{Á≥Ü {Á≥‘Ë˝≤Mʸ$ ØÈÀ$Vʸ$ f–È∫$À$ C–˲”yÊ˛–˛$OØ˲®. AÖßÊ˛$ÃZ Á‹«ƒÒ˝$OØ˲ f–È∫$Ø˲$ GØ˲$≤Mˆ∞

^OMR

f–È∫$ Á≥{ô˲–˲$ÖßÊ˛Õ ı≥i&

²

ÃZ VʸÀ –˲ñôÈ¢ÀÃZ JMʸßÈ∞∞ –˲*{ô˲–Û˛$ Ø˲À$Á≥#/±Õ ªÍÃå&Ú≥Ø˲$≤ô¯ ∞ÖÁ≥ÖyÏ˛. JMʸ›Î« f–È∫$Ø˲$ GØ˲$≤Mˆ∞

–˲ñô˲¢ÖÃZ ∞ÖÌ≥Ø˲^¯ ßÈ∞∞ –˲*∆Êˇ$arMʸ$ “À$ÖyÊ˛ßÊ˛$.

3.

Á≥»Ñ>«¶ f–È∫$ Á≥{ôÈÀØ˲$ –˲$yÊ˛ô˲ Ú≥r$trM>∞, H Cô˲∆Êˇ Vʸ$∆Êˇ$¢À$ Ú≥r$tr M>∞ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$∆>ßÊ˛$. Á≥»Ñ>«¶ ô˲Ø˲ {Mʸ–˲$ Á‹ÖQ≈Ø˲$

MÛ¸sÍ∆ˇ$$Ö_Ø˲ ›Î¶Ø˲ÖÃZ –˲*{ô˲–Û˛$ ∆>ƒÊ˝*Õ. CÖMʸ GMʸPyÈ ∆>ƒÊ˝$Mʸ*yÊ˛ßÊ˛$.

4.

Á≥»Ñ> Á≥#Á‹¢MÊ¸Ö –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ f–È∫$ Á≥{ôÈÀØ˲$ ô˲Vʸ$ gÍ{Vʸô˲¢V> EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^˲ÖyÏ˛. GÖßÊ˛$MʸÖsÙ˝ GsÏ˝t Á≥«Ì‹¶ô˲$ÀÃZØ˲$ (Á≥»Ñ>

Á≥#Á‹¢MÊ¸Ö –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ f–È∫$ Á≥{ô˲ÖÃZ VʸÀ Á‹ÖQ≈ ÃÙ˝ßÈ Á‹ÖMÛ¸ô˲ÖÃZ ôÛ˛yÈ EÖsÙ˝ ô˲Á≥µ) CÖM¯›Î« –˲*«a C–˲”∫yÊ˛ßÊ˛$.

5.

‡f» Á≥{ô˲–˲$$ÃZ VʸÀ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ Á≥»Ñ> Á≥#Á‹¢MʸÖ/f–È∫$ Á≥{ôÈÀÃZ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲ Á‹ÖMÛ¸ôË˛Ö (M¯yä˛) –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ Á‹ÖQ≈ÀØ˲$

Á‹«^˲*Á‹$Mˆ∞ ô˲Á≥ö ÃÙ˝Mʸ$ÖyÈ ∆>ƒÊ˝$ÖyÏ˛.

6.

K G–å˛$ B∆äˇ Á‹–˲*´ßÈØ˲ Á≥{ô˲ÖÃZ∞ M¯y˛yä˛ Á‹–˲*^È∆>∞≤ JMʸ ƒÊ˝$Ö{ôË˛Ö Á≥«÷ÕÁ‹$¢Ö®. AÖßÊ˛$–˲Àœ H Á‹–˲*^È∆>∞≤

AÁ‹–˲${VʸÖV> –˲®Õ –Û˛ƒÊ˝$–˲ßÊ˛$™. AÃÍVÛ¸ B Á‹–˲*^È∆ÊˇÖ AyÏ˛√så˝ M>∆Êˇ$zÃZ C–˲”∫yÏ˛Ø˲ Á‹–˲*^È∆>∞Mϸ ¿Ø˲≤ÖV>

–˲#ÖyÊ˛Mʸ*yÊ˛ßÊ˛$.

7.

Á≥»Ñ>«¶ Á≥»Ñʸ f∆Êˇ$Vʸ$ ‡À$ ÃÙ˝Mʸ Vʸ®ÃZ∞Mϸ, {Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝ Á≥{ô˲–˲$$ ô˲Á≥µ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ H Cô˲∆Êˇ ¥Îu>≈Ö‘ÈÀMʸ$ Á‹Ö∫Ö´®Ö_Ø˲

–˲$${®ô˲ ÃÙ˝ßÈ ^Û˛Ü{–Èô˲ô¯ Mʸ*yÏ˛Ø˲ M>WôÈÀ$, M>Wô˲Á≥# –˲$$MʸPÀ$ ôÛ˛∆>ßÊ˛$. ı≥f∆äˇ, –˛$$ªÒ˝OÃå˝ ∏˘Ø˲$ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ ›ÎÖMÛ¸ÜMʸ

Á≥∆Êˇ–˛$OØ˲ H –˲Á‹$¢–˲#Ø˲* °Á‹$Mˆ∞ –˛‚Ê˝$ÂrMʸ$ –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^˲$rMʸ$ AØ˲$–˲$Ü ÃÙ˝ßÊ˛$.

8.

Á≥»Ñʸ ‡À$/Vʸ®ÀÃZMϸ ∞ıŸ´®Ö^˲∫yÏ˛Ø˲ –˛$$ªÒ˝OÃå˝ ∏˘Ø˲$œ, –˛O∆äˇÃÒ˝ã‹ Á‹–˲*^È∆Êˇ Á≥«Mʸ∆>À$ (A— Ì‹”^å˛&Bãú ^Û˛Ì‹ØÈ Mʸ*yÈ)

°Á‹$Mˆ∞ ∆>Mʸ*yÊ˛ßÊ˛$. ©∞≤ AÜ{Mʸ—$Ö^˲rÖ AØÛ˛® Á≥»ÑʸÃZ A{Mʸ–˲*∞Mϸ ¥ÎÀµyÊ˛rÖV> Á≥«Vʸ◊Ï˝Ö^˲∫yÊ˛$ô˲$Ö®. AÖßÊ˛$Mʸ$

ô˲WØ˲ ^˲∆Êˇ≈ °Á‹$MˆØ˲≤∫yÊ˛$ô˲$Ö®. B ^˲∆Êˇ≈ Á≥»Ñʸ ∆ÊˇßÊ˛$™ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$rÖ Mʸ*yÈ M>–˲^˲$a.

9.

Vʸ® Á≥»Ñ> Á≥∆Êˇ≈–Û˛ÑʸMʸ$yÊ˛$, AØ˲$–˲$Ü {Á≥–Û˛‘Ë˝Á≥{ôÈ∞≤ ^˲*Á≥–˲$Ø˲≤Á≥#yÊ˛$ Á≥»Ñ>«¶ ô˲Á≥µMʸ ^˲*Ì≥Ö^ÈÕ.

10.

MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛ Á≥»Ñ>´ßÈM>« ÃÙ˝ßÈ Á≥»Ñ> Á≥∆Êˇ≈–Û˛ÑʸMʸ$∞ {Á≥ôÛ˛≈Mʸ AØ˲$–˲$Ü ÃÙ˝∞ßÛ˛ Á≥»Ñ>«¶, ô˲Ø˲$ Mʸ*∆Êˇ$aØ˲≤ ^¯r$ Ø˲$ÖyÏ˛

MʸßÊ˛ÀMʸ*yÊ˛ßÊ˛$.

11.

Á≥»Ñ>«¶ f–È∫$ Á≥{ôÈ∞≤ Á≥N«¢^Û˛Ì‹ Vʸ® Á≥»Ñ> Á≥∆Êˇ≈–Û˛ÑʸMʸ$∞Mϸ C_a, ∆ˇÖyÊ˛–˲›Î« ‡f∆Êˇ$ Á≥sÓ˝tÃZ Á‹Öô˲MÊ¸Ö ^Û˛Ì‹Ø˲

ô˲∆Êˇ$–Èô˲ØÛ˛, Á≥»Ñ> Vʸ®∞ —yÏ˛_ –˛‚ÍÂÕ. ∆ˇÖyÊ˛–˲›Î« ‡f∆Êˇ$ Á≥sÓ˝tÃZ Á‹Öô˲MÊ¸Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$Mʸ$ÖyÈ –˛„ÂØ˲, Aô˲yÊ˛$ f–È∫$

Á≥{ôÈ∞≤ C–˲”Ø˲r$œV> øÍ—Ö^˲yÊ˛Ö f∆Êˇ$Vʸ$ô˲$Ö®. ÃÙ˝ßÈ Aô˲yÊ˛$ AØ˲$_ô˲ Á≥ßÊ˛ÆÜÃZ {Á≥–˲«¢Ö_Ø˲r$œV> øÍ—Ö^˲yÊ˛Ö f∆Êˇ$Vʸ$ô˲$Ö®.

12.

GÀ{M>t∞Mä¸/^Û˛Üô¯ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^˲$ M>ÕMʸ$≈ÃÙ˝r∆äˇØ˲$ –ÈyÊ˛$r ∞ıŸ´ßÊ˛Ö.

13.

ªZ∆Êˇ$z —´®Ö_Ø˲ ∞ƒÊ˝$–˲$ ∞∫Ö´ßÊ˛Ø˲ÀMʸ$ AØ˲$–˲#V> Á≥»Ñ>«¶ Á≥»Ñ> Vʸ®ÃZ –˛$ÀVʸ–˲ÀÌ‹ EÖr$Ö®. AØ˲$_ô˲ÖV> –˲«¢Ö_Ø˲

–È«∞ ’ÑϸÖ^˲$ A´®M>∆ÊˇÖ ªZ∆Êˇ$z ∞ƒÊ˝$–˲$ ∞∫Ö´ßÊ˛Ø˲ÀMʸ$ AØ˲$Vʸ$◊˝ÖV> EÖyÊ˛$Ø˲$.

14.

Á≥»Ñ> Á≥#Á‹¢MÊ¸Ö –˲$«ƒÊ˝$$ f–È∫$ Á≥{ôÈÀÃZ∞ VʸÀ H øÍV>±≤ GsÏ˝t Á≥«Ì‹¶ô˲$ÀÃZØ˲* –Û˛∆Êˇ$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$Mʸ*yÊ˛ßÊ˛$.

15.

Á≥»Ñ>«¶ Á≥»Ñʸ Á≥N∆Êˇ¢∆ˇ$$Ø˲ ô˲∆Êˇ$–Èô˲, Vʸ®∞ —yÏ˛_ –˛‚Ê˝$ÂrMʸ$ Á≥N∆Êˇ”Ö f–È∫$ Á≥{ôÈ∞≤ ‡À$/Vʸ® Á≥»Ñ> ∞»Ñʸ◊Í´®M>«Mϸ

ô˲Á≥µMʸ C–È”Õ. Á≥»Ñ>«¶ ô˲Ø˲ô¯ ¥Îr$ D Á≥»Ñ> Á≥#Á‹¢M>∞≤ °Á‹$Mˆ∞ –˛‚Ê˝Â–Ë˛^˲$aØ˲$.