Supplementary Material S1: Horizontal variations and seasonal changes around INCOMPASS flux sites.
LST(K) Bhubaneshwar
Figure S1.1. Landsat measured surface temperatures around Bhubaneswar flux site. The satellite pass time is 1014 LT (local time). Filled circle (blue) shows tower location and white spots are either water masks or cloud cover.
a) 08 March
c) 19 November
b) 18 October
Figure S1. 1. continued. Photographs taken at Bhubaneswar.
Figure S1.1 (continued). Google map showing areas surrounding flux tower at Bhubaneswar. The filled red circle shows tower position.
N
200 m
Bengaluru
LST(K)
Figure S1.2. Same as Fig. S1.1 but for Bengaluru. Satellite pass time is 1040 LT.
a) 20 March b) 20 October
c) 17 December
Figure S1. 2. continued. Photographs taken at Bengaluru.
Figure S1. 2. continued. Photographs taken at Bengaluru.
100 m
Figure S1.2 (continued). Google map showing areas surrounding flux tower at Bengaluru. The filled red circle shows tower position.
Dharwad
LST(K)
a) 21 March b) 13 September
c) 22 November
Figure S1.3. Same as Fig. S1.1 but for Dharwad. Satellite pass time is 1052 LT.
Figure S1. 3. continued. Photographs taken at Dharwad on 19 January 2017.
19-09-2017
24-10- 2017
31-07-2017 27-08-2017
24-10-2017
Figure S1.3 (Continued). Photographs taken by camera mounted on the flux tower at Dharwad.
LST(K) Jaisalmer
Figure S1.4. Same as Fig. S1.1 but for Jaisalmer. Satellite pass time is 1114 LT.
a) 30 March
c) 25 November
b) 08 October
Figure S1. 4. continued. Photographs taken at Jaisalmer.
Figure S1. 4. continued. Photographs taken at Jaisalmer.
Figure S1.4 (continued). Google map showing areas surrounding flux tower at Jaisalmer. The filled red circle shows tower position.
200 m
Kanpur
LST(K) a) 23 March
c) 2 November
b) 17 October
Figure S1.5. Same as Fig. S1.1 but for Kanpur. Satellite pass time is 1037 LT. Year 2017.
Figure S1. 5. continued. Photographs taken with camera mounted on the flux mast at Kanpur.
14-03-2016 30-05-2016
23-06-2016 18-08-2016
14-09-2016 14-11-2016
Figure S1.5 (continued). Google map showing areas surrounding flux tower at Kanpur. The filled red circle shows tower position.
LST(K) Nawagam
a) 03 March b) 26 October
c) 11 November
Figure S1.6. Landsat measured surface temperatures around Nawagam flux site. The satellite pass time is ~1103 LT.
Figure S1. 6. continued. Photographs taken at Nawagam.
Nawagam.
Figure S1. 6. continued. Photographs taken at Nawagam.
Figure S1. 6. continued. Photographs taken at Nawagam.
Figure S1. 6. continued. Photographs taken at Nawagam.
Figure S1.6(continued). Google map showing areas surrounding flux tower at Nawagam. The filled red circle shows tower position.
200 m
LST(K) Samastipur
a) 31 March b) 25 October
c) 26 November
Figure S1.7. Landsat measured surface temperatures around the Samastipur flux site. The satellite pass time is ~1018 LT.
Figure S1. 7. continued. Photographs taken Samastipur
Figure S1. 7. continued. Photographs taken Samastipur
Figure S1. 7. continued. Photographs taken Samastipur
Figure S1. 7. continued. Photographs taken Samastipur
Figure S1. 7. continued. Photographs taken Samastipur
Figure S1.7(continued). Google map showing areas surrounding flux tower at Samastipur. The filled red circle shows tower position.
200 m
Spatial variation of land surface temperature (LST) across tower site (110*110) pixels
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
304 306 307 308 309
Number of pixels
LST (K)
Mean : 306.8 K σ: 1.9 K
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
297 298 299 300 301 302
Number of pixels
LST(K)
Mean : 299 K σ: 2.1 K
Bhubaneshwar
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
297 298 299 301 302
Number of pixels
LST(K)
Mean : 299 K σ: 1.87 K
March
October
November
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
301 302 303 304 305 306
Number of pixels
LST (K)
Mean : 303.5 K σ: 1.8 K
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
292 293 294 295 296 297
Number of pixels
LST (K)
Mean : 294.5 K σ: 1.8 K
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
294 295 296 297 298
Number of pixels
LST(K)
Mean : 296 K σ: 1.6 K
Bengaluru
March
October
November
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
308 309 310 312 313 314 315
Number of pixels
LST (K)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
291 292 293 294
Number of pixels
LST (K)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
298 299 300 301 303 304 305
Number of pixels
LST (K)
Dharwad
Mean : 311 K σ: 2.6 K
Mean : 292 K σ: 1.5 K
Mean : 301 K σ: 2.6 K
March
October
November
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
312 313 314 315 316 317 318
Number of pixels
LST (K)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
308 309 310 311 312 313
Number of pixels
LST (K)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
300 301 302 303 304 305 306
Number of pixels
LST (K)
Jaisalmer
Mean : 315 K σ: 1.2 K
Mean : 310.5 K σ: 1.4 K
Mean : 303 K σ: 1.6 K
March
November October
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
297 298 299 300 301
Number of pixels
LST (K) 0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
300 301 302 303 304 305
Number of pixels
LST (K) 0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
303 304 305 306 307 308
Number of pixels
LST (K)
Kanpur
Mean : 306 K σ: 2.5 K
Mean : 303 K σ: 2.0 K
Mean : 299 K σ: 1.5 K
March
November October
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
301 304 306 309 311 314 316
Number of pixels
LST (K)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
302 303 305 306 307 308 310 311
Number of pixels
LST (K)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
300 303 305 308 310 312
Number of pixels
LST (K)
Nawagam
Mean : 308 K σ: 2.7 K
Mean : 306 K σ: 2.8 K
Mean : 305 K σ: 1.87 K
March
October
November
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
301 302 303 304 305 306 307
Number of pixels
LST(K)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
301 302 303 304 305 306 307
Number of pixels
LST (K)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
293 294 295 296 297
Number of pixels
LST(K)
Samastipur
Mean : 304 K σ: 2.2 K
Mean : 304 K σ: 2.2 K
Mean : 295 K σ: 1.6 K
March
October
November
