Vibration Based Monitoring Intelligent Devices and In

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International Journal of Advanced

Copyright to IJARSCT www.ijarsct.co.in

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Vibration Based Monitoring of Structures Using Intelligent Devices and Internet

Vaishnavi M Gowda¹, Vedanth A UG Student Associate Professor

Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering

Abstract: Maintenance should be of highest significance and emphasis in the infrastructure and construction industries. Technological advances is a practical instrument for comprehensive facilities management. The Network System built on Database can also be used, s

Things platform. The structure is monitored everywhere. The new strategy for maintaining huge structures around the planet, in particular those that are characterized by extreme conditions is structural integrity tracking leveraging IoT system. On the systems, sensors are deployed, which provide plenty of actual statistics based on real time data. This can be set to warn the consumer of any faults, variations of the vibrations and wind effects that affect the functionality of

to correct the deterioration or to replace the damaged part should be indicated. In this respect even cloud computing technology is used. And provide us with real world data, Internet of things provides a communication link. It helps to communicate with building structures with basic compressive sensing.

This surveillance would also include information on structural condition, statistics sufficient to evaluate health and productivity.

Keywords: Structural Monitoring, Internet of

SHM is a competitive field of research oriented task which require massive increase in research and development of structures, along with their intricacy. The demand for monitoring health of structures has increased over time to meet the demands of the public and also ensure safety of the structures as well as the occupants associated with it. Health monitoring is effective and efficient in determining the defects such as cracks, vibration characteristics and make it viable to act swiftly before a worse incident occ

IJARSCT

ISSN (Online) Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology

Volume 5, Issue 2, May 2021

DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1236

Vibration Based Monitoring of Structures Using Intelligent Devices and Internet of Things

Application

, Vedanth A², Sanjay S³, Vimal A⁴ and Dr. Neethu Urs UG Students, Department of Civil Engineering^1,2,3,4

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering⁵ Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India

Maintenance should be of highest significance and emphasis in the infrastructure and construction industries. Technological advances is a practical instrument for comprehensive facilities management. The Network System built on Database can also be used, such as that of the Internet of Things platform. The structure is monitored everywhere. The new strategy for maintaining huge structures around the planet, in particular those that are characterized by extreme conditions is eraging IoT system. On the systems, sensors are deployed, which provide plenty of actual statistics based on real time data. This can be set to warn the consumer of any faults, variations of the vibrations and wind effects that affect the functionality of the structure. The procedure to correct the deterioration or to replace the damaged part should be indicated. In this respect even cloud computing technology is used. And provide us with real world data, Internet of things provides a helps to communicate with building structures with basic compressive sensing.

This surveillance would also include information on structural condition, statistics sufficient to evaluate

Structural Monitoring, Internet of Things, Sensors I. INTRODUCTION

competitive field of research oriented task which require massive increase in research and development of structures, along with their intricacy. The demand for monitoring health of structures has increased over time to meet lso ensure safety of the structures as well as the occupants associated with it. Health monitoring is effective and efficient in determining the defects such as cracks, vibration characteristics and make it viable to act swiftly before a worse incident occurs.

Figure 1: Constitutes of IoT Source: Researchgate.net

ISSN (Online) 2581-9429

Technology (IJARSCT)

261

Vibration Based Monitoring of Structures Using f Things

Dr. Neethu Urs⁵

Maintenance should be of highest significance and emphasis in the infrastructure and construction industries. Technological advances is a practical instrument for comprehensive facilities uch as that of the Internet of Things platform. The structure is monitored everywhere. The new strategy for maintaining huge structures around the planet, in particular those that are characterized by extreme conditions is eraging IoT system. On the systems, sensors are deployed, which provide plenty of actual statistics based on real time data. This can be set to warn the consumer of any faults, the structure. The procedure to correct the deterioration or to replace the damaged part should be indicated. In this respect even cloud computing technology is used. And provide us with real world data, Internet of things provides a helps to communicate with building structures with basic compressive sensing.

This surveillance would also include information on structural condition, statistics sufficient to evaluate

competitive field of research oriented task which require massive increase in research and development of structures, along with their intricacy. The demand for monitoring health of structures has increased over time to meet lso ensure safety of the structures as well as the occupants associated with it. Health monitoring is effective and efficient in determining the defects such as cracks, vibration characteristics and make it

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IJARSCT

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT) Volume 5, Issue 2, May 2021

Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1236 262 www.ijarsct.co.in

Multiple theories are already been proposed and are implemented to meet the necessary requirements of structures such as Retrofitting and Stabilization. Implementation of theories has assisted to overcome the efficiency and dynamic behavioral performance of monitoring systems, by having few attributes to lower network computational time and financial supports. Furthermore to accept and share data and improve the system variability. Structural Health system makes use of networking to adhere to the innovation of IoT

Structural Monitoring when integrated with Internet of Things [IoT] is an advanced technology to make work easier as interaction with smart remote devices, these devices run on a platform called as Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is a cloud based data sourcing, storage and network accessible platform. With the new adaptable techniques involved in IoT, It has helped to overcome few recent problems structural engineering community. Development of the structural monitoring systems which are modified with IoT application can bestow accurate and rapid solutions. Furthermore, the blend of structural monitoring, cloud computing, IoT services has provided efficient way of data sensing. Cloud computing platform allows the data to be stored, imports data intelligently for smart monitoring and allows remote access for smart devices. This method provides a boost to the old conventional capacity of traditional monitoring system.

The Non Destructive Testing is a process of carrying out an experiment and analysis based setup which of most important in the field of construction, building erection and operation life of structures, i.e. to evaluate combined properties of any complex or simple building material, sketch out the welding cracks and bruises and other such discontinuities caused due to various effects, acting to change in the original structure component or any other different system characteristics. This way of test is carried out to find size and geo locate defects or cracks on the surface. NDT is unique, it has ability to monitor the rectitude throughout the service life of any structure

II. PREVIOUS WORK

An embedded study compared and use of a wired network to a portable information through data tracking thorough literature review including its architectural tracking system who used a separate processor with the same dynamic response as that of the developed framework.

 Compressive sensing-based lost data recovery of fast-moving wireless sensing for structural health monitoring. Y. Bao, Y. Yu, H. Li;A revolutionary compression-based sensing approach to information processing in electromechanical admission-based dynamic health surveillance is proposed. In this paper. This method consists of projecting the initial conductor identity as statistical features on a perform work, then transmitting the investigation waveform to the operating system with information leakage and eventually restoring the lost information through the use of a density estimation procedure. [1]

 High-performance wireless piezoelectric sensor network for distributed structural health monitoring,”

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks; LS. Gao, X. Dai, Z. Liu, and G. Tian, 2016;The implementation of a specially introduced embedded piezoelectric (PZT) sensing technology through dispersed proposed construction monitoring systems is presented in this paper, that mostly provides membership function extraction with either a measurement frequency of roughly towards 12.5 Msps (samples per second) including integrated lamb-wave data processing. [2]

 A summary review of wireless sensors and sensor networks for structural health monitoring; J. P. Lynch and K. J. Loh, 2006; Motion wireless detectors need new device configurations including threshold values from restrictions. The above report is intended as a descriptive analysis of accumulated expertise developed through the use of remote devices and smart platforms to manage construction integrity as well as performance in the structural design community. [3]

 IoT for structural health monitoring Paolo Francesco sciammarella, Renato sante olivito and Domenico luca carnie 2018;Throughout this journal, the conceptual system provides devices to constantly track current and new architectures by using less battery power. The approaches are indeed pro and necessitate the placement of detectors at pre-determined thresholds. To assess structural protection, the data from the sensors is combined with statistical models. [4]

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 Structural health monitoring using IOT M.P. Suresh Kumar, G Vennila. 2019; The IOT - The Internet of things - systemic surveillance framework has been well suited to deployment environments including smart buildings and green infrastructure, enhance its effectiveness and products protection while improving the efficiency of precise control on only one end. [5]

 IoT of Civil Infrastructures A. Prabha, 2016;This paper introduces IoT for Civil Services and infrastructure.

The proposal Piezomat Attachment Model, creative Detector encoding process, FEM Evaluation as well as Internet of things incorporation are viewed as that of a cross - functional and cross technique. The importance of research into alternative energy systems and then a highly efficient paradigm with realistic application would be enormous. [6]

 Instantaneous baseline structural damage detection using a miniaturized piezoelectric guided waves system; S.

Park, S. R. Anton, J.-K. Kim, D. J. Inman, and D. S. Ha, 2010;This article demonstrates simultaneous, minimal, elevated Piezo resistive direction flows. Monitoring device uses online longitudinal comprehensive needs monitoring. Initially, three Piezo resistive Substrate (PZT) compact, cheap price and durable intelligent pads are placed on something like a substrate and are supposed to be equally binding in order for the structural faults to be detected in an aluminum plate.[7]

 Use of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures; E. F. Crawley and J. De Luis, 1987;The main focus of this paper is on observational astronomy of effective vibration modulation of a heat-actuating laser. The actuator is an extremely thin gyroscopic bar that is tightly connected to the bridge on one side and is heat-inserted and from the other direction. The device then functions as a piezoelectric detector stretches nor contractual obligations when exposed to heat. It presume the push is isolated, even though no exult is passed towards the tube, therefore the energy would not alter any thermal environment of both the structural member.

In important to deter convection, we are considering about two sensors one from the top and the other at the bottom of the beam, functioning together through a similar period of time location. [8]

Figure 2: Block diagram of Structural Monitoring Source: schematicscholar.org

III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

In this paper, a cantilever beam with one side welded joint is firstly tested for free vibration. The model beam was undamaged and it was in a healthy state, the beam was tested for free vibration with the help of SW-420 sensors each sensor placed at two ends of the model beam. Then the beam is damaged at different points on the beam has in the form of a notch and variable change in the dynamic behavior is monitored. The results are recorded in form of datasheets and bar graphs. The IoT platform consists of Arduino Uno, SW-420 a vibration recording sensor, and a Wi-Fi module to navigate readings to a remote device. Arduino Uno is the one used to detect if the structure has the damage or not and the location of the damage if it is existing and this sends the health status to internet server. The data is stored on the cloud and can be monitored remotely from anywhere on any mobile devices and computers. The platform is used to check both damaged and undamaged steel beam and send the data to internet server. The health status is sent to internet that is hosted on Blynk software, which is a platform designed for IoT based framework.

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Figure 3: IoT setup for SHM

The hardware required are Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the Microchip by Arduino. The board reads digital data and sources it to MCU Wi

based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based applications and Vibration sensors (SW The software required to record the values is an IDE cross platform which has a C++ library to run the codes and provides many common inputs and output procedures.

In this paper, a combination of two sensors Sw

vibrations recorded when the cantilever beam is perturbed and these readings run through an IoT process in which the software run the values and if so the values exceed the threshold limit an alert is sent to end user or an SOS message is sent about the health condition i.e. if the beam loads the values lesser than the safe limit, it shows the beam is healthy, if not the structure is unhealthy. The method is

Figure

The Sensors were placed in a combination, later, sensors were mounted at mid span

condition of the beam i.e. the cantilever prototype were monitored using the Arduino software beam had recorded more vibrations than the the graph shows the safe limit of the beam).

beam was damaged by providing a notch of one at mid span and other at one third span has been damaged.

The below graphs represent the free vibration measured in mm/sec² and Y axis shows time in seconds.

IJARSCT

DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1236 IoT setup for SHM Figure 4: IoT Flowchart

The hardware required are Arduino Uno, a microcontroller board based on the Microchip microcontroller developed by Arduino. The board reads digital data and sources it to MCU Wi-Fi module. Wi-Fi module is an open

based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based applications and Vibration sensors (SW he software required to record the values is an IDE cross platform which has a C++ library to run the codes and provides many common inputs and output procedures.

In this paper, a combination of two sensors Sw-420 is proposed as shown in Figure 3. These se

vibrations recorded when the cantilever beam is perturbed and these readings run through an IoT process in which the software run the values and if so the values exceed the threshold limit an alert is sent to end user or an SOS message is ent about the health condition i.e. if the beam loads the values lesser than the safe limit, it shows the beam is healthy, if not the structure is unhealthy. The method is detailed in the flow chart above.

5: Onsite setup for monitoring readings IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

combination, Firstly placed at fixed end and one third span distance and free end simultaneously. The readings above shows prototype beam was perturbed by applying load at the free software and the results were plotted using serial plotter. As per the

the safe limit of 0.015 Hz before any damage had occurred beam). The recordings from other different places were lesser

of 2.5mm on both sides of the beam. The beam was engraved span from free end. There are two separate readings recorded

The below graphs represent the free vibration data of beam under free load, the X axis represents the amplitude and Y axis shows time in seconds.

264 IoT Flowchart

microcontroller developed Fi module is an open-source UNIX based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based applications and Vibration sensors (SW-420).

he software required to record the values is an IDE cross platform which has a C++ library to run the codes and . These sensors catch the vibrations recorded when the cantilever beam is perturbed and these readings run through an IoT process in which the software run the values and if so the values exceed the threshold limit an alert is sent to end user or an SOS message is ent about the health condition i.e. if the beam loads the values lesser than the safe limit, it shows the beam is healthy, if

distance from free end and shows the free vibration free end. The results the above results the occurred (linear tread line in than safe limit. The engraved at two points, recorded after each section data of beam under free load, the X axis represents the amplitude

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Figure 6: Free vibration data collected

Figure 7: Free vibration data collected The beam was damaged by making an engraving are the combined graphs of damaged beam, represents the differences and comparison graphs clearly.

Figure 8: Graph representing the damaged The above graph shows the combined results line indicates the recordings of the beam damaged beam damaged at mid span only and red damage at both points i.e. at mid span and were recorded on a remote device and a warning The graphs were recorded for various other end, the graphs recorded values greater than when the sensor was placed at the midpoint increased when compared to the sensor mounted undamaged readings. These results provide

IJARSCT

DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1236 collected from sensor when mounted at fixed end and undamaged

collected from sensor when mounted at free end and undamaged engraving of 2.5mm at the midpoint of the beam. The following beam, when damage at mid span and one third span distance.

between them. These graphs are reduced to few vibrations

damaged results of beam when damaged at both sections and sensor end

results of the beam when sensor is placed at fixed end of the damaged at one third span and mid span, the orange line line represents the threshold limit of the beam, this graph and one third distance has exceeded the safe limit of 96mm/sec

warning alert was recorded when the beam crossed its threshold other points, when sensor was mounted at one third span than the fixed end. The results shows that a 1.5 time’s greater midpoint of the beam, but the readings were above the safe limit.

mounted at fixed end, the results of the damaged section is provide us a clear graph of the damage being indicated on the

265 undamaged

undamaged condition following results below

distance. This graphs vibrations to understand the

sensor mounted at fixed the steel beam. Black shows the values of graph presents that the 96mm/sec². These values

threshold limit.

span distance from free greater data was recorded limit. The values are is increased twice the remote device. The

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values are increased as the vibration is recorded 96mm/sec², the message showed a warning The damage recorded is almost 2 times more an average of 69.24mm/sec² whereas the damaged limit of 96mm/sec² and warning messages

Figure 9: Graph representing the damaged The above graph represents the combined the recordings of the beam damaged at one at mid span only and red line represents the exceeded the safe limit and that is due to more than undamaged vibration readings i.e.

damaged readings averaged about 312.65mm/sec remote device. The results when sensors mounted in a cantilever beam are always subjected to The readings from the damage indicator criteria and warning messages were received.

Play store and Apple App store. This app allows E-mail, Mobile application notification and super charts with real time clock recording.

Figure 10: Values of the damage indicator.

unhealthy condition. Y axis

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035

UD1 UD2 UD3 Healthy Structure

IJARSCT

DOI: 10.48175/IJARSCT-1236 recorded up to an average of 96mm/sec². Even though the warning indication, to assure the user that the beam is in a critical

more than undamaged vibration readings i.e. the undamaged damaged readings averaged about 318.19mm/sec². Results were sent to remote device.

damaged results of beam when damaged at both sections and sensor end

combined results of the beam when sensor mounted at free end.

one third span and mid span, the orange line shows the values the threshold limit of the beam, the undamaged beam recorded to the behavior of cantilever beam, the damage recorded

i.e. the undamaged readings recorded an average of 124mm/sec 312.65mm/sec². Results exceeded the safe limit and warning messages

mounted at free end exceeded the average safe limit, which to more vibrations compared to other sections of the beam.

indicator graph represent that the values recorded in red have exceeded received. The Blynk application is a free to download software available

allows to view and download the vibrational data and it sends and a SOS message on to control center. It has various advantages recording.

indicator. The green bars represent the healthy condition and the axis represents the frequency recorded by each sensor in hertz

UD3 UD4 DM1 DM2 DM3 DM4 DMO1 DMO2 DMO3 DMO4

Healthy Structure Damage At Midspan Damage at Midspan and One Third Span

266 the values are equal to critical condition to fail.

undamaged readings recorded Results exceeded the safe

sensor mounted at fixed Black line indicates values of beam damaged recorded readings which is almost 1.5 times 124mm/sec² whereas the messages were sent to which proved vibrations beam.

exceeded the safe limit available on Google ends an alert through advantages as it creates

the red bars show the hertz

DMO4 Damage at Midspan and One-

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Figure 11: Vibration data recorded on the remote device and the warning signal being shown on the device for exceeding the safe limit of 96mm/sec²

V. C^ONCLUSION

In this paper a complete real-time IoT platform for SHM was setup. The platform consists of an Arduino Uno microcontroller, SW420 vibration sensor, Wi-Fi module, the sensors were mounted on the beam prototype. At Fixed support, it was observed that vibrations of damaged beam was almost 0.5 times higher, compared to undamaged steel beam, but the values remained within the threshold limit whereas when the sensors were mounted at one third span distance from fixed end was way within its limits and in trial 3 of damage at mid span and one third span was at its peak safe limit and an alert was recorded. At Mid span, it was observed that the vibration of the damaged steel beam was almost 1.5 times greater than the undamaged beam. But when sensor mounted on free end, data always exceeded the threshold limit even in undamaged state whereas when compared to damage results, it was thrice the undamaged state readings.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to express our special thanks and gratitude to Dr. Mahesh Kumar N, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and communication and Mr. Vishwas, M Tech student, DSCE for enhancing the technical knowledge about sensors, programming and sharing the ideas, which helped us in carrying out this research work

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[7]. Instantaneous baseline structural damage detection using a miniaturized piezoelectric guided waves system; S.

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