ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 5.91 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767
Vol.03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
1
o`) thou dks fpf=r djrk miU;kl ^fxfyxMw*
çks- ,e- ,- ihjk¡
fganh foHkkxk/;{k] vatqeu dyk] foKku ,oa okf.kT; egkfo|ky;] fot;iqj
fiNys rhu n'kdksa esa] ifjokj] lekt] ns'k vkSj fo'oA ds jgu lgu vkSj lksp esa Økafrdkjh ifjorZu vk;k gSA blh ifjorZu ds pyrs vkt iwjs fo'oj esa o`) mis{kk ds ik= cu jgs gSaA ftl çdkj la/;kçdk'k /kqa/kyk gksrk gS] mlh çdkj o`)koLFkk dk thou çdk'k Hkh /kqa/kkyk gks tkrk gS] ftl çdkj nhid ds cq>us ls igys mlesa QMQMkgV ;k dEiu vkrk gS] mlh çdkj o`)oLFkk esa Hkh dbZ çdkj ds dEiu vkrs gSa tSls& 'kkjhfjd] ekufld] HkkoukRed]
vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd vkfnA cq<kik dksbZ jksx ugha gS] ,d vfuok;Z çk—frd] tSfod çfØ;k gS] bl voLFkk esa os NksVs ls ,d f'k'kq dh Hkkarh dksey Hkkoqd vkSj laosnu'khy cu tkrs gS] bl voLFkk esa mUgsa Lusg dh vko';drk vf/kd gksrh gS fdarq oS'oh`dj.k vkSj lapkj&Økafr us lekt vkSj laL—fr dks cny Mkyk gSA ,dy ifjokj ds vfHk'kki dh ekj lcls vf/kd o`) oxZ ij iM jgh gSA la;qä ifjokj esa o`) gh ifjokj dh jh< gqvk djrs FksA mudh vuqefr ds fcuk ifjokj dk ,d i=k Hkh fgy ugha ldrk Fkk fdarq le; dh djoV us ;s lcdqN cny Mkyk gSA vkt vdlj ckgj ukSdjh dj jgs cPpksa ds o`) ekrk–firk ?kj esa ,dkdh jgrs gSaA pfpZr Þdof;f= o"kkZ flagß us o`) thou ds nnZ dks eglwj djrs gq, vusd xtysa fy[kh gSa&
cw<+h vka[ks tksg jgh gSa bd VqdM+k lans'k]
ek¡&ckck dks NksM+ ds fcjok clus x;k fons'kA vkiuk ygw ijk;k gksdj tk cSBk ijnsl dgha]
O;FkZ gksx;k jkrksa jkr txuk cw<+h vka[kksa dkA
GPF ls FD rd fd;k fuNkoj ftl is]
fuiV ijk;ksa tSlk vc rks ogh vk jgk is'kA
fganh lkfgR; ds vf/kdka'k fo/kkvksa esa o`/nkoLFkk ij ys[kuh pyh gS| tSls dgkfu;ksa esa m"kk&fç;ank dh
^okilh* çsepan dh cq<h dkdh] vkSj dQu Hkh"e lkguh dh] phQ dh nkor vkSj [kwu dk fj'rk] dkSf'kd dh rkbZ]
f'koçlkn flag dh chp dh nhokj] deysf'oj dh dLcs dk vkneh vkfn miU;kl lkfgR; esa —".kk lkscrh dk le;
ljxe] jes'kpaæ 'kkg dk leksn ijns ij ¼2006½ johUæ oekZ dk vkf[kjh eafty ¼2007½ dk'khukFk flag dk jsgu ij jkx/kw ¼2008½ vkfn| y?kq dFkkvksa esa lkfcj gqlSu dh e`R;q dk vFkZ] jke'kadj papy dh 'kaHkq dkdh] jkes'oz dackst fgeka'kq dh Å¡pkbZ vkfnA dforkvksa esa lqfe=kuanu iar dh cw<+k pk¡n] ukxktqZu dh ihiy ds ihys iÙks] Hkokuhçlkn feJ dh eSa cq<k gks x;k gw¡] vkfnA bl rjg misf{kr thou dh nqnZ'kk ij fganh ds vusd fo/kkvksa esa lkfgR;dkjksa us lekt esa o`/nksa dk xgu fparu O;ä fd;k gSA
ledkyhu efgyk dFkkdkjksa esa fp=k eqn~xy dk LFkku egRoiw.kZ gS] muds rhu miU;kl çdkf'kr gq, igyk miU;kl foKkiu txr dh pdkpkS/k esa ukjh dh fLFkfr ij çdk'k Mkyrk gqvk] ,d tehu viuh] nwljk miU;kl ukjh foe'kZ ij vk/kkfjr gS] vkSj rhljk miU;kl ^fxfyxMq* bl miU;kl dk dsaæh; fo"k; gS] o`)koLFkk ftl Hkkjr dh çkphure xzaFk _Xosn esa ekrk&firk /kjrh vkSj vkdk'k crk;k x;k gS mlh ns'k esa ekrk&firk dh fLFkfr vkt nhu&ghu gS] fparktud gS] mlh dk fp=.k çLrqr miU;kl dk eq[; dsaæ fcanq gSA bl miU;kl esa nks o`/n ik= gSA ckcq tloar flag fjVk;MZ flfoy baftfu;j vkSj duZy Lokeh bUgha nksuksa ik=ksa dh ifjf/k esa o`/nkoLFkk dh fparktud]
=kln fLFkfr;ksa dk rkuk&ckuk cquk x;k gSA ;g nksuksa ik= vius tkus igpkus] ;k vius vkl&ikl ds gh tku iM+rs gSaA ;g miU;kl rsjg fnu dh dgkuh esa pyrs nks cqtqxksaZ ds thou dk iwjk [kkdk gh ugha crkrk vfirq vkt ds cnyrs thou ewY;ksa dks Hkh ifjHkkf"kr djrk gS fd dSls ukS toku ih<+h vius cqtqxksaZ dks ?kj esa lEeku u nsrs gq, vdsyk NksM+ nsrh gSA
ckcw tloar flag ewyr% dkuiwj ds jgus okys gSa] fdarq vc os vius csVs ujsaæ vkSj cgq lqu;uk ds lkFk fnYyh esa jgrs gSa fnYyh esa e;wj fogkj ds XySdls vikVZesaV esa mudk ?kj gS vkSj duZy Lokeh uks,Mk ds lsDVj esa jgrs gSaA nksuksa lhuh;j flVhtu gSa] fjVk;MZ gSa] çkr% dky lSj Hkh djrs gSa] ,d fnu çkr% dkyhu lSj esa nksuksa dh eqykdkr gksrh gS] nksuksa /kfu"V fe= cu tkrs gSa] vius&vius lq[k nq%[k ck¡Vrsa gSaA blh lq[k nq%[k dh dgkuh crkrs gq, duZy Lokeh ^fxfyxM+w* dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gSa& Þfxfy ekus fpfM;kA fxfyxMq ekus fpfM;k¡A njvly gekjh ey;kye esa dgrs gSa – fdfydyqA geus mldk fganhdj.k dj fy;k gSaßA ^ysfdu esjh fxfy xMq gSa esjh tqMok¡
iksfr;k¡A pgdrh&Qndrh eLrh djrh gqMVaxs epkrh--- mQ dSlh /keky gSa nksuksa iwfN, erA* bl rjg miU;kl ds 'kh"kZd dk vFkZ Li"V gksrk gSA
tloar flag tc dkuiwj ls fjVk;MZ gks; iRuh vkSj /kfu"V fe= gfjgj nwos ds fu/ku ds ckn fcydqy vdsys gks tkrs gSa] vkSj fcekj Hkh jgus yxrs gSa] fQj M‚DVj lykg nsrs gSa fd bl vdsysiu ls NqVdkjk ikus ds fy,
ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 5.91 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767
Vol.03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
2
vius csVs vkSj cgq ds lkFk jgs] bl rjg M‚DVj dh lykg eku dj vius csVs vkSj cgq ds lkFk jgus fnYyh pys vkrs gSaA ujsaæ ds ?kj esa muds fy, dksbZ Lora= dejk ugh feyrk ¼f'k'ks vkSj vY;qehfu;e½ ls cuk dejk½ dejk uqek cYduh esa jguk iMrk gSA tgk¡ ml dejs esa V‚eh ¼dqÙkk½ igys ls jgrk FkkA cgq lqu;uk vius llwj dh dHkh bTtr ugha djrhA mUgsa f>M fd;k¡ vkSj rkus lqukus dk volj <w¡<rh jgrh gS mez ds lkFk&lkFk euq"; dks çR;sd vax lHkh detksj gksus yxrs gSa ckcw tloar flag dh ;knnk'kr detksj gksus yxh Fkh dHkh&dHkh dejs dh fctyh dk cVu can djuk Hkwy tkrs] dHkh fy¶V [kwyh NksM nsrs] rks cgq lqu;uk mUgsa [kjh&[kksVh lqukus ls ugha pqdrh AÞHkwy tkus ls fctyh dk ehVj rks ugha [kkeks'k cSB tk,xkßA
lqu;uk vius ifr ,oa cPpksa ds fy, muds ilan dk Hkkstu cukrh gS] fdUrq llqj tloar flag dks ilan dk Hkkstu ugha cukrhA fiTtk] cxZj] U;wMYl] jf'k;u lykn oxSjg mUgs ugha Hkkrs] u gte gksrs gSa] fÝt esa j[kk cklh [kkuk os [kk ugha ldrsA os viuh bPNk&vfuPNk vius csVs ds lkeus Hkh ugha çdV dj ldrs D;ksafd vc mUgsa yxus yxk gS – ÞbPNk&vfuPNk ?kjokyksa dh gksrh gSA ?kj esa vkdj jgus okyksa dh ughaß tc muls jgk u x;k] rks os vius csVs ujsaæ ls bl laca/k esa dgrs gSa] rks ujsaæ us ,d yack&pkSMk Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, dgrk gS& ÞvkabZnk os viuh ilan dh xqatkbZ'k bl ?kj esa u <a<s rks csgrj gSßA ?kj esa mu dh mi;ksfxrk flQZ Vkeh ds fy, gksrh gS D;ksa fd lqcg 'kke mls vius lkFk ?kqekus ds fy, ys tkuk iMrk gSA
ckcw tloar flag coklhj ¼ikbYl½ ls ijs'kku FksA dHkh&dHkh diMs jowu ls Hkj tkrsA vr% cgq lqu;uk muds diMs ugha /kksrhA cfYy mUgsa [kwn vius diMs /kksuk iMrkA D;ksafd cgw lqu;uk dgrh& Þmuds ik;tkesa vkSj pïh esa yxs [kwu ds /kCcs okf'kax e'khu esa ugha NwVrsA mu ds ckFk:e esa fju dh cêh j[k nh xbZ gSA diMs /kksus Mkyus ls igys os Lo;a /kCcs dks rfud jxM fn;k djsaA cPpksa ds lQsn ;wfuQkeZ blh ykijokgh ds pyrs yxHkx ihys iM jgsA o`)koLFkk esa 'kkjhfjd fuo'krkvksa ls ckj&ckj cgw&csVs ds lkeus 'kfeaZnk gksuk iMrk gS] dHkh&dHkh ik;tkesa esa is'kkc fudy tkus ;k is'kkc djrs le; ckn esa dqN cw¡nksa ds fudy tkus lsA csVs&cgw dks mudh Mdkj
;k ikn ls Hkh f'kdk;r gS] rks ckcw tloar flag vius csVs ujsaæ ls dgrs gSaÞ Nha[k] ikn] Mdkjsa tokuh vkSj cq<kek ugha ns[krs ujsaæßA
,d fnu ckcw tloar flag grçHk jg x, tc rerekbZ cgwlqu;uk muds dejs esa vkdj mu ij cjlrs gq, dgrh gS&Þvkf[kj ckcqth bl laHkzkar lkslk;Vh esa mudh bTtr [kkd esa feykus ij D;ksa mrk: gSa\ viuh mez dk fygkt fd;k gksrkA vHkh Hkh tokuh dk tks'k ckdh gS rks fnDdr dSlh\ pys tk;k djsa jsMykbV ,fj;kA dkSu isa'ku de feyrh gS mUgsa tks mudh ekSteLrh esa gkFk cka/ks gksa\ de ls de vMksl&iMksl dh fd'kksfj;ksa ij rks utj u MkysaA eqg fn[kkus yk;d j[ksa mUgsa lkslk;Vh esaA mis{kk vkSj ykaNuksa ls çrkfMr gksdj tc duZy Lokeh ls bl ckr dh ppkZ djrs gSa rks /;ku gks vkrk gS fd njvly bUgsa coklhj dh iqjkuh f'kdk;r gSA eLlksa esa gfMalk Vîwc yxkuh iMrh gSA 'kk;n dejs dh LykbfMax f[kMfd;k¡ [kwyh jg xbZ gksA cl blh ls ekSdk xyr Qgeh gks xbZ vkSj cgq lqu;uk dks ,d lqugjk ekSdk feyk llwj dks yrkMus dkA tcfd cspkjs tloar flag vijk/kh ugha FksA
ckcw tloar flag dk thou esa vius iksrksa dks lq[k Hkh ulhc ughaA cPps çk;: vius ekrk&firk dk gh vuqdj.k djrs gSaA vr: muds iksrs ey;&fuy; ds eu esa Hkh vius nknw ds çfr dksbZ vknj ugha gSA vkt ds bl baVjusV ;qx esa cPps fdlh dh t:jr gh eglwl ugha djrs] u ?kj ds yksxksa dh u lekt ds fdlh O;fäc dhA cl dEI;wVj vkSj eksckbZy gha mudh nqfu;k gSA mUgsa vius nknkth ls dEI;wVj vf/kd fç; gSA ckcw tloar flag vius iksrs dk tUe fnu eukuk pgrs gSa fdarq iksrk ey; igys ls dk;ZØe cuk pqdk gS fd og viuk tUe fnu eSdMksukYM esa euk,xk vkSj cPpksa dh bl ikVhZ esa cMksa dks 'kkfey ugha djsxkA bl fy, og vius nknw ls dgrk gS Þu u nknw! vius lkFk ge fdlh Hkh cMs dks ugha ys tk;saxs ikVhZ cksfjax gks tk,xhßA csVs vkSj cgw ds lkFk&lkFk iksrksa ls Hkh frjL—r ;k misf{kr gksdj ckcw tloar flag dks ,slk yxus yxk fd bl ?kj esa mu dh n'kk dqÙks ¼V‚eh½ ls Hkh cnrj gS D;ksafd Vkeh dks Hkh muls vf/kd lEeku feyrk gSA bl fy, os dgrs gSa Þbl ?kj esa ,d ugha nks dqÙks gSa – ,d V‚eh] nqljs vodk'k çkIru flfoy baftfu;j tloar flagA V‚eh dh fLFkfr fuLlansg mudh cfuLcr etcwr gSA mldh bPNk vfuPNk dh ijokg esa fcNk jgrk gS iwjk ?kjA muds fy, fdlh dks fcNs jguk t:jh ugha yxrkA V‚eh vPNh uLy dk dqÙkk gSA lkslkbVh esa muds ?kj dk #rck c<rk gSA muds pyrs mudk :rck dyafdr gqvk gSA
ujsaæ dks yxus yxk gS] fd D;ksa uk vius firk dks o`/nkJe esa j[kk tk;] og vius bl fopkj dks ckcwth ls fl/ks u dgdj viuh cgu 'kkfyuh ls dgyokuk pkgrk gSA rktqc bl ckr dk gS fd 'kkfyuh Hkh vius HkkbZ dk lkFk nsus ds fy, ~rS;kj gks tkrh gS] vkSj firk dks o`/nkJe Hkstus dk çLrko dks Qksu ij bl rjg dgrh gS& HkS;k ds çLrko ds bl rjg crkrh gS A
ÞHkS;k rks ;gk¡ rd lksp jgs gSa fd tgk¡ ckcwth dk eu yxs] os çlUufpÙk jgs] mUgsa ogha j[kk tA,A mUgksaus irk yxk;k gS fd uks,Mk ds lsDVj ipiu esa dksbZ vkuan fudsru o`)kJe gS] D;ksa u muds jgus dh O;oLFkk ogha dj nh tk,A ge mezksa dh tekr esa ckcwth dk eu yxk jgsxk A HkS;k txk ns[k vk, gSaA os crk jgsa gSa fd cgqr lqanj gSA Hkkstukfn dh O;oLFkk mÙke dksfV dh gSA mUgsa ogk¡ j[kus ds fu.kZ; ls HkS;k ij [kpZ dk vfrfjä/k cks> iMsxkA HkS;k mls lg"kZ mBkus ds fy, r;kj gSaßA 'kkfyuh fQj vkxs dgrh gS] HkS;k gfj}kj esa Hkh ,d vkJe ns[k vk, gSa dgrh gSA Þgfj}kj ds fdlh vkJe ds fo"k; esa Hkh HkS;k ds fe= jktho jk;tknk us muls ppkZ dh gSA vkJe Bhd xaxkrV ij gSA vkJe ls ckgj u Hkh fudyk t, rks Hkh vkjke ls dejs dh f[kMdh ls la> dh euksje vkjrh ns[kh
ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING
Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 5.91 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) UGC APPROVED NO. 48767
Vol.03, Issue 03, March 2018, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
3
tk ldrh gSßA bl rjg ujsaæ vius firk dks o`)kJe esa j[kus esa gh viuh lqfo/kk le>us yxk gSA ckcw tloar flag le> tkrs gSa fd viuh gh vkSykn mUgsa ouokl nsusl dk "kMîa= cuk jgh gSA mUgsa ;g Hkh yxrk gS fd& ÞdksbZ firk vius gh ifjokj ds fy, frjLdkj dk fo"k; dSls gks ldrk gSA muds fy, vHkh fdlh us fd;k gh D;k gS\ u iSlksa – #i;ksa ls u vlk/; jksx vius gh cPpksa ds bl "kMîa= ls çrkfMr ckcw tloar flag dks dkuiwj ds ?kj esa jgus okyh ukSdjkuh lqxqfu;k dh ;kn vkrh gS tks viuksa ls Hkh vf/kd Lusg Hkko ls mudh ns[kHkky djrh FkhA lqxqfu;k ds çfr muds eu esa d#.kk tkx mBrh gS fd mlds nksuksa cPpksa dh f'k{kk ds fy, çfr ekg ikap lkS #i;k Hkstus dk fu.kZ; ysrs gSa vkSj efuvkMZj dj Hkh vkrs gSa vkSj muls ;g çkFkZuk Hkh djrs gSa fd og #i;ksa dks ugha ykSVk,A
miU;kl ds mRd"kZ esa ;k vafre i`"Vksa esa vpkud dFkk esa,d u;k eksM vkrk gSA miU;kl ds ,d vkSj cqtqxZ ik= duZy Lokeh ds thou dks ysdjA duZy Lokeh dqN fnuksa ls e‚jfud o‚d esa vuqifLFkr FksA fe= dh bl ych vuqifLFkr ls fpafrr gksdj ckcw tloar flag ,d fnu v‚Vks fj{kk ls duZy Lokeh ds ?kj igqprs gSaA ogk¡ dk ;FkkFkZ ns[kdj lUu jg tkrs gSaA duZy Lokeh fd iMksflu felst JhokLro ls mUgsa ;FkkFkZ dk cks/k gksrk gS fd duZy Lokeh dh e`R;q ƒ„ fnu igys gh vR;ar nq%[knk;h fLFkfr;ksa esa gqbZ gSA lkFk gh mUgsa gl ckr dk Hkh Kkr gksrkgS fd duZy Lokeh ds thou esa mruh [kqf'k;k¡ Fkh gh ugha ftruh os crkrs FksA ckcw tloar ds leq[k felst Jh okLro duZy Lokeh ds thou ds dVw ;FkkFkZ dks ,d&,d djds crkrh gSA duZy Lokeh us vius ifjokj dh tks vkn'kZ dgkuh ckcw tloar flag dks lqukbZ Fkh] os lc mudh ftUnxh esa lkjh ckrs Bhd mlds foijhr FkhA ;ksa rks duZy Lokeh ds rhu csVs gSa ij rhuksa 'kknh ds ckn vyx jg jgs FksA mudh ea>yh cVq vuqJh ftls u`R; dk 'kkSd Fkk] vius Ms< lky dh tqM¡ok csfV;ksa dks NksMdj vius u`R;xq# ds lkFk Hkkx xbZ gSA nksuksa tqMok iksfr;k¡ ftuls duZy dks vikj Lusg Fkk]
mUgsa gSnjkckn ds g‚LVy esa j[kk x;k gSA duZy Lokeh ds rhuksa csVksa dks vius firk ls çse fcydqy ugha Fkk ij gk¡
mudh çkiVhZ ls çse vo'; FkkA tc fd duZy Lokeh xkft;kckn dk dherh IykV cspdj mUgsa ¶ySV [kjhnus esa enn dj pqds Fks] fdarq blls Hkh os r`Ir ugha Fks vc mu dh –f"V pkj dejksa okys uks,Mk ds ¶ySV ij FkhA blh ckr dks ysdj duZy Lokeh dk e>ys iq= ls >xMk gksrk gSA vkSj Øks/k esa e>yk iq= vius gh firk dh [kw~c fiVkbZ djrk gS] [kw~u ls yrir duZy Loeh dks *dSyk'k vLirky* esa HkrhZ djk;k tkrk gSA blds ckotwn Hkh duZy Lokeh vius csVs ds fo#) ,Q-bZ-vkj ¼FIR½ djus ls euk dj nsrs gSaA ysf[kdk fp=k eqn~xy th ;gk¡ ;g crkuk pkgrh gSa fd vkSykn pksg ftruh Hkh 'kSrku gks] xyrh ij xyrh djrh gks ekrk&firk ges'kk mUgsa {kek djrs gSa] dHkh eerko'k dHkh yksdykto'kA blds ckn duZy Lokeh dh e`R;q gks tkrh gSA vkt ds bl HkweaMyhdj.k ;qx esa larku ds ikl vius ekrk&firk ds vafre laLdkj ds fy, Hkh le; ugha] bldk ekfeZd fp= Hkh ysf[kdk us çLrqr fd;k gSA cMk csVk vkSj cgw nkg laLdkj ds fy, csaxyksj ls vkrs gSaA vU; nksuksa csVs O;Lrrk ds dkj.k nkg laLdkj esa igq¡p ugha ikrsA pkSFks ds fy, #dus dk le; muds ikl ugha gSA
miU;kl ds var esa ckcw tloar flag dk foæksgh :i fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA os viuk dkuiwj okyk ?kj ml ukSdjkuh lqxqfu;k ds uke dj nsuk pkgrs gSa tks vkthou mudh lsok iwjh vkLFkk ls djrh vk;h gSA tloar flag dks
;g fo'okdl gks x;k gS fd mu dk iq= tks vesfjdk esa jgus yxk gSa] og muds vafre laLdkj esa igq¡p ugha ik,xkA bl fy, os ;g olh;r cuokuk pkgrs ga&Þlqxqfu;k¡ dk iq= jkejru ^vfHk"ksd vkljs* gh mudh dikyfØ;k djsA mls gh og vius nkg –laLdkj dk vf/kdkj ns jgs gSaAß
bl miU;kl ds ek/;e ls fp=k eqn~xy vkt dh ;qok ih<h dks ;g crkuk pkgrh gSa fd vkt vko';drk gS gekjs lekt ,oa ifjokj esa cqtqxksa ds vknj dh] lEeku dh vkSj muds vk'khokZn dhA mUgsa lqjf{kr gksus ds Hkko dks txkus dhA o`)ksa esa tcrd ;g Hkkouk ugha tkxsxh fd mudh ns[kHkky djus okyk vkSj mudh vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ djus okyk dksbZ gS] rc rd os vius dks lqjf{kr ugha le>saxsA blds fy, ;|fi o`)kJe ,d mfpr LFkku ekuk tk jgk gS fdUrq Hkkjrh; ifjos'k esa vius ?kj ls vf/kd vPNk dksbZ nwljk vkJe ugha gks ldrk] vr% vius ifjokj ds chp mudh ns[kHkky dh O;oLFkk gh vf/kd mfpr gks ldrh gSA
