6 Semester VI
CODE COURSE CREDITS
CORE: BTCH-CC-601 Bioprocess & Fermentation Technology 04
DSE BTCH-DSE- 601 Recombinant DNA Technology 02
BTCH-DSE- 602 Animal Biotechnology 02
BTCH- DSE-603 Plant Biotechnology 02
BTCH- DSE-604 Bioinformatics 02
BTCH- DSE-605 Food Technology 02
BTCH- DSE-606 Physical Chemistry II 02
GE GE 601 Any Programme from the Basket of
Zoology VI (Developmental Biology)
Botany VI 04
GE 602 Lab Course Based on GE 601 02
AEC NIL
SEC (Any one course from the choices given below)
SEC 601 Herbal Medicine 02
SEC 602 Apiculture
SEC 603 Aquaculture
TOTAL CREDITS: 24
For Four (04) Credit Course, Examination Marks Shall be divided into:
CIA: 40 ESE: 60
For Two (02) Credit Courses, Examination marks shall be divided into:
CIA: 20 ESE: 30
For B.Sc. Alone: Total Credits: 144
BTCH-CC-601 Bioprocess & Fermentation Technology
Time: 60 hours Credits: 04
UNIT I (Growth kinetics & growth parameters) 15 lectures Introduction to bioprocess technology. Range of bioprocess technology and its chronological development. Microbial culture and its growth kinetics. Growth rate parameters: specific growth rate, doubling time, validity of exponential growth, validity of exponential growth law; growth yield, metabolic quotient.
UNIT II (Types of Cultures) 15 lectures
Batch, Fedbatch and Continuous culture. Open and closed system, growth phases, and mathematical model of simple batch culture. Chemostat - its elaborations (Turbidostat & pH stat). Product formation in microbial cultures: Growth associated and non-growth-
associated kinetics, factors affecting product formation.
UNIT III (Bioreactors) 15 lectures
Design of bioreactors/fermenter vessels - significance of Impeller, Baffles, Sparger; Types of culture/production vessels - Airlift; Cyclone Column; Packed Tower and their application in production processes. Principles of upstream processing – Media preparation, Inocula development and sterilization.
UNIT IV (Down-stream processing) 15 lectures
Introduction to downstream processing, Cell Disruption Techniques, product recovery and purification. Membrane Processes: Ultra filtration, reverse osmosis, Liquid membranes.
Microbial production of ethanol, amylase, lactic acid and Single Cell Proteins.
Suggested Reading:
1. L.E.J.R. Casida (2016). Industrial Microbiology. New Age International Private Limited 2. Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of Industrial
Microbiology. 2nd edition. Panima Publishing Co. New Delhi.
3. Patel AH. (2016). Industrial Microbiology. LAXMI PUBLICATIONS-NEW DELHI 4. Michael L. Shuler / Fikret Kargi (2015)Bioprocess Engineering Pearson Education
India
5. Stanbury PF, Whitaker A and Hall SJ. (2006). Principles of Fermentation Technology.
2ndedition, Elsevier Science Ltd.
6. Pauline M. Doran (2012) Bioprocess Engineering Principles Elsevier
BTCH-DSE- 601 Recombinant DNA Technology
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
UNIT I (Tools of genetic engineering) 7 lectures
Restriction modification systems: Types and Nomenclature, restriction maps. DNA modifying enzymes and their Applications like, Klenow enzyme, T4 DNA polymerase, Polynucleotide kinase, Phospahatses, Reverse Transcriptase, Exonucleases, Endonuleases, Ligases.
Cohesive and blunt end ligation - linkers and adaptors. Nick translation, Random priming, Radioactive and non-radioactive probes.
UNIT II (Vectors) 8 lectures
Vectors- Types, Definition and Properties. Plasmid vectors: pBR 322, pUC19, lac, T7 promoter vectors, Complementation (blue-white screening). Bacteriophage vectors : Insertion and replacement vectors, Cosmids, M13 Vectors, Yeast expression vectors (YEP &
YIP). Shuttle vectors, artificial chromosome vectors: YAC and BAC.
UNIT III (Genetic Engineering Techniques) 7 lectures
Polymerase chain reaction – Principle, types and applications. Properties of primers. DNA pols used for PCR (high fidelity DNA pol), Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Real time/quantitative PCR. TA Cloning. DNA sequencing (Maxum-Gilbert, Sanger & pyro- sequencing). Site directed mutagenesis (primer extension, PCR and cassette mutagenesis).
Yeast two-hybrid system.
UNIT IV (Gene transfer/libraries/applications) 8 lectures Different methods/approaches of transfer of DNA (Transformation, electroporation, microinjection) into cells (Bacterial, animal and plant cells).
Genomic and cDNA libraries. Chromosome walking and Jumping. Therapeutic products produced by genetic engineering-blood proteins, human hormones, immune modulators and vaccines (one example each).
Suggested Reading:
1. Brown TA (2016) Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell 2. Christopher Howe (2007) Gene Cloning and Manipulation Cambridge University
Press;
3. Primrose SB, Twymann R and Old B (2001) Principles of Gene Manipulation, Wiley- Blackwell
4. Reece J Richard (2003) Analysis of Genes and Genomes, Wiley-Blackwell 5. Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. (2009). Molecular biotechnology- Principles and
applications of recombinant DNA. IV Edition. ASM press, Washington, USA.
6. Griffiths, A.J.F., J.H. Miller, Suzuki, D.T., Lewontin, R.C. and Gelbart, W.M. (2009). An introduction to genetic analysis. IX Edition. Freeman & Co., N.Y., USA.
7. Michael R. Green, Joseph Sambrook (2012) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,U.S
DSE (Discipline Centric Elective)
BTCH-DSE- 602 Animal Biotechnology
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
UNIT I (Animal cell culture) 7 lectures
Introduction of animal cell culture. substrate, culture media, preservation and maintenance of cell lines. Laboratory Facilities for Cell and Tissue Culture. Primary cell Culture and Cell Lines. Potential Applications of cell culture.
UNIT II (Gene transfer & Transgenic animals) 8 lectures Gene transfer methods in Animals – Microinjection, Embryonic Stem cell, gene transfer, Retrovirus & Gene transfer. Introduction to transgenic animals – Mice, Cow, Pig, Sheep, Goat, Bird, Insect.
UNIT III (Methods of Animal Propagation) 7 lectures
Animal propagation – Artificial insemination, Animal Clones. Conservation Biology – Embryo transfer techniques. Introduction to Stem Cell Technology and its applications.
UNIT IV (Applications) 8 lectures
Genetic modification in Medicine - gene therapy, types of gene therapy, success stories and ethical issues. Human genetic engineering, problems & ethics. Monoclonal Antibody
production (Hybridoma Technology).
Suggested Reading
1. Brown TA (2016) Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction, Wiley-Blackwell 2. Butler, M. (2004). Animal cell culture and technology: The basics. II Edition. Bios
scientific publishers.
3. Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J. (2009). Molecular biotechnology- Principles and applications of recombinant DNA. IV Edition. ASM press, Washington, USA.
4. Griffiths, A.J.F., J.H. Miller, Suzuki, D.T., Lewontin, R.C. and Gelbart, W.M. (2009). An introduction to genetic analysis. IX Edition. Freeman & Co., N.Y., USA.
5. Watson, J.D., Myers, R.M., Caudy, A. and Witkowski, J.K. (2006). Recombinant DNA genes and genomes- A short course. III Edition. Freeman and Co., N.Y., USA.
6. Primrose SB, Twymann R and Old B (2001) Principles of Gene Manipulation, Wiley- Blackwell
7. R. Ian Freshney (2016) Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications, Wiley-Blackwell
BTCH-DSE- 603 Plant Biotechnology
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
UNIT I (plant cell & tissue culture) 8 lectures
Introduction, Types of culture: Seed, Embryo, Callus, Organs, Cell and Protoplast culture.
Micropopagation Axillary bud proliferation, Meristem and shoot tip culture, cud culture, organogenesis, embryogenesis, advantages and disadvantages of micropropagation. Embryo culture, embryo rescue after wide hybridization, and its applications, Endosperm culture.
UNIT II (Protoplast, hybrid and somaclonal variations) 7 lectures Protoplast Isolation and fusion: Methods of protoplast isolation, Protoplast development, Somatic hybridization, identification and selection of hybrid cells, Cybrids. Smaclonal variation, applications and disadvantages.
UNIT III (In vitro haploid production) 8 lectures
In vitro haploid production Androgenic methods: Anther culture, Microspore culture andogenesis Significance, applications and use of haploids. Ploidy level and chromosome doubling, diplodization, Chromosome elimination techniques for production of haploids in cereals.
UNIT IV (Genetic engineering in plants) 7 lectures
Genetic engineering in plants: Use of protoplasts and tissue culture,Agrobacterium
tumefaciensandA. rhizogenes,Tiplasmids, Strategies for gene transfer to plant cells, Direct DNA transfer to plants, Gene targeting in plants, Practical application of genetic
transformation (Transgenic plants-examples)
Suggested Reading:
1. Razdan M K (2005) Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture, Oxford & Ibh.
2. K. V. Peter, R. Keshavachandran (2008) Plant Biotechnology: Methods in Tissue Culture and Gene Transfer, Universities Press.
3. H S Chawla (2009) Introduction to Plant Biotechnology, CRC Press.
4. Jakob Reinert, Yashpal S. Bajaj (2013) Applied and Fundamental Aspects of Plant Cell, Tissue, and Organ Culture, Springer.
DSE (Discipline Centric Elective)
BTCH- DSE-604 Bioinformatics
Time: 30 Hours Credits: 02
UNIT I (Introduction)
Introduction to Bioinformatics, scope of bioinformatics - genomics, proteomics, computer aided drug design (brief idea of structure based and ligand based approaches).
UNIT II (Databases)
Introduction to biological databases. Nucleic acid databases (NCBI, GenBank, EMBL, NDB), protein databases (PIR, Swiss-Prot, PDB). Introduction to PubMed.
UNIT III (Sequence homology)
Similarity, identity and homology. Alignment – local and global alignment, pairwise and multiple sequence alignments, amino acid substitution matrices, BLAST, FASTA and CLUSTALW. Basic idea of phylogenetic tree.
UNIT IV (Protein structure Analysis)
Protein structure analysis: primary structure analysis (protparam), secondary structure predictions (ExPASy – GOR) tertiary structure prediction method – homology Modeling (SWISS MODEL, BHAGEERATH), brief idea of Ramachandran map (PROCHECK) and its significance.
Suggested Reading
1. Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis (2001), 1st ed., Mount, D.W. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (New York),
2. Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics (2003), 1st ed., Pevsner, J., John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. (New Jersey),
3. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins (2005), 3rd ed., Baxevanis, A.D. and Ouellette, B.F., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (New Jersey), 4. Bioinformatics – Principles and Applications (2008), 1st ed. Ghosh, Z. and Mallick, B.,
Oxford University Press (India),
5. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics (2006) 2nd Edition, Benjamin Cummings.
BTCH-DSE-605 Food Technology
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
Unit I (Food Microbiology) 7 lectures
Microbiology of food, water, meat, poultry, milk, vegetables Spoilage and Preservation.
Technology - canning, dehydration, ultrafiltration, sterilization, irradiation etc. Major food born infections and intoxications.
UNIT II (Food Production Technology) 8 lectures
Single cell proteins (SCPs). Medical foods, Probiotics and Health benefits of fermented milk and food products. Fermentative production of food, Brewing, malting, mashing, hops, primary and secondary fermentation. Pickling and alcoholic beverages.
UNIT III (Quality Control) 8 lectures
Food quality and control Analysis of food, major ingredients present in different products, Food additives - colour, flavour, vitamins. Microbial safety of food products. Chemical safety of food products, heavy metal, fungal toxins, pesticide and herbicide contamination.
UNIT IV (Food standards) 7 lectures
Food standards and Specifications: Compulsory and voluntary trade and Company
standards. Consumer Protection Act (1986), AgMark, BIS, US, Canadian, EU, ISO and Codex Food Standards, Export Quality Control and Inspection act (1963)
Suggested Reading
1. Michael J. Pelezar, J.R.E.C.S Chan, Noel R. Erieg,(2005), Microbiology (5thEd) TATA McGraw Hill.
1. James M. Jay (1993). Modern Food Microbiology (4th Ed). CBS Publishers Delhi.
2. W. C. Frazier & D.C. Westhoffs, (1993). "Food Microbiology” (4th Ed) TMH.
3. G. Reed, Prescott and Dunn’s Microbiology,(1987) 4. Desrosier, Technology of food preservation, CBS Publishers.
DSE (Discipline Centric Elective)
BTCH-DSE-606 Physical Chemistry II
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
Unit I: Thermodynamics-I 8 lectures
Thermodynamic functions:State and path functions and their differentials. Thermodynamic processes. Concept of heat and work.
First Laws of thermodynamics:Enthalpy, Relationship between Cp and Cv. Expansion of ideal and non-ideal gases under isothermal and adiabatic conditions.
Second law of thermodynamics:Limitations of the first law, Need for the second law, Concept of entropy, entropy as a function of P, V & T. Entropy as criteria for spontaneity and equilibrium.
Physical significance of entropy.
Unit II: Thermodynamics II 8 lectures
Third law of thermodynamics:Work and free energy functions. Variations of free energy change with T and P. Maxwell Relations. Gibbs-Helmholtz equation. Partial molar properties, chemical potential, variation of chemical potential with T and P. Gibbs-Duhem equation.
Criteria for equilibrium and spontaneous processes. Clausius-Clapeyron equation -its applications.
Fugacity and activity. Nernst heat theorem and third law of thermodynamics- statement only.
Residual entropy.
Unit III: Electrochemistry-I 8 lectures
Migration of ions and Kohlrausch’s law, Arrhenius theory of electrolyte dissociation and its limitations. Debye-Huckel-Onsager's equation for strong electrolytes. Ionic strength, Transport number (brief idea). Application of conductivity measurements: determination of degree of dissociation and dissociation constants of acids. Solubility product of a sparingly soluble salt.
Unit IV: Electrochemistry-II 8 lectures
Types of reversible electrodes. Standard hydrogen electrode, glass electrode, reference electrodes (calomel, Ag/AgCl). Electrode reactions, Nernst equation and cell E.M.F. Electrochemical series and its significance.Liquid junction potential. Solubility product and activity coefficient. Polarography.
Books Recommended:
1. TheElements of Physical Chemistry; P. W. Atkins; Oxford.
2.Physical Chemistry; G. M. Barrow; McGraw-Hill; International Student edition.
3.Physical Chemistry; R. A. Alberty,;Wiley, Eastern Ltd.
4.Essentials of Physical ChemistryVols III & IV; K. L. Kapoor ;Macmillan India Ltd.
5.Principals of Physical Chemistry; Puri, Sharma and Pathania ; S. Nagin Chand &Co.
6.Physical Chemistry through Problems; S. K. Dogra ; Wiley Eastern Ltd.
7.University general Chemistry; C. N. R. Rao; MacMillan.
8. Atkins, P. W. & Paula, J. deAtkin’s Physical Chemistry8th Ed., Oxford University Press.
9. Castellan, G. W.Physical Chemistry4th Ed. Narosa (2004).
10. Engel, T. & Reid, P.Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & KineticsPearson Education, Inc: New Delhi (2007).
11. McQuarrie, D. A. & Simon, J. D. Molecular Thermodynamics Viva Books Pvt. Ltd.: New Delhi (2004).
Time: 30 hours Credits: 04
Unit I: Reproductive organs & their regulation 15 lectures Brief introduction of male and female reproductive organs in human. Gonadal Hormones.
Regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in male and female. Corpus luteumb formation and regression ; Reproductive cycles (rats and human) and their regulations.
Unit II: Early embryonic development 15 lectures
Early embryonic development:- Gametogenesis, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis: Types of eggs, Fertilization; Changes in gametes, Planes and pattern of cleavage; Early development of frog and chick upto gastrulation. Fate maps; Embryonic induction and Organizers.
Unit III: Late embryonic development/Regeneration 15 lectures Late Embyonic development:- Fate of germ layers; Extra embryonic membranes in birds;
Implantation of embyo in humans; Placenta (structure,types and functions); Post Embryonic development: Metamorphosis: changes, hormonal regulation in amphibians.
Regeneration: Modes of regeneration (epimorphosis and morphallaxis)
Unit IV: Teratogenesis & IVF 15 lectures
Implication of developmental Biology: Teratogenesis- teratogenic agents and their effects on embyonic development. In-vitro fertilization, stem cell culture, amniocentesis.
SUGGESTED READINGS
1. Gilbert, S.F. (2010). Developmental Biology, IX Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts (USA)
2. Balinsky, B.I. and Fabian, B.C. (1981). An Introduction to Embryology, V Edition, International Thompson Computer Press.
3. Kalthoff (2008). Analysis of Biological Development, II Edition. McGraw-Hill Pub.
4. Lewis Wolpert (2002). Principles of Development. II Edition, Oxford Univ. Press.
BTCH- GE-602 Lab course based on GE-601
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
1. Study of Gametogenesis through models/charts.
2. Study of Reproductive organs in frogs/insects.
3. Study of the structure of hens/Bird Egg.
4. Study through permanent slides the early embryonic development in frog/Chicken.
5. Study of metamorphosis changes in frog 6. Any other practical found feasible by teacher.
BTCH-CC-402 Public Health & Hygiene
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
Unit I: Public Health and Hygiene 7 lectures
Scope of Public health and Hygiene- nutrition and health- classification of food-Nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin deficiencies.
Unit II: Environment & Health Hazards 7 lectures
Environment and health hazards- Environmental degradation- Pollution and associated health hazards. Impact of non-biodegradable material.
Unit III: Communicable diseases 8 lectures
Communicable diseases and their control measures such as Measels, Polio,Chikungunya, Rabies, Plague, Leprosy and AIDS.
Unit IV: Non-Communicable diseases 8 lectures
Non- Communicable diseases and their preventive measures such as Hypertension, Coronary Heart diseases, Stroke, Diabetes, Obesity and Mental ill health.
Suggested Readings
1. Lal Adarsh Pankaj Sunder 2011(3rd Ed.) Text book of Community medicine:
Preventive and Social Medicine . CBS Publishers and Distributors.
2. Park (2005) Park Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine (Part PSM), Bhanot.
3. Mahajan and Gupta (2013) Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jaypee Brothers.
BTCH-CC-601 Herbal Medicine
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
Unit I Concept and prospects of Herbal Medicine 7 lectures History of traditional herbal medicines, role of herbal medicine in traditional healing. Status of herbal medicine in India, efficacy of herbal medicines. Future prospects of herbal
medicine.
Unit II Herbal Preparations 7 lectures
Enextracted herb forms: extracted herbs and herb products. Tincture strength, Decoctions, essential oils, herb vinegar, ointments. Preparations of homeopathic and Batch flower medicine dilutions. Herbal tea(s).
Unit III Common medicinal plants of India 8 lectures
Fruit – Amla, Bulb – Garlic, Rhizome – Ginger, seed – castor, flex Bark – Cinchona, Leaves – Neem, mint and Flower – Clove,Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri)
Unit IV Some useful plants in modern medicine 8 lectures
Health benefits and usesof Catharanthus roseus, Saussurea costus , Arnebia benthami , Fritillaria roylei, Tribulus terrestris, Aconitum heterophyllum , Digitalis purpurea, Indigofera heterantha, Atropa acuminate, Withania somnifera,Aloe vera, Ocimum sanctum.
Suggested Readings:
1. Panda H (2004) Handbook of Herbal Medicine.
2. Panda H (2004) Handbook of Herbal Drugs and its plant sources.
3. Schulz V., Hansel R and Tyler V (1998) Rational Phytotherapy. A physicians guide to Herbal medicine, Berlin, Springer.
4. Khare, C.P (2004) Indian Herbal remedies-Rational Western therapy, Ayurvedic and other usage, Botany, Springer.
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
Unit 1: Introduction to Apiculture 7 lectures
Importance and History; Biology and classification of honey bee species. Social organization in honey bees. Different species of honey bees used in honey production. Dances (Round Dance & Wag Tail Dance). Structure of pollenbasket and sting apparatus.
Unit II: Methods of Bee keeping 7 lectures
Bee hive structure and temperature regulation. Methods of bee keeping- Indigenous methods of extraction of honey. Modern methods of Apiculture. Bee flora and qualities of good bee flora.-selection of bees for Apiculture.
UNIT III: Products of Honey Bee/ Honey bee Diseases & Enemies 8 lectures Honey (mechanism, chemical composition and medicinal value). Economic importance of bee wax, Bee Venom (chemical composition and its pathology). Honey bee Diseases and their control . Bee Enemies and their control.
Unit IV: Principles of Bee management 8 lectures
Spring Management (swarming and control); Summer Management (extraction of honey);
Monsoon and Autumn management; Winter management; Miscellaneous management (Dividing, Uniting & shifting bee colonies, Robbing and absconding, supplementary feeding and Queen management.
Suggested Readings
1. Prost, P.J. (1962). Apiculture. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
2. Sardar Singh, Beekeeping in India. ICAR, New Delhi.
3. Dhyan Singh Bisht, Apiculture. ICAR Publication.
4. Mishra R.C. (1995) Honey bees and their management in India. ICAR Publication, NewDelhi.
5. Gupta, J.K., Sharma, H K and Thakur, R K. 2009. Practical Manual on Beekeeping.
Department of Entomology and Apiculture.
6. Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, p 83.
BTCH-CC-603 Aquaculture
Time: 30 hours Credits: 02
Unit I: Principles of Aquaculture 8 lectures
Basics of aquaculture, definition and scope. History of aquaculture. Systems of aquaculture- pond culture and running water culture. Monoculture, Polyculture and Integrated culture system.
Unit II : Freshwater Aquaculture 8 lectures
Freshwater Aquaculture resources- ponds and lakes. Control of aquatic weeds and Algal blooms. Water quality management. Culture to Carp, prawn and mussels- brief general account.
Unit III: Ornamental fish production 7 lectures
World trade of ornamental fish and its export potential. Different varieties of exotic and indigenous fishes. Principle of balanced aquarium, setting up and maintenance of fresh water aquarium.
Unit IV: Costal aquaculture 7 lectures
An overview of sea farming and shore based aquarium. Introduction to culture of shellfish.
General account of Pearl culture its requirements, methods and uses. Resources for shore- based aquaculture and sea farming in India.
Suggested Reading:
1. N Arumugam (2014) Aquaculture and Fisheries, Saras Publication.
2. B. Ahilian (2011) Intergrated Aquaculture, Daya Publishing House.
3. R. K. Rath (2011) Freshwater Aquaculture, Scientific Publishers Journals.
4. Kenn Christenson (2015) Aquaculture: Introduction to Aquaculture For Small Farmers, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
5. R. Ram Prabhu Jayasurya, N Arumugam, S. Leelavathy, N. Soundara Pandian, T.
Murugan, A.Thangamani, S. Prasannakumar, L.M. Narayanan, J. Johnson Rajeshwar N.C. Nair (2013) Economic Zoology, Saras Publication.
