Vol. 04, Issue 07, July 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG THE
EMPLOYEES OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS Dr. Preeti Yadav1
Associate Professor, Amity Business School, Amity University, Jaipur
Samra Sultan2
Research Scholar, Amity Business School, Amity University, Jaipur
Abstract & Purpose:- Current life style is very complex. As per report published on Business Insider; Nearly 46% received stress management backing from their employers but most others feel lack of employer support. The growing ‘always on’ work culture has cost employees their mental health. And, it isn’t helping productivity either. Work stress is very common in current era which negatively affects various part of human life. It may cause work life imbalance, organizational role stress, etc. Organization role stress is a kind of stress which arises with role or job profile allotted to an employee. Education sector have various responsibility on its shoulder in sense of social and personal.
The employees (teachers) in education institution is not only shouldered with teaching responsibility but also have attached with various other responsibility like to be clerical and administrable jobs. Researcher gets attracted towards the conditions of education sector found the gap to analyze the relationship between age group of employees in educational institution and level of organizational role stress in educational institutions of Rajasthan. The stress experienced in the commencement of the role is known as Role stress.
These role stresses are the result of the poor role design poor ‘personal- environment fit'. Role stress jeopardizes the role performance and wellbeing of the role occupant. The organization is one of the places to originate the stress. It is also a cause for the structural and social resources to create stress. There are various factors which cause stress. The demand and pressures on the workplace cause stress. The factors found in the workplace, that is related to stress and health risk can be divided into two types.
One is related to the content of the work and another is related to the social and organizational circumstance of the work. These factors can also be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The intrinsic factor includes an overload of work, the pressure of time, long working hour, tedious tasks, and work without break, poor workspace conditions and repeat tasks. The Extrinsic factors comprise of the salary comparison in the industry, rising demand for the skill updating, new completive skills etc.
There are other various factors which can create stress on the workplace like:-
The role ambiguity, unclear roles and the conflicting job profile, mismatch between the job profile and the employee's skills can also create the work stress.
The future possibilities of development and succession can also create stress, if not handled properly.
Lack of training, job insecurity, less development opportunity, and less growth opportunity can also be the reason for the stress in the employees.
The demanding and unsupportive management, bullying co-workers, and the organization culture are also another source of the stress.
The organization practice of unpaid overtime or restructuring or downsizing, mergers, relocation also gives the stress as it creates a feeling of insecurity in the employees.
The role occupant encounters the problems, constraints in various forms during the course of performing that spec tic/focal role. The role occupant is expected to perform his role in spite of the various unimportant issues. The issues may be related to other roles, within or between the departments, it may be conflict between the various role of the role occupant, the difference in the expectation of the role occupant and the expectation of other from the role occupant, difference in role purpose and role performance, difference in role performance and outcomes of the role performance.
Vol. 04, Issue 07, July 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE 1. A MODEL OF CONSEQUENCES OF ROLE STRESS
Source:- adapted from the Cooper CL, Marshall J. (published in Occupational sources of stress: a review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health. J Occupy Health Psychol1976; 49:11–28
As it is very clear from the model that the stress may result in two types of consequences first, related to the professional health and second, with personal health. Here professional health means the employees working performance and the outcomes. The stress lays an unwanted burden on the employees which results in the poor performance or the delayed of the work.
The reasons behind these are the job dissatisfaction, peer pressure and the sour relation with the top management.
The other effect of the stress may be seen on the personal health which
results in the shape of Variation in Blood Pressure, Heart rate, Depression, mood swing and they may further result in chronic health desires and the mental health. Warraich, et al. 2014 found the increasing stress in the organization between the workforce and managerial staff, in a number of sources such as
‘surveys, longitudinal studies and absence statistics'. According to Gardazi, et al. (2016), stress creates stress within the individuals by pushing the psychological and physiological factors beyond their stability.
Vol. 04, Issue 07, July 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE It may have a very strong effect on
the health and performance of an individual (Lecompte, et al. 2017). With a vast study of literature found that the current study is untouched and having a good scope to work. In present study researcher had tried to find the relationship between age and level stress in employees of educational institutions of Rajasthan state.
For the analysis purpose researcher has developed the hypothesis that is;-
H0: There is no significant difference in effect and type of stress among respondents belonging to different age groups.
H1: There is significant difference in effect and type of stress among respondents belonging to different age groups.
Researcher had collected data from employees of various educational institution of the state. For the collection of data researcher used the closed ended questionnaire with ORS scale of Udai Pareek. The sample size of the study was 500 employees basically of teaching staff.
To test the above hypothesis the researcher has applied the one way ANOVA to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the group means. The analysis and the result interpretation is given below- Table-1 ANOVA output – Age
Descriptive
N Mean Std.
Deviation Std.
Error 95% Confidence
Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum
Lower
Bound Upper Bound
ORS
18-34 164 123.094 19.7509 1.5423 120.048 126.139 90.0 153.8 35-54 183 123.297 19.3184 1.4281 120.480 126.115 90.0 153.8 55-64 123 120.174 17.3899 1.5680 117.070 123.278 90.0 153.8 65
AND ABOVE
30 123.513 19.6661 3.5905 116.170 130.857 90.0 153.8
Total 500 122.475 19.0184 .8505 120.804 124.146 90.0 153.8 ANOVA
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
ORS Between Groups 870.139 3 290.046 .801 .494 Within Groups 179618.074 496 362.133
Total 180488.212 499
2. POST HOC TESTS Multiple Comparisons Dependent
Variable (I) AGE (J) AGE Mean Difference (I-J)
Std.
Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval
Lower
Bound Upper Bound
ORS Tukey HSD 18-34
35-54 -.2034 2.0462 1.000 -5.478 5.071 55-64 2.9199 2.2699 .572 -2.931 8.771
65 AND
ABOVE -.4194 3.7788 1.000 -10.160 9.321 35-54 18-34 .2034 2.0462 1.000 -5.071 5.478 55-64 3.1233 2.2188 .495 -2.596 8.843
Vol. 04, Issue 07, July 2019, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
65 AND
ABOVE -.2161 3.7483 1.000 -9.878 9.446 55-64
18-34 -2.9199 2.2699 .572 -8.771 2.931 35-54 -3.1233 2.2188 .495 -8.843 2.596
65 AND
ABOVE -3.3393 3.8750 .825 -13.328 6.649 65 AND
ABOVE
18-34 .4194 3.7788 1.000 -9.321 10.160 35-54 .2161 3.7483 1.000 -9.446 9.878 55-64 3.3393 3.8750 .825 -6.649 13.328 Table shows the output of the ANOVA
analysis and whether there is a statistically significant difference between the group means. The results show that the significance value is (p = 0.494), which is more than 0.05. , therefore, there is a no significant difference in the mean in effect and type of stress among respondents belonging to different age groups. So the results show that there was no significant difference between groups as determined by one-way ANOVA (F(3, 496) = 0.801, p = .0.494).
A Tukey post hoc test revealed that the effect and type of stress among respondents belonging to different age groups is statistically significantly lower in the age group 55-64(120.1± 17.38, p = ..572) as to compared to the age group 18-24 (123.1± 19.75, p = .1.000), group 35-54 (123.3± 19.32, p = .495), group 65 and Above (123.5± 19.66, p = .825) There was no statistically significant difference between the effect and type of stress among the age group of 18 to 34, 35 to 54, 55 to 64, 64 -above. So it could be interpreted that There were no statistically significant differences between group means as determined by one-way ANOVA F(3,496) = .801, p = .494
> α =0.05) at 5% level of significance, hence the null hypothesis is failed to reject.
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