View of SURVEY AND COLLECTION OF WELL WATER OF VILLAGE RAJWANS DISTRICT DAMOH (M.P.) INDIA FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767, ISSN: 2456-1037

Vol. 02, Issue 12,December 2017 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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SURVEY AND COLLECTION OF WELL WATER OF VILLAGE RAJWANS DISTRICT DAMOH (M.P.) INDIA FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Patel C.¹, Khanam S. J. P.² and Jain P.K.³

12Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ojaswini College par Excellence, Damoh

3Department of Botany Ojaswini College par Excellence, Damoh

Abstract- 12 Well were identified as test wells from village – Rajwans district Damoh (M.P.)India. The water sample were taken to microbiology lab of Ojaswini College par Excellence, Damoh for recording the colony forming unit (CFU). Bacteria were isolated and tested for the purity of culture. Out of 12 well water samples only two samples recorded with less colony forming unit (CFU). A total of 15 bacteria were isolated and tested by Gram,s stain. Out of 15 isolated Bacteria 3 were found Gram positive and 12 were Gram negative.

Keywords: WHO, CFU, Contamination, Ground Water.

1. INTRODUCTION

The safe potable water is absolutely essential for healthy living. Ground water is ultimate and most suitable fresh water resource for human consumption in both urban as well as ruler areas. The importance of ground water for existence of human society cannot be overemphasized. There are several states in India where more than 90%

populations are dependent on ground water for drinking and other purpose (Radha krishanan et.al.2007). Ground water is also frequently used as the alternative source for agricultural and industrial sector. In India there are over 20 millions private wells in addition to the government tube wells (Datta,2005). The wells are generally considered as the worst type of ground water sources in the term of physio chemical contamination due to the lack of concrete plinth and surrounding drainage system (WHO. 1986 Guideline for Drinking water quality, 2^nd edition). Over burden of the population pressure, unplanned urbanization, Unrestricted exploration and dumping of the polluted water at inappropriate place enhance the infiltration of harmful compound to the ground water (Pandey and Tiwari, 2009). There are various ways as ground water is contaminated such as use of fertilizer in farming, seepage from effluent bearing water body (Altman and Parizek, 1995). Most of the industries discharge their effluent without proper treatment into nearby open pits or pass them through unlined channels, resulting in the contamination of groundwater (Jinwal and Dixit, 2008) The Incidence of ground water pollution is highest in

urban areas where large volumes of waste are concentrated and discharged into relatively small areas (Rao and Mamatha,2004). There are two fundamental methodologies for the evaluation of a microbial presence with in a ground water system direct and indirect. Direct examination involves the determination of biomass present at the molecular, cellular or conglomerate (particulate and bio film ) level (smith et al, 1986; Thorn and Ventullo 1988;

Webster et al 1995). Indirect examination involves the determination of viable entity presence through subsequent cultural and /or metabolic activities of various types. Traditionally the concept has involved enumeration of the viable entities present with in a given water sample expressed as either viable unit (VU) or colony forming unit (CFU). The Objective of this work is to evaluate the general bacteriological parameters of the village – rajwans, Damoh District as the source of water used for drinking and bathing purposes.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The details of surveyed area, materials and methods used in present investigation are as follows:

(A) Surveyed area and collection of well water samples:-

Water sample were collected from twelve wells of village Rajwans district Damoh.

(Table 2.1) The water sample from each well were collected directly in 500 ml Plastic bottles and were brought to the

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2 laboratory and kept at 15C temperature until processed.

(B) Preparation of Media

Nutrient agar media was prepared to enumerate and record the colony forming unit (CFU) per milliliter. Nutrient agar prepared according to [Hankin and Anagnostakis (1975)].

Media was then sterilized at 121C and 15 1bs pressure for 15 min. the sterilized media were poured on sterile petri plates.

(C) Serial dilution method for the isolation of micro- organism:-

Serial dilution technique as devised by Waksman (1927) is commonly used for isolation of discrete colonies of micro organism of any given sample resulting is reduction of the population size per

Fig. 1 Serial Dilutiion 10^-1, 10^-2,10^-3, 10^-4, 10^-5

unit volume, so that on inoculation individual cell well be sufficiently far apar on the surface of the agar medium for separation of the different species present in the sample.

Calculation-

Number of CFU/m1= (AxDn)/0.1

Where, A is the number of Colonies per plate. Dn is the dilution factor volume of dilution added to a plate (0.1 ml)

Fig. 2 Serial Dilutiion of Sample WM- 12 [10^-1, 10^-2, 10^-3, 10^-4]

(D) Isolation Purification and maintenance of bacteria:-

The isolated bacteria from well water tested for purity of their culture. To ensure purity of culture all the isolates were derived from single colony raised through dilution method. After purification isolates were cultured on Nutrient agar slants for maintenance and preservation.

The bacteria isolated in the present study have been deposited in the Department of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ojaswini College par Excellence, Damoh (M.P.).

Table 2.1 Water sample Collected from different well water of Village –

Rajwans, Damoh(M.P.)

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Out of 12 well water samples only 2 samples were found potable for drinking purpose (Table 2.1).The other 10 well water were found highly contaminated with coli form bacteria which can lead to infect the drinker’s with gastroenteritis.

S.

No. Total No.

of Well Sample No.

Total Colony Forming Unit (CFU)

10^-1 10^-2 10^-3 10^-4 10^-5

1 WP- 01 195 75 18 16 06

2 WG-02 175 60 20 16 10

3 WK-03 112 74 59 25 11

4 WP-04 123 65 23 19 09

5 WR-05 91 53 47 15 07

6 WS-06 182 75 53 24 15

7 WD-07 103 72 54 34 12

8 WG-08 53 32 12 08 03

9 WJ-09 162 82 71 35 20

10 WB-10 105 83 55 32 15

11 WL-11 55 27 15 12 08

12 WM-12 199 180 150 60 30

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3 The bacteriological analysis of water determines the potability of water.

According to Indian Satandard (BIS,1981) throughout the year 95% of samples should not contain any colifrom organisms or should not be detectable in 100 ml of any two consecutive samples and no sample contains E.coli in100 ml.

The desirable limit of colifrom in water is 10 MPN/100ml (ISI).These sources of bacterial contamination include surface runoff, pasture and other land areas where animal wastes are deposited.

Additional sources include seepage or discharge from septic tanks, sewage treatment facilities and natural soil/plant bacteria (EPA, 2003). The same results of the high number of total coliforms were observed by different authors in different water bodies in India during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons (Islam et al.

2001; Rajurkar et al.2003; Radha Kriashnan et al.2007).

A total 15 bacteria were isolated from the sample collected from different wells of village- Rajwans Damoh (M.P.) These were further classified by Gram’s Staining. Out of 15 isolated bacteria 3 were found Gram positive and 12 were Gram negative.

4. CONCLUSIONS

The present study indicates the polluted condition of the water resource which will have serious effects. Enteric pathogens cannot normally multiply in water hence water is not its mode of transmission to humans (WHO, 1996).The people likely to be at risk would be the very old or the very young as well as patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Also, water polluted by bacteria when permitted to contaminate food would lead to the multiplication of the pathogens to very large doses.

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