SRI SYSTEM SHOWED BETTER YIELDING
RESULTS THAN BROAD-CASTING SYSTEM AMONG THE DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF RICE AT WEST
BENGAL REGION
Ms. Anugrah Sonwani
1, Dr. Amit Kumar Dutta
21,2School of Biological and Chemical Sciences,MATS University, Raipur- Pandri Campus
ABSTRACT
Rice is the staple food more than half of the world population and more than 80% of the global production and consumption of rice in Asia, SRI (System of Rice Intecification) is one of the best method to cultivation of crop in a 35 years ago In India and including other countries, India second rank in production of rice than china but in according to area first in rank(45,1million hat), SRI technique adopted in 1980’s in Madagascar. In this technique achieve a result better than traditional cultivation of rice, water requirement is less and giving a proper space for the growth and development of root. There are no competition between plants for the food, nutritional, aeration, the rice verity MTU1010 & IR36 were selected for cultivation in SRI technique & Broad Casting Techniques and notable findings was the increase in root volume, Less in seed rate and Less in water requirement by respectively 30% to 70%. The results were achieving 40 to 45 hectare/acre in this method, less chaffy grain and also it’s improving both soil texture and quality. SRI system provided better productivity on large root volume, strong tillers, more grain weight, higher grain panicles. This SRI Technique is very beneficial for the economically and it will save the time because it’s very early productive by achieving less cost of cultivation than other cropping system.
Keywords: Certified Seed, SRI Technique, Bed Preparation, Transplanting, Harvesting, Data Analysis
I. INTRODUCTION
India is the second most production country of Oryzae sativa than China which is the first), but in area India is the first rank. It lies in the northern hemisphere between 37’6N and 8’4’N parallels of latitude and between 68’7 E and 97’25E meridians of longitude and is a part of Asian continent.
Photograph No. 1 & 2 Showing the Rice Plant of MTU1010 and IR36 Varieties
In India, half of the more people are engaged in agriculture about 141.42 million hectares, just above 43.45% of the total Geographical area of the Country is under cultivation. Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryzae sativa (Asian Rice) or Oryza glaberrima(African Rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia. It is the grain with the second-highest worldwide production after corn, according to data for 2010.[1] Since a large portion of maize crops are grown for purposes other than human consumption, Rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.[2] Genetic evidence has shown that rice originates from a single domestication in 8,200–13,500 years ago on the Pearl River Valley region of China.[3] Previously, Archaeological evidence had suggested that Rice was domesticated in the Yangtze River Valley region in China.[4] From East Asia, Rice spread to Southeast and South Asia. Rice was introduced to Europe through Western Asia and to the Americas through European colonization. There are many varieties of rice and culinary preferences tend to vary regionally. In some areas such as the Far East or Spain, there is a preference for softer and stickier varieties.[5-8]
II. TAXONOMY
Origin : South-East Asia Family : Poaceae
Genus : Oryzae Species : sativa
Common Name : Rice, Paddy
Scientific Name : Oryzae sativa
More of the people cultivated crop in System of Rice Intensification (SRI) system with less requirement of water quantity, seed rate, different fertilizer costs but the number of tillers and grain panicle should be higher and SRI Technology is adopted not only in India but also other country and they achieve more production in this technique.[9]
Photograph No. 3 & 4 Showing the Rice Plant Transplantation of MTU1010 and IR36 Varieties
III. SRI TECHNIQUE
The System of Rice Intensification was first developed in Madagaskar in 1980’s. Rice is not a aquatic plant Rice plant lot of energy to develop parenchyma tissue by flowering period due to water logging condition, it’s require about half water compare to traditional rice cultivation. SRI System mainly emphasis on utilizing early
growth of seedling, less competition of light, air, water, fertilizer and so on. [10-11] Optimum and proper condition are available for the root growth and also increased soil microbial activity at the research plot area.
IV. MATERIALS & METHODS 4.1 Selection of Field
Rice is short day plant and it requires relatively high temperature ranging between 25°C and 35°C for optimum growth. The Cultivation Field should be ploughed with soil turning plough and added implement for mechanical manipulation to prepare seed bed.
4.2 Raising Nursery
4.2.1 Sources of SeedName of Variety Primary Source Secondary Source
MTU1010 Mother Plant Seed Bank, Chhattisgarh
IR36 IRRI, Philippine R and D Unit, Pallishree
4.3 Selection of Site for Nursery
In SRI Method, Preparation of nursery bed should be 8-12 days old seedling as well as 2-3 leafs are transplanted. For the easy way, Nursery Bed should be preferable prepared in centre of the plot. The requirement for the seed of one acre transplantation bed that arises upto 40 sq-m for the 2 kg seeds. The ideal width and length depend on ground situation. For our Comparative study we selected healthy seed and good nursery bed preparation. Applied a layer of manure spread sprouted seed in bed which cover with manure. 2kg seed is required to transplant in 1 acres of land and seed treatment was done by applying Bavestine, Triychoderma and Streptocycline respectively 2:3:1 gm/Kg seed.[1,12]
4.4 Method of Transplantation
Field should be well ploughed and labeled, after labeling marker already used to layout the plot into wide spacing 25X25 cm row to row and plot to plot with help of marking. 8-12 days old Rice seedling at-least 2-3 leaf is considered to be transplanting as compare to 25-30 days old seedling in traditional method. In this stage, Plant achieves more tillering potentiality and more growth potentiality.
4.5 Nutrient Management
Organic manure and Vermi-composed are recommended in SRI method & Broad-casting methods. They give better result and response in soil health after applying this type of nutrients. Farm yard manure and Vermi- composed were before plugging and 30- 60 days old green manure crops are beneficial for the best nutrient management.
Photograph No. 5 & 6 Showing the Healthy Rice Plant of MTU1010 and IR36 Varieties before Weed Management
4.6 Irrigation, Weed management and Rouging
In SRI method, there is no continuous flooding is required. Applied irrigation only for the maintenance of moisture in soil and to maintain their texture that provides a proper space for root growth. The unwanted plants should have to be removed into the field. We applied and use simple rotating hoe to churns up soil. First weeding already did 10 days after plaguing and 4 weeding before panicle initiation stage to get more root growth and beneficial micro organisms. The unwanted off Types of plants are removed on basis of size, shape, colour etc.
4.7 Paste and Diseases Management
In SRI Technique, we were not used of pesticide, chemicals, and herbicide. We only used Organic Composition and for the treatment of disease we used Amrit Jalam as Bio-Organic for the better healthy seed yield.[13]
4.8 Harvesting
The matured grain was looking green in colour and the turned to become pale yellow in colour.
Photograph No. 7 & 8 Showing the Healthy Rice Plant of MTU1010 and IR36 Varieties during the Maturity Stage
4.9 Processing
The mature seed was firstly threshed with the help of thresher in the floor. Manually also it is preferable. In our comparative study we basically followed the manual process for harvesting depending on the priority basis and after that seeds were dried. Then the seeds are removed on the basis of physical impurities. Finally grinding process were done and then packed.
V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results are better achieving than traditional cultivation and well root developed with long tillers and number of grain is higher.
TABLE:-1
Varietyof Rice
Sowing Methods of Production of
Rice
Date of Sowing
Date of Harvesting
Area of land (Ha.)
Plant Heigh
t (Cm.)
Total Tillerin
g (no.)
Panicle Length (cm)
Filed Grain Spike (no.)
Total Production
(kg)
Seed Yield (Kg/h)
MTU101 0
SRI 28/2/14 22/05/14 0.01 85.2 20 24.0 177 67.3 6734
Broadcast 30/2/14 28/05/14 0.01 72.0 15 22 140 53.2 5322
IR36 SRI 28/2/14 22/05/14 0.01 75 14.5 21.3 123 50.6 5067
Broadcast 30/2/14 28/05/14 0.01 62.0 9 16.3 99 41.2 4098
Table 1: Table showing the comparative Sowing Methods of Production of Rice of two Different Varieties These two varieties were cultivated in different methods viz. SRI Method and Broad-casting method. The Statistical Data of Growth and Developing stages of both varieties were mentioned in the above mentioned table followed by Graphical representation. All the varieties(MTU1010 and IR36) were sown in 0.01 Hectare Areas.
The Plant heights of MTU1010 are 85.2cm in SRI methods and 72.0 cm in Broad-casting Methods.
The Plant Height s of IR36 is 75cm in SRI Methods and 62.0 cm in Broad-casting Methods. Likewise the total tillering was 20/Plant & 15/Plant and 14/Plant 9/Plant. Panicle length of MTU1010 in SRI Methods was 24.0cm and 22cm in Broad-casting Methods and in IR36 variety it was also noted that 21.3cm and 16.3cm respectively. The Filled grain spike number was 177/Plant in SRI methods and 140/Plant in Broad-casting methods of MTU1010 varieties similarly 123/Plant & 99/Plant on IR36 varieties.
The Overall Production rates of MTU1010 were 67.3 kg in SRI methods and 53.2 kg in Broad-casting methods and in IR36 it was 50.6 kg & 41.2 kg respectively. The data showed that MTU1010 variety gave higher production than IR36 variety. Total seed yield were MTU1010 6734kg in SRI methods & 5322kg in Broad- casting methods but on the other hand in IR36 varieties 5067kg in SRI methods & 4098kg in Broad-casting methods respectively.
VI. CONCLUSION
According to our study, SRI Technique is very economic beneficial and this technique save the time because it is very early productive techniques. This system was less cost effective than other Cropping system. The requirements of water are less because in SRI Technique, water only used for the maintaining of moisture into the field. Another one important aspects was no need of use of pesticides, chemicals and fertilizers for their nutritional requirement. So for the supply of nutritional requirements, we only used Green Manure, Farm Yard Manures, Cow Dung and other types of organic component. To achieve best result is very impressive; SRI system has showed good result in phenomenal increase in grain yield. As regards to seed production utilizing both Systems, it was observed that there was no difficulty in maintenance of SRI System under study. But in case of production of hybrid seeds, we had faced problems to some extent in bringing peak flowering of both parents at a time (i.e. synchronization in flowering) which was mainly due to 12-15 days longer period of crop duration of the restorer line. As regards to yield potentiality, it was noticed that though it recorded as compared to popular inbred check. The data showed that MTU1010 variety gave higher production than IR36 variety.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thanks towards the Director’s of Pallishree Research Farm, Arambagh(WB) for giving us permission & providing us Research Materials to carry out research in the MATS School of Biological &
Chemical Sciences, Raipur. Our deep gratitude to the Farmers and the workers for their all time support and the positive response during the tenure of our Research Production Period. We are also gratefully acknowledging to Mrs. Minakshi Dutta & Mr. Hansa Ram Sonwani, both are the owner of the Rice Production Land for providing us the necessary land, facilities and the co-operative nature during the time of work. We are also thankful to all the Staff Members of MATS School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Raipur (CG).
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