View of "STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE EMBEDDED WITH STEEL FIBER, POLYPROPYLENE FIBER & CLASS-F FLY ASH"

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Vol.03, Issue 09, Conference (IC-RASEM) Special Issue 01, September 2018 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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"STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE EMBEDDED

WITH STEEL FIBER, POLYPROPYLENE FIBER & CLASS-F FLY ASH"

Vivek Kumar Singh M.Tech. Research Scholar

Department Of Civil Engineering, SRGI, Jabalpur [email protected]

Prf. Charan Singh Thakur

Prof. Department Of Civil Engineering, SRGI, Jabalpur [email protected]

Asst. Prof. Anil Sanodiya

Asst. Prof. Department Of Civil Engineering, SRGI, Jabalpur [email protected]

Abstract- The aim of this investigation is to study the variation in strength characteristics of concrete structures, with M20 grade. In each mix containing different percentages of fly ash, is super-imposed by incorporating some proportion of marble dust starting from 0% as normal concrete, i.e. controlled concrete and 5%, and 2% steel fibe,2% polypropylene fiber and 2% of Hybid polypropylene steel fiber. as test concrete.

Keywords: Concrete, steel fiber ,polypropylene,hybrid polypropylene, fly ash, structural- characteristics , test concrete.

1. INTRODUCTION

The infrastructure needs our country is increasing day by day & with concrete is a main constituent of construction material in a significant portion of this infra-structural system, it is necessary to enhance its characteristics by means of strength & durability. It is also reasonable to compensate concrete in the form of using waste materials and saves in cost by the use of admixtures such as fly ash, silica fume etc. as partial replacement of cement, one of the many ways this could be achieved by developing new concrete composites.

The composite reinforced with 5 and 10 percentage by wt of fly ash 2%of steel fiber and polypropylene,hybrid- polyproplene demonstrated the highest strength compressive strength.

1.1 Fly Ash:

Fly ash is a by-product from coal based electricity power plant. The coal used in these power plants is mainly composed of combustible elements such as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (nitrogen and sulphur being minor elements), and non-combustible impurities (10 to 40%) usually present in the form of clay, shale, quartz, feldspar and limestone.

At high temperature zone in the furnace, the combustible elements of the coal are burnt off, whereas the mineral impurities of the refuse chemically recombine to produce various crystalline

phases. The molten ash is entrained in the flue gas and cools dry, when leaving the combustion zone (e.g. from 1500˚c to 2000˚c in seconds), into spherical, glassy particles. Most of these particles fly with the flue gas stream and are therefore called fly

Points Should be Understood Using fly ash based technology:

1. It is understood that, fly ash is not a waste, but a highly potential 2. Building material.

3. It is learnt that the fly ash has technical edge in enhancing the durability of concrete.

4. It opened up the awareness about the new business opportunities in packing and transportation of fly ash like a cement industry.

5. It is learnt that the use of fly ash is mandatory as per the government directives.

1.2 Reasons for low level utilization of fly ash:

The current low level utilization of the fly ash is mainly due to:

1. Strong myths that fly ash is a inferior building material.

2. Inadequate promotion of the technology.

3. Lack of confidence in the fly ash based technologies.

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4. Lack of proper training and demonstration facilities.

5. Higher cost of production of building material using fly ash.

6. Non availability of dry fly ash collection facilities at many stations.

7. Easy availability of land with topsoil at cheap rates for manufacturing

8. Conventional bricks.

9. Lack of proper co-ordination between thermal plants and ash users.

10. Inadequate government policies and codes.

Fly Ash Based Innovative and Commonly Produced Building Products are available in India:

1. Cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) blocks.

2. Fly ash based polymer composites as wood substitute.

3. Fly ash based Portland pozzolana cement.

4. Ready mixed fly ash concrete.

5. Fly ash sand lime gypsum (cement) bricks/blocks.

6. Clay fly ash bricks 1.3 Classifications of Fly Ash:

Astm – C618-93 [1] categorizes fly ash into the following three

Categories

1. Class N fly ash: Raw or calcined natural pozzolanas such as some diatomaceous earths, opaline chart and shale, stuffs, volcanic ashes and pumice come in this category. Calcined kaolin clay and laterite shale also fall in this category of pozzolanas.

2. Class F fly ash: Fly ash normally produced from burning anthracite or bituminous coal falls in this category. This class of fly ash exhibits pozzolanic property but rarely if any, self- hardening property.

3. Class C fly ash: Fly ash normally produced from lignite or sub bituminous coal is the only material included in this category. This class of fly ash exhibits pozzolanic property but rarely if any, self hardening property.

1.4 BIS Categorizes Fly Ashes into the following two categories:

1. Class F fly ash: The burning of harder, older anthracite and bituminous coal typically produces class F fly ash. This fly ash is pozzolanic in nature, and contains less than 10% lime (cao).

2. Class C Fly ash: Fly ash produced from the burning of younger lignite or sub bituminous coals are classified as class C fly ash. Fly ash is one of the most extensively used by product materials in the construction field resembling Portland cement (Pfeifer, 1969). It is an inorganic, noncombustible, finely divided residue collected or precipitated from the exhaust gases of any industrial furnace (Halstead 1986). Most of the fly ash particles are solid particles spheres and some particles, called cenosperes, are hollow (Kosmatka et al. 2002). Also present are plerosheres, which are spheres containing smaller spheres inside. The particle sizes in fly ash vary from less than 1 mm to more than 100 mm with the typical particle size measuring under 20 mm. Their surface areas is typically 300 to 500 m²/kg, although some fly ashes can have surface areas as low as 200 m²/kg and as high as 700 m²/kg. Fly ash is primarily silicate glass containing silica, alumina, iron, and calcium. The relative density or specific gravity of fly ash generally ranges between 1.9 and 2.8 and the colour is generally gray or tan (Halstead, 1986).

Experimental Program

Table No. 01: Casting and Curing of M30 Grade of Concrete with 0% Fly

Ash

Sl.

No .

Parti cula r

Mix Desig n

Cod e

No.

of Spe cim en

Curing period

in days

Remark

1 Cube M20 M1 9

no’s 7, 14,28 Cube size 150x150x 150mm

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Table no. 02: Casting and curing of M30 grade of concrete with 5%

cement replaced by fly ash .

Sl.

No. Particular Mix

Design Code No. of Specimen

Curing period

in Days

Remark

1 Cube M20 M2 9 no’s 7,

14,28

Cube size 150x150x 150mm

Table no. 03: Casting and curing of M30 grade of concrete with 5%

cement replaced by fly ash.2% steel fiber

Sl . N o

Particul ar

Mix Desig n

Cod e

No. of Specim

en

Curi ng perio

d in Days

Remark

1 Cube M20 M4 9 no’s 7,

14,2 8

Cube size 150X15

0X 150mm

Table No. 04: Casting and curing of M30 grade of concrete with 5%

cement replaced by fly ash. And 2%

polypropylene fiber.

Sl . N o.

Partic ular

Mix Des

ign Co de

No.

of Speci

men Curi

ng peri od in Day s

Rema rk

1 Cube M20 M5 9 no’s 7, 14,2

8

Cube size 150X1

50X 150m m

Table No. 05: Casting and curing of M30 grade of concrete with 5%

cement replaced by fly ash. And 2%

hybrid poplyproplene fiber.

Sl . N o.

Partic ular

Mix Des

ign Co de

No.

of Speci

men Curi

ng peri od in Day s

Rema rk

1 Cube M20 M6 9 no’s 7, 14,2

8

Cube size 150X1

50X 150m m

1.5 Testing of Materials: Cement:

Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 Grade confirming to IS: 8112-1989 was used in the investigation

Table No. 05: Chemical Composition of OPC

OXIDE PERCENTAGE CONTENT

CAO 60-67

SO2 17-25

AL2O3 3.0-8.0 FE2O3 0.5-6.0

MGO 0.1-4.0

ALKALIES

(K20M, NA20) 0.4-1.3

SO3 1.0-3.0

Table No. 06: Physical Properties of Cement

2. FLY ASH:

Fly ash obtained from Satana Thermal Power Plant, M.P with specific Gravity = 2.3.

Table No. 08: Chemical composition of F-fly ash

Serial

No. Chemical

Analysis Class F-Fly Ash (%)

ASTM Requirement

C618 (%).

1. Silicon dioxide sio2

55.3 -

2. Aluminum oxide al2o3

25.70 -

3. Ferric oxide, fe2O3

5.30 -

4. Sio2 + al2o3 + fe2O3

85.9 70.0

minimum 5. Calcium

oxide, cao 5.60 -

6. Magnesium

oxide mgo 2.10 5.0 maximum 7. Titanium

oxide tio2

1.30 -

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8. Potassium

oxide k2o 0.60 -

9. Sodium oxide

nao 0.40 1.5 maximum

10. Sulfur trioxide

so3 1.40 5.0 maximum

11. LOI (1000˚c) 1.90 6.0 maximum

12. Moisture 0.30 3.0

Maximum.

2.1 Fine Aggregate (FA):

Table No. 09: Sieve analysis of fineaggregate

S R.

N O

IS SIEVE

SIZE

Weigh t retain

ed (gm)

Corr ecti on

Corre cted weigh t

Cumul ative weight retaine

d

Cumul ative percen tage weight retaine

d Cu mul ativ e per cen tag e pas sin g

1. 10mm - - - - - -

2. 4.75m

m 25 +0.5 25.5 25.5 2.55 97.

45 3. 2.36m

m 29 +0.5

8 29.58 55.08 5.508 94.

50 4. 1.18m

m 209 +4.1

8 213.1

8 268.26 26.826 73.

18 5. 600µ 317 +6.3

4 323.3

4 591.60 59.16 40.

84 6. 300µ 350 +7.0 357 948.60 94.86 5.1 6 7. 150µ 50 +1.0 51.0 999.6 99.96 0.0

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Properties of Fine Aggregate:

Fineness modulus of fine aggregate = cumulative percentage weight retained/100

Fineness modulus = 288.864/100

= 2.88 Specific gravity = 2.68 Water absorption = 0.86%

Silt or clay content = 0.5%

Bulk density = 1520kg/m³ Grading = well graded (zone II).

2.2 Coarse Aggregate:

Table No. 10: Sieve analysis of coarse aggregate

S r.

N o

Is siev e size

Weigh t retain

ed (gm)

Cumulat ive weight retained

Cumulat ive percent

age weight retained

Cumulat ive percent

age passing.

1. 63.

00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100

2. 40.

00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100

3. 20.

00 2000 2000 20.00 80.00

4. 12.

50 7580 9580 95.80 4.20

5. 10.

00 220.0 9800 98.00 2.00

6. 8.0

0 120.0 9920 99.20 0.80

7. 6.3

0 40.00 9960 99.60 0.40

8. 4.7

5 20.00 9980 99.80 0.20

9. pan 20.00 10,000 - 0.00

2.3 Properties of Coarse Aggregate:

Fineness modulus of coarse aggregates = cumulative percentage weight retained/100

Fineness Modulus = 512.40/100

= 5.12 Specific gravity = 2.7 Water absorption = 1.12%

Impact value = 11.76%

Bulk density = 1440kg/m³.

2.4 Water [IS: 456-2000]:

Water used for both mixing and curing should be free from injurious amount of deleterious materials such as acids, alkalies, salts, organic materials etc.

Potable water is generally considered satisfactory for mixing and curing concrete. In present work potable tap water was used.

2.5 Slump Cone Test:

Table No. 28: Description of workability and magnitude of slump

Description of workability Slump in mm

No slump 0

Very low 5 – 10

Low 15 – 30

Medium 35 – 75

High 80 – 155

Very high 160 to collapse

Table No. 29: Workability of various concrete mixes design for slump cone

test is as follows

Mix design codes Slump cone test in mm.

M1-MIX (normal concrete) 38

M2-MIX (5% fly ash) 42

M3-MIX (2% steel fiber ) 43 M4-MIX (2% polypropylene

fiber ) 46

M5-MIX (2% hybrid

poplyproplene steel fiber) 48

Compaction Factor Test:

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Table No. 30: Workability of various concrete mix design for compaction

factor test

Serial

No. Mix Design Code Compaction Factor

1 M1 0.81

2 M2 0.82

3 M4 0.84

4 M5 0.86

5 M6 0.90

3. DETAILS OF SPECIMENS USED:

150mm x 150mm x 150mm cube

specimens for Compressive strength.

Figure 1: Mixing of materials and casting

Figure 2: Freshly Placed Specimen

Figure 3: Curing of Specimens 3.1 Test For Compressive Strength of Concrete (IS: 516-1959):

Table No: 32: Compressive Strength of Grade M30 as M1, M2, M4, M5,M6

Mix M-1 M-2 M-4 M

- 5

M-6

Fly as

(%) 0 5 5 5 5

Steel fiber 0 0 2 0 0

Polypropylene

fiber 0 0 0 2 0

Hybrid

poplypropline 0 0 0 0 2

Test age

(days) 3-3 SAMPLES COMPRESSIVE

STRENGTH (N/mm²)

7 22.1 22.56 23.8 25.

3 24

.4

14 25.2 26.8 28.4 29.

4 29 .8

28 29.3 31 33 33.

5 34

4. CONCLUSIONS

Compressive strength, of fly ash based reinforced concrete specimens were higher than the plain concrete (Control Mix) and fly ash concrete specimens at all the ages. The strength differential between the plain concrete specimens and fly ash reinforced concrete specimens became more distinct after at 28 days.

The replacement of cement with 5% fly ash reduced the compressive strength of concrete.

It has been observed that as the percentage of fly ash increases the compressive strength increases initially, on further increase in its percentage reduces its compressive strength.

REFERENCES

1. Prof.S.Eswaei.P.N.Raghunath&S.Kotha

ndaraman. Regression modelling for the evaluation of strength and toughness of hybrid fibre.in concrete.

2. A.Zutaida, S.Norshahida, I.Sopian and H.Zahurin (malaysia) on effect of fiber length variation on mechanical and physical properties of coir fiber reinforced cement albumen composite. IIUM Engg Journal Vol.12 No 1, 2011.

3. Wilson o. tablan Flexural Strength of Concrete Beams Containing Twinned Coconut Fibers Vol 5 No.1 December 2007 ISSN: 2094-1064

4. Majid Ali steel fibre: A versatile material and its applications in engineering Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology Vol. 2(9), pp.

189-197, 2 September, 2011 Available

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online at