TECHNO-ECONOMIC STUDY OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN SELECTED SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES IN MP
Devendra Pratap Singh
Research Scholar, Takshshila Group of Institution, Jabalpur (M.P.) Prof. Alok Agrawal
Asst. Prof., Takshshila Group of Institution, Jabalpur (M.P.)
Abstract - Energy is one of the vital factors for economic growth. In modern days, energy is considered as a factor of production like land, labour, capital and organization.
Consumption of energy is one of the key indicators of the development of a country. Small scale industries are industrial undertakings in which the investments in fixed assets in plant and machinery, whether held on ownership terms or on lease or on hire purchase, do not exceed Rupees One Crore. The major problems faced by these small scale industry units are inadequate working capital at affordable rate of interest, insistence of collateral security by the lending banks and the emergence of stiff competition from foreign goods in the wake of economic reforms.
Minimum energy consumption or Maximum energy conservation and developing new, eco-friendly and renewable sources of energy are the two different operational aspects of energy management. Energy management is an important factor for getting the maximum utilization from all energy sources for efficient and smooth economic-activities in the different sectors of the economy. Many research works have been carried out in a single sector, or combination of sectors. But only few studies have been made on the energy conservation measures and energy management systems in small scale industrial sector.
The present research study have analysed the aspects pertaining to energy management in selected small scale industries of MP.
Keyword: Energy Management Practices, Energy Conservation, Energy Managers, Energy Cost, Small Scale Industries, Energy Audit.
1 ENERGY SECTOR
Energy is one of the vital factors for economic growth. In modern days, energy is considered as a factor of production like land, labour, capital and organization. Consumption of energy is one of the key indicators of the development of a country. Various studies have proved that there is a direct relationship between the energy and economic growth.
Energy sources are classified according to their characteristics and consumption pattern. Energy resources can be classified into primary and secondary energy resources. Nuclear energy, hydro energy, solar and wind energy come under the category of the primary energy resources, whereas refined fuels such as gasoline, fuel oil, electricity, etc. are the secondary resources.
Further, the sources of energy can also be classified into commercial and non-commercial energy resources. All the commercial energy items such as petroleum, electricity, coal, etc., are economic goods but the non-commercial items like firewood, vegetable wastes, and
dried dung may be called free goods to some extent in rural areas. Usually, commercial energy resources are non- renewable but many items of non- commercial resources are renewable by nature.
1.1 Small scale industries sector
Small scale industries are industrial undertakings in which the investments in fixed assets in plant and machinery, whether held on ownership terms or on lease or on hire purchase, do not exceed Rupees One Crore. Small Scale industries constitute an important crucial segment of the industry sector. This sector accounts for about 35% of the total industrial output and contributes 32% to the total export.
In India, the number of registered small scale industry units got increased from 57.05million in the year 2014-15 to 63.05million in the year 2020-21. As per CII (Confederation of Indian Industries), small scale industries contribute over 30% of the GDP. Small Scale Industries make up around 33.4% of India's manufacturing output. Hence, the small
scale industry units provided employment opportunities to 653million persons in the year 2014-15 and it increased to 782million persons in the year 2020-21.
1.2 Objectives of the study
The specific objectives of the study are:
1) To examine the energy consumption pattern of selected industries at National Level and State level.
2) To compare the economics of energy utilization in different category of small scale industries;
3) To suggest the suitable measures for efficient management of energy in small scale industries.
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Syed RaihanHossain et al (2020) demonstrated and analysed the energy management practices in the cement industries of Bangladesh. The outcome of this study shows that there are some barriers in energy management and energy efficiency practices; Lack of staff consciousness, insufficient attention from government and bureaucratic intricacy are most significant among them.
Antonio V.H. Sola et al (2020) analysed the influencing factors on energy management in industries from economics, contingency, technological change and behavioural perspectives. A survey with 40 variables was carried out with middle managers from different industrial sectors in Brazil. The variables were divided into three groups: drivers for investments in energy efficiency;
organizational processes and actions in energy management; involvement of middle managers.
Antonio et al (2019) carried out a detailed analysis of the energy management systems standard ISO 50001:2011, starting from sustainable development, energy efficiency and energy management fundamentals from the viewpoint of sustainable development. The purpose of the analysis was to assess the effectiveness of its implementation, to identify the existence of gaps and to develop improvements capable of fulfilling the identified gaps.
Lawrence et al (2019) aimed to identify Energy management practices, the most important perceived drivers and barriers for Energy management, and relations among them in the energy-
intensive Swedish pulp and paper industry (PPI), which has the longest experience internationally of practising Energy management systems, and has worked according to the standards since 2004.
Hasan et al (2018) studied energy management and improved energy efficiency among large iron and steel mills in Bangladesh. The results show that there are some barriers to energy management practices among large steel mills, the most important barriers being the perceived absence of cost-effective technical measures, high perceived risks due to uncertain future energy costs and poor information quality.
3 ENERGY SOURCES
There are various conventional sources of energy in Madhya Pradesh which are coal, oil and mineral oil, natural gas, atomic energy. Non-conventional sources of energy are solar energy, wind energy etc.
The two main sources of energy in Madhya Pradesh are coal and Hydel power. The reorganization of state has affected its electricity production drastically.
1. Coal: Coal is a major conventional energy sources. It was formed from me remains of the trees and ferns grew in swamps around 500 million year ago.
The coal reserves are found in the states like Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Orissa, west Bengal, M.P. and Andhra Pradesh. Some important coal fields are: Talcher, Raniganj, Jharia, Bokaro, Pench - Kanhan, Singrouli, Chanda etc. Madhya Pradesh has 20.55 billion tonnes of coal which accounts around 7-8% coal of total coal reserve in India. Major producing areas are Sohagpur (Shahdol), Umaria, Singrauli. (Singrauli is also known as energy capital of Madhya Pradesh).
2. Petroleum and Natural Gases: The most commonly seen energy resource of these days is petroleum and its various products. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes and cycle alkanes. It occurs naturally below the earth crust. The composition of Natural gas is a mixture of mainly methane, (95.0%);
small amounts of ethane, propane and
butane (3.6%) and traces of CO2 (0.48%) and N2 (1.92%).
3. Hydropower: Energy obtained from water flow or water falling from a higher potential to lower potential, is known is hydro-power. In this the potential energy is converted into electrical energy. It is a conventional and renewable form of energy which can be transmitted to long distance trough cables and wires. Madhya Pradesh generates substantial amount of hydropower from projects like Chambal multipurpose project. Ban Sagar project, major projects on Narmada River etc.
4. Thermal Energy: Thermal Power is the most important sources of energy for Madhya Pradesh. The main thermal power plants are located in the main coal producing regions so as to reduce the cost of Transportation. The main thermal power plants of Madhya Pradesh are Shri Singaji TPS Dongalia, Chandani Thermal power centre, Jabalpur thermal power plant, Sanjay Gandhi Birsinghpur, Amarkantak thermal power plant and Satpura thermal power plant.
3.1 Small and Medium scale Industries in MP
Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) is known as engine of economic growth and for promoting equitable development. To strengthen them Department of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) was formed on 5 April, 2016. The aim of MSME Department is to make such policies for MSMEs to make competent as well as develop them. MSME department help MSMEs to promote socio-economic growth and employment opportunity in MP. By promoting rural entrepreneurship the department promote the rural economy and hence empower rural people in general and rural women in particular.
It also provides access to credit, technology and local as well as global market for MSMEs. It also develops clusters to provide common minimum facility to MSMEs. Through Self- employment schemes it encourages youth to establish their enterprise at their home town/village.
4 ENERGY SUPPLY AND DEMAND The sources of supply of energy are categorized into four sources. They are:
Coal, Oil, Natural gas and Power. The trend in production of commercial energy is given in Table 4.1.
Table - 4.1 Trend in Production of Commercial Energy in India Energy Uni
t
Production 200
2 200 6 201
0 201 4 201
8 Coal MM
T 111.
01 211.
73 288.
05 325.
65 405.
63
Oil MM
T 10.5 1 33.0
2 33.8 7 32.0
3 33.9 7 Natural
Gas MC
M 2.35 1.79 2.29 29.6 9 37.6
2 Power BK
WH 3.24 6.14 9.01 16.9 2 19.3
India’s total energy supply is estimated to 2000 MTDE. Experts revealed that the supply of energy would grow exponentially. The energy demand in the years 2020, 2025 and 2030 is estimated in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2 Energy demand in India S.
No Source of Energy
Year 20
20 20 25 20
30
Average Annual Growth (in %) 1 Oil (Million
Barrels Per day) 1.9 3.1 4.1 3.8 2 Coal (Million
Short-tons) 37 1 46
5 53
6 2.2
3 Natural Gas (Trillion Cubic
feet) 1.2 2.8 5.7 8.6 4 Electricity
(Billion kilowatt hours)
49 3 80
2 11
92 4.9 The estimated energy supply in India during the periods 2012-13 and 2017-18 is given below in the table.
Table 4.3 Estimated Energy Supply in India
S.
No. Type of Energy
Supply
(MTOE) Supply (MTOE) 2012
-13 % 2017 -18 % 1 Commercial
Energy 411.9 1 73.
14 533.6 8 73.
72 2
Non- Commercial
Energy 151.3 26.
86 170.2 5 26.
28
Total 563.2
1 10
0
703.9 3
10 0 4.1 Energy Consumption Pattern
Energy consumption in India can be discussed mainly in four major sections namely, transportation, industry, agriculture and services which include household consumption and commercial or public services. In the industrial sector, the role of energy is all prevailing and it is basic to numerous operations of plant and machinery, movement of heavy equipment, material processing, and lighting. 'There is more need for energy in the industrial and transportation sectors.
Energy consumption in industrial sector is projected to rise by 3.9% per year from 2020 to 2025, before slowing down to an average of 2.4% per year from 2025 to 2035. Natural gas and oil consumption accounted for more than one half of industrial energy consumption in most states of India. In India, the coal consumption accounts for 37% in the
industries owing to the rich coal resources and also due to lack of other domestic naturally ""available energy resources for development”. Power consumption is dominated by three sectors viz. Domestic, Agriculture and Industry and these sectors together accounted for about 82% of the total consumption.
Table 4.4 Pattern of Electricity Consumption in India (Per cent)
Sectors 1960-
61 1990-
91 2011- 12
Industry 63 68 41
Agriculture 4 10 24
Railway traction 7 3 2
Public lighting
etc. 13 10 12
Domestic use 13 9 21
Total Percent 100 100 100 Table 4.5 Pattern of Electricity
consumption in MP
Category 2011-
12 2013- 14 2015-
16 2017- 18
Domestic 7712
(21.91) 8837 (24.31) 9719
(25.30) 11083 (27.50)
Commercial 3361
(9.56) 3632 (9.99) 3498
(9.10) 3769 (9.40) Industries 11220
(31.87) 11974 (32.94) 13496
(35.17) 13570 (33.67) Agriculture 9495
(26.97) 9030 (24.85) 9588
(25.00) 9766 (24.20) Public Lighting and Water
Works 992
(2.82) 1038 (2.86) 1080
(2.80) 1103 (2.70)
Others 2422
(6.88) 1836 (5.05) 993
(2.60) 1007 (2.5)
Total 35202
(100) 36347 (100) 38374
(100) 40298 (100)
Table 4.6 Region wise Energy Demand of Selected Industries in India (2012-
13)
Table 4.7 Region wise Power Energy Consumption Pattern of Selected
Industries in India (2013-14)
Table 4.8 Region wise Power Energy Consumption Pattern of Selected
Industries in India (2014-15)
Table 4.9 Region wise Energy Consumption Pattern of Selected
Industries in India (2015-2016)
Table 4.10 Region wise Energy Consumption Pattern of Selected
Industries in India (2016-2017)
5 ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
Primary data collected from 7 different category of selected small scale industries are analysed in this chapter. The present chapter consists of three sections. The socio-economic status of the 21 sample units and 105 respondents (5 from each unit) are presented in the first section.
The second section deals with the availability of energy sources in small sale industries and their consumption pattern.
The third section analysed the testing of few hypotheses with suitable statistical tools.
5.1 Socio-Economic status of the sample respondents
Table 5.1 Age of the Sample Respondents
S . N o .
Age Gro
up F B I
F A BI
T B I
C B I
BM CB I
E BI
M I
To ta l
Per ce nt 1 21-
30 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 2.8
6%
2 31-
40 2 4 2 5 2 4 4 23 21.
9%
3 41-
50 3 5 2 7 4 8 7 36 34.
29
% 4 51-
60 8 2 8 2 6 2 3 31 29.
52
% 5 61-
70 2 3 3 0 3 0 0 11 10.
48
% 6 71-
80 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.9
5%
Total 1
5 15 1 5 1
5 15 15 1 5 10
5 10 0%
Table 5.2 Gender of the Sample Respondents
S . N o .
Ge nd er
F B I
F A BI
T B I
C B I
BM CBI
E B I
M I
To ta l
Per cen t 1 Mal
e 1
4 14 1 4
1
5 15 1
5 1 5
10 2
97.1 4%
2 Fe ma
le 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 2.86
% Total 1
5 15 1 5
1
5 15 1
5 1 5
10 5
100
%
Table 5.3 Educational Qualification of the Sample Respondents
S . N o .
Educati onal Qualific
ation F B I
F A BI
T B I
C BI
BM CB I
E B I
M I
T o t al
% to Total 1 Below
Matric 2 4 0 1 1 1 0 9 8.57%
2 10th 4 1 1 2 0 2 0 1
0 9.52%
3 12th 1 3 3 2 1 0 3 1
3 12.38
% 4 Diploma 0 2 4 7 6 3 5 2 25.71
7 %
5 Degree 5 5 5 1 4 7 6 3
3 31.43
% 6 Above
Degree 3 0 2 2 3 2 1 1 3
12.38
% Total 1
5 15 1 5 1
5 15 1 5 1
5 1 0
5 100%
Table 5.4 Father’s Occupation of the Sample Respondents
S . N o .
Father’
s Occupa
tion F B I
FA BI
T B I
C B I
BMC BI
E B I
M I
T o t a l
% to Total
1 Busines
s 1
4 13 1
3 9 13 8 9 7
9 75.24
%
2 Farmer 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 5 4.76
%
3 Govt.
Service 0 2 2 3 1 4 3 1
5 14.29
%
4 Private 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 4 3.81
%
5 Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1.90
%
Total 1
5 15 1
5 1
5 15 1
5 1 5
1 05 100%
Table 5.5 Family Status of the Sample Respondents
S.
No .
Famil y Statu
s F B I
F A BI
T B I
C B I
B M CB I
E B I
M I
T ot al
%
1 Joint
Family 1 3 3 3 2 0 0 1 2
11.
43
% 2 Nucle
ar Family
1 4
1 2
1 2
1
2 13 1 5
1 5
9 3
88.
57
% Total 1
5 1 5 1
5 1
5 15 1 5 1
5 1 0 5
10 0%
Table 5.6 Family size of the Sample Respondents
S.
No .
Fami ly Size
F B I
F A BI
T B I
C B I
B M CB I
E B I
M I
T ot al
%
1 0-3 3 5 2 4 2 5 3 24 22.
86
%
2 4-6 1
1 7 1
1 1
0 12 1 0 1
2 73 69.
52
% 3 7-9 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 5 4.7 6%
4 Abov
e 10 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 2.8 6%
Total 1 5
1 5
1 5
1
5 15 1 5
1 5
10 5
10 0%
5.2 Energy Management in SSI Sector The present study attempts to analyse the energy management in terms of energy utilisation pattern and cost incurred for
energy for production and lighting activities in the SSI sectors. In order to compare the energy utilisation pattern in various categories of the SSI sectors, the energy equivalent of different fuels are also analysed in this section. The size of the SSI sample unit and the type of energy used in the sector varied from unit to unit and category to category. Hence, the category wise analysis of the energy utilisation and energy cost is presented in the study.
5.3 Energy consumption in sample SSI units
Table 5.7 Average Annual Consumption of resources in Food Based Industry
Table 5.8 Average Annual Consumption of resources in Forest and Agro Based
Industry
Table 5.9 Average Annual Consumption of resources in Textile Based Industry
Table 5.10 Average Annual Consumption of resources in Chemical
Based Industry
Table 5.11 Average Annual Consumption of resources in Building Materials and Ceramic Based Industry
Table 5.12 Average Annual Consumption of resources in Building
Materials and Engineering Based Industry
Table 5.13Average Annual Consumption of resources in
Miscellaneous Industry
Table - 5.14 Energy conversion factors
Input Uni
t Equivalence (kwh/Unit) Electricity (Units) Uni
t 0.99
Firewood Kg 4.9
Cashew Nut Shell Kg 4.8
Diesel (Ltr) Ltr 10.7
Kerosene (Ltr) Ltr 9.16 Paddy Husk (Ton) Kg 3.43
Groundut Shell
(Ton) Kg 4.74
Petrol (Ltr) Ltr 9.14
LPG (Nos) Kg 7.2
Crude Oil (Ltr) Ltr 10.69
Men Hr 0.55
Women Hr 0.44
Table 5.15Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Food Based Industry
Fig 5.1 Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Food Based Industry Table 5.16 Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Forest and Agro Based
Industry
Fig. 5.2 Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Forest and Agro Based
Industry
Table 5.17Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Textile Based Industry
Fig. 5.3 Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Textile Based Industry
Table 5.18 Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Chemical Based Industry
Fig. 5.4Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Chemical Based Industry
Table 5.19Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Building Materials and
Ceramic Based Industry
Fig. 5.5Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Building Materials and
Ceramic Based Industry Table 5.20 Average Annual Energy
Equivalent of different resources consumed in Engineering Based
Industry
Fig. 5.6 Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources
consumed in Engineering Based Industry
Table 5.21 Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Miscellaneous Industry
Fig. 5.7Average Annual Energy Equivalent of different resources consumed in Miscellaneous Industry
Table 5.22 Average Annual Cost of different resources consumed in Food
Based Industry
Table 5.23 Average Annual Cost of different resources consumed in Forest
and Agro Based Industry
Table 5.24Average Annual Cost of different resources consumed in
Textile Based Industry
Table 5.25 Average Annual Cost of different resources consumed in
Chemical Based Industry
Table 5.26 Average Annual Cost of different resources consumed in Building Materials and Ceramic Based
Industry
Table 5.27 Average Annual Cost of different resources consumed in
Engineering Based Industry
Table 5.28Average Annual Cost of different resources consumed in
Miscellaneous Industry
Table 5.29 Average Annual Consumption and Cost by selected SSI
units Category
Average Annual Consumpt
ion (kwh)
Average Annual Cost (Rs) Food Based Industry 525659 817741 Forest and Agro Based
Industry 75540 867807
Textile Based Industry 263887 2876864 Chemical Based
Industry 72302 914697
Building Materials and
Ceramic Based Industry 893664 1850816 Engineering Based
Industry 227854 797015
Miscellaneous Industry 28614 249741
Total 2087520 8374681
Average 298217 1196383
Table 5.30 Average Annual Consumption of Energy by selected SSI
units (Source-wise)
Table 5.31 Average Annual Cost of Energy consumed by selected SSI units
(Source-wise)
6 FINDINGS FROM THE SECONDARY DATA
Primary data and secondary data were used for the study. Secondary data for the period of 6 years, 2012-18 were collected from office records and the annual reports of the statistical department, District Industries Centre (DIG), Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Small Scale Industries, Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Source (MNES), Urjavikasnigam limited (UVNL) and Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) etc.
Main findings of the secondary data are summarised below:
6.1 Energy supply and Demand
During the periods from 2002-2018, the crude oil production shows a steady growth. There is a slight increase and decrease in the production of natural gas and it shows a steady increase during the years 2006-2018. Power production has a steady growth during the periods (2002-2018).
The demand of oil is 1.9 billion barrels per day and projected to be 4.1 billion barrels per day in the year 2030. The demand of coal is 371 MST (Million Short Tons) in the year 2020 and projected to be 536 MST till 2030. The demand of natural gas is 1.2 TCF (Trillion Cubic Feet) and projected to be 5.7 TCF in the year 2030. The demand for electricity is 493 BKWH (Billion Kilowatt Hours) in 2020 and it is expected to be 1192 BKWH in 2030.
6.1.1 Power Energy consumption pattern
Power Energy consumption pattern of selected small scale industries across India during the study period 2012-2018 shows that:
Energy consumption in engineering based industry ranked top having 169535.33 gwh (36.59% of total energy consumption) while food based industry is having least energy consumption i.e. 14843.05 gwh (3.2%
of total energy consumption).
Energy consumption in western region of India ranked top having 150458 gwh (32.47% of total energy consumption) while north eastern region of India is having least energy consumption i.e. 3288.15 gwh (0.007% of total energy consumption).
Power Energy consumption pattern of selected small scale industries across MP during the study period 2012-2018 shows that:
Energy consumption in textile based industry ranked top having 11740.58gwh (33.14% of total energy consumption) while miscellaneous industry is having least energy consumption i.e. 1151.88gwh (3.25%
of total energy consumption).
Comparative analysis between power energy consumption pattern across MP and India during study period 2012-18 shows that energy consumption fraction of food based industry (20.18% - 31.43%), Textile based industry (18.07% - 28.13%) has been increased from 2012-2018 in MP to the total of India.
6.2 Findings from the Primary Data Primary Data were collected from the selected small scale enterprises units in MP. A total of 21 SSI unitshad been covered under the seven major categories of SSI units. Three units from each category were selected for the study survey based on the criteria such as investment level and industries using more than two sources of energy. A sample of 5 respondents from each unit of industry was randomly selected for the field survey. Hence, the data were collected from 105respondents and they were interviewed. The main findings of the research study are summarized below:- Demographic data findings
Most of the respondents (34.29%) came under the age group of 41-50 years. A very meagre per cent of the respondents (2.86%) came under the age group of 21-30 years. Only one
respondent (0.95%) belonged to the age group of 71-80.
97.14% (102 respondents) of the respondents were male and 2.86% (3 respondents) of the respondents were female.
Most of the respondents (31.43%) had completed the degree course. A very meagre per cent of the respondents (8.57%) had studied below 10th standard. The engineering based industry (60%) secured the first position in having more number of literate (college level education)
Out of the fathers of the 105 sample respondents, 79 were business people (75.24%) and only 5 were farmers (4.76%). The fathers of 15 respondents (14.29%) were working in Government service sector.
Out of 105 sample respondents, 12 respondents (11.43%) were in joint family and 93 respondents (88.57%) were in a Nuclear family.
21.67% of the sample respondents was having 3 members in their family and 70.83% (85 sample respondents) having the 4-6 members in a family.
6.3 Summary of Findings
Findings of present research study can be summarized as follows:
From technical aspect, It is evident from the findings of all 7 categories of SSI that common major resources of energy consumption are Human Energy (i.e. Men and Women), Commercial source of energy (Electricity) and Natural sources of energy (Firewood, Paddy husk and diesel).
From economic aspect of, it is evident from the findings of all 7 categories of SSI that common major resources of energy cost are Human Energy (i.e.
Men and Women) and Commercial source of energy (Electricity).
Since human energy is major contributor in terms of energy consumption and energy cost, its minimization can be highly beneficial for major small scale industries. Its minimization can be achieved by awareness and adaptation of technological advancement and automation of machines and processes.
Another major contributor of energy consumption and energy cost is Electricity. It is produced in various forms, among which coal based thermal power plant are only non- renewable energy source based facility. Development of hydro, solar and wind energy based power plant can minimize the cost of electricity generation and its demand in small scale industries can be fulfilled and economic advantage can be achieved.
Other natural resources i.e. firewood, diesel etc. can be alternated by biogas power generation and bio fuels production in view of environmental protection and sustainability.
7 CONCLUSION
The study has identified some problems and constraints involved in implementing energy conservation measures and suggested some suitable measures for the effective energy management systems in the SSI sector. Energy conservation is the need of the hour. If dedicated and concerted efforts are made to save energy in industrial sector, significant breakthrough could be obtained through energy conservation, by providing driving force for more industrial units thereby raising the overall industrial production in the country.
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