JOB STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES’ JOB SATISFACTION:
A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO PRIVATE SECTOR BANK EMPLOYEES DEEPANSHI, DR. MINI AMIT ARRAWATIA
Jayoti Vidyapeeth Womens’ University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Abstract:- Stress is like a personal response of various circumstances. Manage stress in both personal and working life is really tough task. Stress is a major factor as compare to job satisfaction. In this time it’s necessary that everyone try to manage healthy balance between work and personal life with low stress and high job satisfaction. Satisfaction in job is not an easy task. Job satisfaction is very significant for every individual because without job satisfaction he or she unable to set any particular goals and targets in his or her career.
Banking sector is a service oriented organization. In banks competition is raise very fast.
Private Banks employees are facing many issue related to their job stress and job satisfaction.
The main motive of this research is to identify the reason of stress which create problem in job satisfaction and also analyze the job satisfaction of private bank employees because in private sector banks most of the employees are not satisfied with their job. The study has been conducted on 250 employees of private sector banks. For data collection private bank employees randomly selected from various branches. 300 questionnaires were distributed and out of 300 questionnaires over all 250 employees responded. Quantitative research used for this study and data is collected through survey. Questionnaire method is used for the data collection. Most of the time high level of stress leads to collapse of quality of work. Every employee have to give their best performance and need to satisfied the organization because it is a facts that only satisfied motivated and happy employees can give their best result.
Key Words: job stress, Job Satisfaction, private bank employees INTRODUCTION
Stress is an imbalance of psychological and physiological changes. It is a circumstance which can affect the physical and mental health of any individual. Due to job stress physical and mental response of every individual is affected negatively. These situations arise because of mismatch between work demand employees abilities and capacities. Stress is not good for human. Due to stress every individual suffer irritation, frustration, depression, disappointments, dejection etc which is very harmful of the mental health of everyone. The consequences of stress are very rigid and dangerous. Hans’s selye was one of the founding father of research on stress. He stated in 1956, that “Stress is not necessarily something bad; it all depends on how we take it”. Job is the very necessary part of every human and its very prominent part of life for career
growth. Job stress becomes very terrible in this fast and busy life. Job stress is a horrible emotional situation. We can simple explain that job satisfaction is necessary but in this modern time it’s become very difficult because in this time everyone have high desire and everyone have very busy life which create many personal and professional problems . How people feel about their particular job.
Employee’s job satisfaction is always related to age, gender, educational qualification, size of the family, size of the organization, climate of the organization and occupational level etc. Job satisfaction varies from employee to employees in every organization. Every individual faced job stress and some of the time everyone dissatisfied with their job. In job satisfaction we can say that how comfortable every individual in his own particular work and job. When anyone
thinks about job satisfaction then only thing comes in mind that is positive feeling or perspective toward their job or work. A satisfied employee is really productive employees for organization. If any person satisfied with their work and job it means that he is truly like his work and gives best efforts in his performance so he is the honest employees of the organization. Job satisfaction motivates employees to work hard and give strength in odd situation When an employee is really satisfied with their job then he also satisfied with their nature of job, working atmosphere, incentives and salary, performance appraisal, promotion and relationship with superior and subordinate and grievances.
Job satisfaction varies from employees to employees so the nature of satisfaction is varies. We can be said that with the change of satisfaction determinants, level of job satisfaction diverse. Everyone feels stress either in office or home and the outcome is negative. Some of the time dissatisfaction provides positive results. Some time it helps to motivate people to achieve a particular goal and more.
Job satisfaction is the level of comfort when an individual feels about his or her particular job. Job satisfaction is a separate feeling which is depends on every individual level of satisfaction and also perception of satisfaction regarding his or her job. Job satisfaction can be effected by employee’s capabilities to accomplish targets, management support and the level of communication. There are two level of job satisfaction first is affective job satisfaction and second is cognitive job satisfaction. In affective job satisfaction is based on employees feeling and emotions about their job and cognitive job satisfaction is that how a satisfied employees concerning about few aspects (salary, promotion, hours and benefits) of their particular job ( Adikaram ,2016).
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To identify the reasons of stress which affects private sector bank employees?
To analyze the effect of stress on job satisfaction of private bank employees.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relation and impact of job stress on job satisfaction and job commitment. It is found that stress is not directly related to job satisfaction and job commitment. It reveled that there is not any relation among job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment (Agarwal, 2015). Researcher revealed the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction among bank employees and identify the moderating variable of position level and also investigate moderating variable of gender. It is found that where the proportion of stress is high their proportion of job satisfaction is low so that’s why role stress has a negative relationship with job satisfaction.
Researcher also investigate the position level has no moderating effect on the relationship between stress, working condition and job satisfaction and also identified that gender has moderating the effect on role stress towards job satisfaction ( Ling , Bahron , et al 2014). The main motive of this study is to decrease job stress and increase job satisfaction among employees of organization. In this paper researcher revealed the relationship of job stress and job satisfaction and organizational productivity. There is used some strategies to overcome job stress.
Researcher found the direct relationship between job stress, job satisfaction and organizational productivity (Ahari, Mehrabi, et al. 2013). There is identification of some factors which affect stress and job satisfaction these are work hours, relationship between management and employees work related to employees area of education. Researcher identifies the
influence of stress and satisfaction on productivity. When stress level increased then productivity decreased and when satisfaction level increased then productivity also increased ( Halkos, 2012).
This paper revealed the impact of job stress on employee’s job satisfaction. Job stress measured with two factors these are workload and physical environment and it is found that workload and physical environment negatively affect the job satisfaction of employees. Researcher found that economic condition of country population play a most significant role in satisfaction. This is the main reason that the relationship between stress and satisfaction is positive in developing countries ( Rehman, Irum, Thir, et al, 2012). There is identify the women managers have face high stress as compare to male managers. It is clear in this paper that those employees who faced high or low level of stress those employees will face more issues of job dissatisfaction. Job stress is significantly correlated with the job satisfaction ( Raza , Irfan ,2014). The main aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of stress on job satisfaction of employees.
Conflict at work, workload and physical environment are the main reason of job stress and these three factors (role conflict, workload and physical environment) negatively affects the job satisfaction of employees ( Mansoor , Jinnah M. A. , 2011).
Job satisfaction is really necessary facts for every employee. In this study researcher identified the satisfaction level of employees based on employee’s perspective.
Researcher founds some important factors which are responsible to improve job satisfaction of employees. These are salary, performance appraisal system, promotional policies, and relationship of employees with management and colleagues, training and development programs, workload and working hours (chahal, et al. 2013).. There are some certain criteria which effect job satisfaction of employees these are Job
preference, Working Environment, Working Facilities, Welfare Facilities, and Cooperation among Co-workers, Salary Satisfaction, Increment Satisfaction, Performance Appraisal System, Career Development and Behavior of boss, and Promotion system. This study gives positive result regarding job satisfaction. Now a day’s job satisfaction of bank employees became a prominent issue without job satisfaction employees cannot achieve their targets (Karim, Islam, 2014). This research revealed the impact of work life balance and stress management on job satisfaction of women employees. Work life balance and stress management is not a particular problem we can solve and finish it; it is a manageable issue so we can manage these issues when it arises. There is researcher found some factors which is responsible for job satisfaction these are encouraging social groups, mentally challenging works, working conditions, rewards and employees oriented policies (Yadav, et al., 2014).
It is revealed that all stress is not always negative and full satisfaction does not always give positive attitude their job. Both high and low level of job satisfaction is required in job. A good and happy environment helps to overcome the lower down stress and level of job satisfaction problems (Dahiya, Hooda 2016). The main purpose of this research is to found out the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction and result shows that there is negative relationship between job stress and job satisfaction ( Bemana , Moradi ,2013). This research identifies the employee’s morale and job satisfaction.
High morale helps in job satisfaction and satisfied employees perform good and employees good performance also good for organization (Ramasatyanarayana, Gurunadham 2013). Every organization expects that every employee give his or her best output and also this every employee satisfied with their particular work and work place. Every organization knows that
satisfied employees always motivated and courageous. There is a relation between job stress and job satisfaction. (Bajpai, Dave, et al. 2015). It is found that pay satisfaction is very significant for job satisfaction and job stress gives negative impact on job satisfaction. If employees get a good pay or salary then it can helps to decrease the bad impact of stress. Pay satisfaction is playing a big role for job satisfaction as compare to job stress. If any individual is not satisfied with his or her pay then his or her satisfaction level is not much high and employees pay scale satisfaction is negatively affects the job satisfaction of employees (Danish, Shahid, et al, and 2015). Job satisfaction is commonly related to employee’s supervision, salary, and age and education qualification. Job satisfaction is also related to employee’s assumption of the role, their esteem, and mobility. It is found that the level of job satisfaction was positively co related to personal satisfaction and psychological and geographical setting (Vallejo, et al. 2001).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Sample
In this survey, a total of 300 employees were approached to fill the questionnaire in private banks and out of which 250 questionnaires received and all responses of employees were collected personally. Among 250 employees 68 percent respondents were male, and 32 percent were females.
The average age was 28 years, and the minimum qualification was a graduate
degree. This survey has done in 2 cities of Uttar Pradesh (Kanpur and Lucknow). For this survey 4 private bank selected these are Kotak Mahindra Bank, Yes Bank, HDFC Bank and Axis Bank.
Measures
This research has been done with the help of both primary and secondary data.
Primary data were collected through questionnaires with using a Likert 5 point rating scale Strongly Agree (=1), Agree (=2), Neutral (=3), Disagree (=4), Strongly Disagree (=5). Secondary data was collected from, magazines, research journals and web sites etc. In this paper data was analyzed using SPSS 23 version. To find out results mean, standard deviation, percentage techniques used.
RESEARCH FINDINGS
In this research, data was collected through structured questionnaire. Questionnaire was contain in to 3 categories, in first category demographical questions are included and in second category job stress related questions are included and third category related to job satisfaction of bank employees.
A. Profile of Bank employees in the Research :- Table I – Respondents involved in this study (N= 250)
Categories No of Employees Percentage Age
21-30 31-40 41-50 50 above
112 87 33 18
45 35 13 7 Gender
Male Female
171 79
68 32
Educational
Qualification Graduation Masters
Other degree
75
128
47
30
51
19
Work Experience Below 3 3 to 6 6 to 9 9 to 12 12 above 130
55
28
24 13
52
22 11 10 5 B. Job Stress of Private Bank Employees :-
Descriptive Analysis:-
Variables Mean SD Cronbach's Alpha
Working Environment 2.28 .821 .715
Working condition 2.07 .717 .706
Job Targets 2.24 .809 .700
Salary 2.10 .989 .717
Organizational Culture 2.38 .915 .696
Job insecurity 2.35 .902 .710
Supervisory Influence 2.13 .741 .716
Colleagues 1.49 .666 .734
Lack of Communication 1.98 .845 .753
Lack of Management Support 2.30 .980 .738
Technical Problem 2.28 .929 .750
Table II- Result for Reasons of stress which affects private sector bank employees.
Variables Strongly Agree
Agree Neutral Disagree StronglyD isagree Working Environment 51 (20.4%) 85 (34%) 110 (44%) 2 (0.8%) 2 (0.8%) Working condition 51 (20.4%) 135 (54%) 61 (24.4%) 2 (0.8%) 1 (0.4%) Job Targets 37 (14.8%) 136 (54.4%) 61 (24.4%) 13 (5.2%) 3 (1.2%)
Salary 68 (27.2%) 127 (50.8%) 24 (9.6%) 25 (10%) 6 (2.4%)
Organizational Culture 28 (11.2%) 140 (56%) 49 (19.6%) 26 (10.4%) 7 (2.8%) Job insecurity 25 (10%) 150 (60%) 49 (19.6%) 15 (6%) 11 (4.4%) Supervisory Influence 34 (13.6%) 163 (65.2%) 45 (18%) 2 (0.8%) 6 (2.4%)
Colleagues 145 (58%) 91 (36.4%) 12 (4.8%) 0 (0%) 2 (0.8%)
Lack of Communication 83 (33.2%) 95(38%) 66 (26.4%) 5 (2%) 1 (0.4%)
Lack of Management Support
51 (20.4%) 110 (44%) 55 (22%) 30 (12%) 4 (1.6%) Technical Problem 43 (17.2%) 128 (51.2%) 48 (19.2%) 27 (10.8%) 4 (1.6%) The present study indicated the causes of
stress among private bank employees. In table 2, there are given 11 main causes of stress which affect private bank employees.
The result found that 34% employees agreed that working environment is the main season of stress. Large number of employees that is 44% are gave their neutral response. 51% respondents strongly agreed that working conditions is the reason of stress and 54% employees agreed with that but only 2% respondents disagreed with that. 14.8% employees strongly agreed with job targets and 54.4%
employees agreed that job targets are the main source of stress. On the other hand most of the employees 27.2% strongly agreed that salary is the reason of stress and 50.8% respondents are agreed. 11.2 % employees strongly agreed and 56%
employees agreed that organizational culture is the main causes of job stress and only 10.4% of employees disagreed with that. In private sector banks, most of the
employees have job insecurity because in private banks there is no job security. Over all 60% employees are agreed that job insecurity is the main causes of stress and 6% employees are disagreed with that.
65.2% employees are agreed that supervisory influence in their work is the cause of stress and 2%employees disagreed.
58% employees are strongly agreed with that the main reason of stress in private sector bank is colleagues and 36.4%
employees are only agreed with that.
Colleagues gave stress most of the time in bank. 33.2% employees strongly agreed that lack of communication is the cause of stress in organization 38% employees agreed. 44% employees agreed that lack of management support is the main source of stress in private banks and 12% employees said they are not agreed. Large number of employees 51.2 % is agreed that most of the time technical problem is the main reason of stress .
C. Job Satisfaction of Private Bank Employees.
Descriptive Analysis:-
Variables Mean SD Cronbach's
Alpha
Salary 2.31 .859 .741
Benefits 2.06 .750 .740
Connection between pay and performance 2.13 .786 .740
Promotion 1.87 .813 .764
Workload 2.52 1.019 .748
Flexibility in working condition 2.42 .954 .742
Physical working condition 2.18 .784 .743
Opportunity of advancement 1.46 .706 .775
Job security 1.90 .904 .826
Table III- Result of job satisfaction of private bank employees.
Variables Strongly Agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Salary 56 (22.4%) 68 (27.2%) 119 (47.6%) 6 (2.4%) 1 (0.4%) Benefits 52 (20.8%) 140 (56%) 51 (20.4%) 5 (2%) 2 (0.8%) Connection between
Pay and performance
47 (18.8%) 137 (54.8%) 56 (22.4%) 7 (2.8%) 3 (1.2%) Promotion 83 (33.2%) 133 (53.2%) 20 (8%) 12 (4.8%) 2 (0.8%) Workload 33 (13.2%) 12 (44.8%) 54 (21.6%) 44 (17.6%) 7 (2.8%) Flexibility in working
condition
33 (13.2%) 23 (49.2%) 58 (23.2%) 29 (11.6%) 7 (2.8%) Physical working
condition
39 (15.6%) 145 (58%) 49 (19.6%) 16 (6.4%) 1 (0.4%) Opportunity of
advancement
159 (63.6%) 74 (29.6%) 13 (5.2%) 2 (0.8%) 2 (0.8) Job security 92 (36.8%) 112 (44.8%) 30 (12%) 12 (4.8%) 4 (1.6%)
In this table 3, shows the effect of stress on job satisfaction of employees. The result discussed that in private sector bank over all 27.2% employees are agreed that stress is negatively related to employee’s salary and only 2.4% employees disagreed with that. 56% employees agreed and responded that due to stress employees did not get benefits. 54.8% employees responded that stress gave negative impact on Connection between pay and performance . 53.2%
employees are agreed that stress negatively affects promotion of employees and 44.8 % employees agreed and gave their response that due to stress employees feel more workload and it affect negatively. In private banks over all 49.2% employees are agreed that stress affects the flexibility in working condition of employees. 58% employees gave their response that stress affect employees physical working conditions and 63% employees are strongly agreed that stress gave negative impact on employee’s opportunity of advancement. In private sector bank 44.8% employees agreed and responded that stress negatively affect the
job security of employees so the employee’s job satisfaction is decreased.
CONCLUSION
It is been concluded that stress affect employees of private sector bank very badly. Employee doesn’t want any types of influence and another interaction in their work so that’s why supervisory influence is the main source of stress. This study also found that job insecurity, colleagues , organization culture, working condition, job targets and technical problem are also various causes of stress and it give negative impact among private sector bank employees. These reasons give physically and mentally problems of private bank employees. This research found that impact of stress affects employee’s job satisfaction negatively. Employee’s job satisfaction level decreased when stress affects employee’s opportunity of advancement, physical working conditions, benefits, connection between pay and performance and promotion. There is a responsibility of top level management try to understand the stress related issues of bank employees and
take initiative to overcome stress problems among employees. A satisfied employee is the strength of the organization so there is a need to take major steps to increase satisfaction level of employees.
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