View of AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH ON RHIZOBIUM AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZERS AS A BIOFERTILIZERS

(1)

ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in Vol. 01, Issue 02, June 2016, ISSN -2456-1037 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL)

1

AN ANALYTICAL APPROACH ON RHIZOBIUM AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZERS AS A BIOFERTILIZERS

Dr. Bharat Jinturkar,

Head Department of Botany and Principal, Late K.G. Kataria College Daund, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract:- The soil in the identified saline place of Akola and Buldhana district (India) changed into investigated for the look at of nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization by micro organism. Within the gift have a look at 133 samples had been analyzed from saline affected region of Purna River, amongst those 22 samples confirmed the high potential to solubilize the inorganic insoluble phosphate. A complete ninety five samples showed the short developing large colonies of Rhizobium strains. From the look at it turned into located that Rhizobium species have main and efficient fast growing big colonies.

Additionally Pseudomonas and Bacillus species have more solubilizing capacity of inorganic insoluble phosphate. Utility those the isolated lines of Rhizobium species that are rapid grower and efficient strains of PSB can be used as bio fertilizer as they have neighborhood ecology and may tolerate excessive salt concentration and alkalinity of soil of Akola and Buldhana district of Maharashtra state, India.

Keywords:- Bio fertilizer, symbiotic nitrogen fixer, phosphate solubilizing bacteria.

1. INTRODUCTION

Nitrogen and phosphorus are the predominant plant nutrients, which might be referred to as the grasp key element in crop manufacturing. But a more part of soil phosphorus (approximately 95-99%) is present in the form of insoluble form;

dominant in alkaline soil and unable to use by the flora. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms are able to solubilizing calcium, aluminium and iron phosphates as well as rock phosphates and mineralizing organic phosphorus making the phosphorus gift inside the soil to be had to the vegetation.

The bound form of phosphate is made to be had by using soil microorganisms like bacteria and fungi, which solubilize the certain form and make it available to the flora. Nitrogen is also most ample detail in atmosphere (approximately 78.08%) however flora are not able to use it as such. It could be made available via chemical or organic means however chemical nitrogen fertilizers are highly-priced. To boom the supply of phosphorus and nitrogen for flora, big quantities of fertilizers are used on a ordinary basis however after packages, a huge share of fertilizer phosphorus is quickly transferred to the insoluble shape and very little (approximately 20-25%) of the carried out phosphorus is beneficial.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixer and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms play a vital position in supplementing nitrogen and phosphorus to the plant

permitting a sustainable use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. Use of those microbes as fertilizers within the area has been suggested to boom crop yield. That is especially vital for developing nations where farming will remain in hand of small farmers.

The most green and dominant phosphates solubilizers belong to bacterial companies are Bacillus species and Pseudomonas species as PSB and Rhizobium species as nitrogen fixer, which can be grown in field, is followed for a selected environmental factor and soil texture. Environmental stresses are one of the maximum restricting elements in agricultural productiveness.

The boom and physiological interest of microbes will also be affected with the trade within the soil circumstance consisting of salinity, pH, moisture, and carbon and nitrogen resources. Salinization is responsible for low fertility reputation of soils. The industrial bio fertilizers are not able to grow and provide greatest blessings at the location aside from from wherein they're isolated.

Consequently efforts are made to isolate neighborhood salinity and ecologically adopted traces of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria from saline belt of Akola and Buldhana district.

So the strains that are adapted to such environmental circumstance in saline belt can assist to derive most blessings in agricultural manufacturing.

(2)

2 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Series of samples: a total of 133 soil samples had been collected from intensity of 5-7 cm from exceptional agricultural land of 133 villages of saline affected villages in Purna river of Akola and Buldhana district of Maharashtra in July- December 2007. Samples had been gathered from rhizosphere of plant life like Tur, Mung, Soyabean, and Cotton in sterilized polythene bags and transferred to laboratory for screening of Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria.

2.1 Isolation of PSM and Rhizobium A 1g of each soil samples have been dissolved in 10 mL sterile distilled water, and combined very well. The supernant of those suspensions changed into used for isolation of Rhizobium species and PSM.

From these prepared soil suspension, lapful of soil suspension became inoculated on Rhizobium agar medium by streak plate technique and factor inoculated on Pikovskaya’s agar medium.

The Rhizobium plate changed into incubated at 25C for 24h and 0 Pikovskaya’s plate turned into incubated at 37 C for 24h. For zero the isolation of Bacillus species as PSM, soil suspension changed into heated at eighty C for 10 minutes to kill zero the vegetative cells after which inoculated on Pikovskaya’s agar medium. Such isolates had been in addition reconfirmed as PSM and Rhizobium species.

Isolated predominant,

morphologically wonderful colonies had been selected from Rhizobium agar and Pikovskaya’s medium. Isolates were identified by means of their colony characteristics and microscopic observation.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Within the gift observe 133 soil samples were amassed from different villages of Purna alluvial soil of Akola and Buldhana district for the isolation of local locally tailored traces of Rhizobium and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria. A total of sixty seven isolates had been recognized as Rhizobium, forty three from Akola district and 24 from Buldhana district.

Out of those 67 PSB isolates, 28 every had been R. Japonicum (18 from Akola district and 8 from Buldhana district) and R. Leguminosarum (17 from Akola district and 11 from Buldhana district), 7 isolates

of R. Trifoli (6 from Akola district and 1 from Buldhana district) and four isolates (2 each from Akola district and Buldhana district) of R. Meliloti.

Out of sixty seven Rhizobium spp isolates, 11 isolates had been speedy growers (photograph 1). Surange et al., also remote Rhizobium strains from alkaline soils, which were salt tolerant. In the adverse circumstance of pH, the organisms remote from salinity affected soil that indicates high salinity tolerance, which may be used for guidance of bio fertilizers. The isolates are tailored to soil environmental factors consisting of pH, temperature, and moisture content in saline belt. The remote lines of Rhizobium may be used for training of bio fertilizers, to be able to be extra effective in saline belt soil.

Photo 1: Isolated colonies of (A) Rhizobium legumino sarum and

(B) Rhizobium japonicum

(3)

3 Photo 2: Phosphate solubilization by

(A) Bacillus subtillis and (B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa This bio fertilizers used for including the nitrogen in soil, and increase the crop yield and fertility of soil. A complete of a hundred and one isolates were recognized as PSB, 54 from Akola district and 47 from Buldhana district. Out of these 101 PSB isolates, forty nine had been Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fifty two had been Bacillus subtilis. Out of those 6 isolates of P. Aeruginosa and 5 isolates of B. Subtitles from Akola district and nine isolates of P. Aeruginosa and 19 isolates of B. Subtitles from Buldhana district were especially green (image 2).

Those green PSB lines with neighborhood ecology can be used for the training of Bio fertilizer. Tambekar et al., had also isolated 40 traces phosphate solubilizing Bacillus subtitles from saline tract of Vidarbha, which are presently used as bio fertilizers by neighborhood farmers. Tambekar and Bhokre and Rajankar et al., additionally mentioned similar type of phosphate solubilizing interest in isolated PSB and fungi.

The utility of the bio fertilizers organized via that micro organism can be useful in salinity-affected region of soil. In conclusion, the isolated traces of Rhizobium species which might be fast grower and efficient traces of PSB may be used as bio fertilizer as they have neighborhood ecology and may tolerate excessive salt awareness and alkalinity of soil of Akola and Buldhana district of Maharashtra country, India.

REFERENCES

1. Bilolikar, M.N., R.S. Raut, G.U. Malewar, S.N. Rachewad and B.T. Lawand, 1996.

Occurrence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in soils of Marathwada region.

P.K.V. Res. J., 20 (1): 18-20.

2. Lee, K.D., Y. Bai, D. Smith, H.S. Han and Supanjani, 2005. Isolation of plant growth promoting entophytic bacteria from bean nodule. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 1 (3): 232- 236.

3. Goldstein, A.H, 1986. Bacterial solubilization of mineral phosphates. Am.

J.Alernat. Agric., 1: 51-57.

4. Jisha, M.S. and A.K. Ashok, 2006. Effect of selected pesticides on phosphate solubilization. Asian J. Microbiol. Biotech.

Env. Sc., 8(3): 685- 687.

5. Rajankar, P.N., D.H. Tambekar and S.R.

Wate, 2007. Study of phosphate solubilization efficiency of fungi and Bacteria isolated from saline belt of Purna river basin. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 3 (6):

701-703.

6. Rao, D. L.N., 1999. Bio fertilizer situation in India and future thrusts. I.C.A.R, 1-3.

7. Surange, S., A.G. Wollum II, N. Kumar and S. Nautiyal, 1997. Characterization of Rhizobium form root nodules of leguminous trees growing in alkaline soils Can. J. Micro biol, 43: 891-894.

8. Tambekar, D.H., 1998. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms as Bio fertilizer. Selected topics in Biotechnology.

Edited PAMA publication, Karad. 43-53.

9. Tambekar, D.H. and D.D. Bhokre, 2005.

Studies on effect of carbon and nitrogen source on phosphate solubilization of bacteria isolated from saline soil. J.

Microbial World, 7(1): 140-142.

10. Tambekar, D.H., U.A. Bidwai, D.D. Bhokre, R.R. Jane and S.D. Tambekar, 2006.

Biodiversity of phosphate solubilizing Bacillus subtilis isolated from saline tract of Vidarbha P.K.V. Res. J. 30 (2).

11. Zilli, J.E, R.R. Valisheski, F.R. Filho, M.

P.Nerves and N.G. Rumianek, 2004.

Assessment of cowpea Rhizobium diversity in Cerrado area of northeastern Brazil.

Bra.J.Microbiol.35 (4).