View of ASPECTS OF NATURAL AND MAN MADE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal (International Journal) ISSN-2456-1037

Vol. 05,Special Issue 02, (IC-IRSHEM-2020) February 2020, Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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ASPECTS OF NATURAL AND MAN MADE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA Kamlesh, Ph.D Research Scholar

SKD University, Hanumamgarh (Rajsthan)

Abstract:- India is one of hazard suffer country in South Asia. It feasibly occur from natural and man made causes. Floods, draughts, landslides, snowstorms, hurricanes occurs ordinary. These hazards adversely affects millions of lives, infrastructures, agriculture, productivity loss and India's over all development. Due to disasters like natural disasters health problems are increasing day by day. Technological disasters and natural disasters are different in there causes and health impacts, as the frequency of technological disasters are much lower than natural disasters due to there inherent prevention by engineers.

Manmade emergencies may also be complicated by natural’s hazards and floods can be forbid by threat of landmines in war zones. It is essential to grow awareness about types of disasters, there causes and there health impacts. We also talk about hurdle of drawing Index type of insurance against natural disaster. Many Indian states have score resource and lack their own disaster management plan. This paper effort to achieve information about three area-disaster preparedness, response, recovery and management.

Keywords: Hazard, Infrastructure, Productivity, Disaster, Insurance, Recovery, Management.

1. INTRODUCTION

Basically disaster management is considered as the organisation and management of resource and responsibility for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies in a specific preparedness, response and recovery in order to reduce the effect of disordered we know that, we can't stop the natural hazards like flood, earthquake, draught, volcano, etc.

but we can plan various steps to reduce the result of disaster with effective planning.

The word 'Disaster' is derived from middle French 'disastre' and that old Italian 'disastro' which comes from the Greek prefpc (dus)-bad+aster(star). The seed of the word disaster comes from an astrological theme in which the ancient used to refer to the destruction or deconstruction of a star as a disaster.

United National defines-disaster as "Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community of the functioning of a community or society which involve widespread human, material, economic or environmental impacts that exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

It is considered some time as a 'catastrophic' condition in which the basic way of life or environment system of nature has been and then require some reasonable protection.

According to United Nations office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). "A Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, economic, environmental losses that exceed the community's or society's ability to cope using its own resources. Through often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. It is sudden occurrence of a misfortune which destroys and affects the normal functioning of a results from a combination of hazards, conditions of obligation and drained capacity to reduce the potential negative results of the risk.

Disaster Management Act, 2005, "Disaster is defined as a Catastrophe, Mishap;

Calamity or or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural and manmade cause or by accident or negligence which result in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to and destruction of property or damage to or degradation of environment and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of community of a affected area.

2. DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

Disaster management in India belongs to protection of lives and resources during natural and man-made disaster. It's plans are multi-tiered and planned to address issued like- floods, fires, hurricanes, mass failure of utilities, raped spread of disease and draught s.

India is accessible to natural disasters and problems because of its unique geo-climatic situation, having recurrent floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides. As we

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all know that India is a blood country, different regions are vulnerable to different natural problems, like during rainy reason the peninsular areas of South India is mostly affected by cyclones and states of wert-India sterile drought during feels summer. Out of 20 state and 8 UT in country 27 are disaster prone. 58.60% land mass is prone to earthquake of moderate to very high intensity, 12% land is prone to flood and river erosion, out of 7516 km to coastline 5700 km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis, 68% of the cultivable land is vulnerable to drought, hilly area are of risk from landslides, and avalanches and 15% of landmass is prone to landslides. A total of 5:61 urban local bodies are prone to urban flooding.

Disaster risks in India are further associated by increasing burden related to changing demographic and socio economic condition, without planned citification development within high risk zone environmental breakdown climate change, geological hazards, epidemics and pandemics: clearly all these contribute to condition when disaster seriously threaten India's economy its population and sustainable development.

3. WHY IN INDIA

The Eastern domain in against with the heavy floods in the longlived perennial rivers of Brahmaputra, Ganga etc. Drought, heat, wave heavy wind etc. also common in this area.

The Northeastern area faces the disaster in the form of landslide, wind outrange, earthquake and natural etc. and this part of the century comes under the seismic zones IV and V.,

The developing countries are also faced accidents and technological disasters. The western area is widely known for severe drought, wind erosion of land and soil, flood and cyclones. This domain is also prone to earthquake. The problems of sea erosion and tsunami are also faced by the islands of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshdweep. the cyclones are faced by Indian coastal areas both in Eastern and western coast.

Sometimes, volcanoes in Andaman group of islands which sometimes become active.

In recent times, it was active in 2005. Among all the disaster, tsunami is the recent phenomena, which was never seen or heard earlier.

It has no proper warring system, due to this, it destroyed a large portion of coastal area of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh besides Andaman and Nicobar Islands and lives and wasted health and wealth broadly.

A number of disasters like lands ware, flood, cyclones, tsunami, draught also faced by India in a broad sense. Some, recent disaster faced by India include Uttar Kasha, earthquake in UP in 1991, Later earthquake in Maharashtra in 1993, chama earthquake in Gujrath, flood in 2005. Except this India has a bad experience of technology related failure in form of as tragedy in 1984. India is also faced the problem of plague in Gujrat.

3.1 Type of Disaster

1. Water and Climate Related Calamities 1. Flood or drainage

2. Cyclone 3. Hurricane 4. Hailstrom 5. Cloud burst 6. Heat wave 7. Cold wave 8. Drought 9. Crop failure 10. Famines 11. Sea Storm 12. Blizzard 13. Sand storm

14. Thunder or lightening 15. Thunder or lightening

2. Geologically Related Calamities 16. Landslides, rock-slides or mudflows

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3 17. Earthquakes

18. Avalanche

19. Volcanic eruptions 20. Rivers changing path

3. Chemical, Industrial and Nuclear Related Calamities 21. Chemical and Industrial disasters

22. Nuclear disasters

4. Accident Related Calamities 23. Forest fires

24. Urban Fires

25. Mine flooding or mine fires or mine collapse 26. Oil Spill

27. Building collapse

28. Dam failure, dam bursts 29. Festival related disasters 30. Fire and electrical disasters 31. Air, road and train accidents.

32. Boatcapsizing 33. Village fire

5. Biologically Related Calamities 34. Biological disasters and epidemics 35. Pest attacks

36. Cattle epidemics 37. Food poisoning

Frequently Occurring Natural Disaster in India Sr.

No.

Type Location/area Affected

pollution 1 Floods 8 Major river valleys spread over

40 million hectare as of area in the entire country

260 Million

2 Droughts Spread in 14 states 86 Million

3 Earthquakes Nearly 55% of the total area of the country failing in the seismic zone IV and V

400 Millions 3 Cyclones Entire 5700 km long coastline of

Southern Peninsular India covering 9 states

10 Millions

4. AGENCIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 4.1 Indian Agencies for Disaster Management

In India, on 23 December 2005, the Rajya Sabha passed the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The same Disaster Management act was approved and passed on 12 December, 2005 by the Lok Sabha, Not much later, i.e., on 9 January 2006, the Disaster Management Act, 2005, got the permission of the President of India and became valid all over the country.

Disaster management has assumed great importance in recent times. To handle the situation efficiently, we need to be well-equipped with the latest technologies. It cannot avert the situation but can mitigate its impacts. National disaster management authority (NDMA): National Disaster Management Authority is an agency of the Ministry of Home Affairs whose main purpose is to coordinate response to natural and man-made disasters.

The organisation was established through the disaster management act introduced by the government of India in 2005. The agency is accountable for framing policies, laying down guidelines and coordinating with the State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) to ensure a holistic and dispersed approach to disaster management.

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A. National Remote Sensing Centre: National Remote Sensing (NRSC) is one of the centres of the India Space Research Organisation (ISRO), NRSC manages date from aerial and satelite sources.

4.2 India Council of Medical Research (ICMR)

The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the top body in India for the formulation, organisation and endorsement of biomedical research. It is one of the oldest and largest medical research bodies in the world. The ICMR is funded by the Government of Indian through the Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

4.3 Central Water Commission (CWS)

The Commission is allotted with the responsibilities of initiating, coordinating and furthering in consultation for the State governments especially during the times when a calamity strikes. It is therefore, entrusted with the coordinating of schemes of control, conservation and utilization of water resources throughout the country, for purpose of flood control, irrigation, navigation, and drinking water supply and water power development.

5. CONCLUSION

All communities and centuries are vulnerable to disasters, both natural and manmade.

India's geo-climatic conditions makes it one of the most disaster prone country in the world to system very often from several natural disasters like-flood, landslide, forest fire, hail storm etc. Area tops the list of casualties due to natural disaster. The perception about disaster and its management has undergone a change following the enactment of the disaster management act 2005.

The UNDA with government of India has together prepared an action plan for cities and towns vulnerable to earthquakes. The requirement in existing buildings be technically a checked out evaluated and individual owners and group housing authorities should be acquainted about the defect in their construction and materials.

Currently, in India, it is assumed that around 10 lakhs buildings which are built every year, similar number of them get damaged as a consequence of disaster. So, the monitoring mechanism is required in disaster prone areas to set up.

Rehabilitation is an inseparable part of disaster management. When disaster take place administrative measures are terribly inadequate and perhaps this is the most difficult period for a victim. The administration is also play an important role to provide facility to the wretched people. In fact its effort and commitment get more complex. It requires proper coordination among several institutions so we can say that; important to note that disaster are irregular events that require irregular response. Government cannot depend on normal process to implement suitable response- the rescue teams require learning special skills, technologies and attitudes in dealing with disasters.

REFERENCES

1. http://www.physio-pedia.com

2. Prime Minister Narendra Modi releases country's first-ever National Disaster Management Plan"

(http://timesofIndia.indiatimes.com/India/Prime-Minister-Narendra-Modi-releases-countryes-first-ever- National-Disaster-Management-Plan/articlesshow/52541150.

3. cms). The Times of India. 1 June 2016.

4. "NDMA Vision" (http://ndma-gov.in/en/about-ndma/vision.html), National Disaster Management Authority (India).

5. Evolution of NDMA (http://www.ndma.gov.in/en/about-ndma/evolution-of-.html)

6. Functions and Responsiblities" (http://ndma.gov.in/en/about-ndma/roles-responsiblities.html). National Disaster Management Authority (India).