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ISSUE ON GLOBALIZATION AND INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION1Dr. Kinjal Shah,
Assistance Professor, P.M.B. Gujrati Commerce College Indore
2Dr. Bharti Shah,
Assistance Professor, M.K.H.S. Gujrati Girls College Indore 1. INTRODUCTION
The higher education system plays a vital in the social and economic development of a nation. Higher education has formed a continued a continuum and a basic for the progress of human society. Education not only inculcates social, economic and culture awareness but is also an importance medium for enhancing values among the human beings.
History has established beyond doubt, thecrucial role played by human sources in the development of nation and education has been universe rally recognized as one of the basic requirements for human development.
After independence, India has witnessed major changes in the area of higher education.
1.1 Globalization
The globalization is not a new, but an old age concept which was first introduced by Adam smith in the year 1776 through the book title “wealth of Nation” he argued that a country as a whole would gain by having trade relations with other countries. Globalization is a process of
promoting and enhancing
interconnectedness among individuals, groups, institutions, companies and countries brought about by technological, economic and political changes.
Capital, technology, management and information are globalized i.e., organized across national boundaries. The strategic core activities including innovation, finance and institutional management function on a planetary scale on real time.
The globalization is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon and for the foreseeable future will continue to be a major trend effecting all spheres and levels of society.
1.2 Impact of Globalization on Educational objectives
1. The aim of Self - Learning:- preparing students for learning from the other sources of information.
2. The aim of Teamwork:- with the globalization, teamwork will be the most wanted competency in the future.
3. The aim of Synthesis:- students need to adapt the skills of synthesis of knowledge with the increase of information of the world.
4. The aim of Linking Learning:- variety 0f information on the same topics and the ocean of information demands linking learning.
But there are also real opportunities for India to get benefitted significantly from the global revolution in higher education.
To do so, the country requires major policy, reforms in the way Indian universities are structured, funded and regulated. It will also require closer interactions between Indian industries, especially the growing technology-based sector and Indian universities. And as a whole, it will require new globally oriented and entrepreneurial style of leadership.
1.3 Globalization in Higher Education In the era of globalization, there are major goals of universities in case of developing countries:-
1. Making the economy globally competitive by training students for employment in knowledge to private business.
2. Promoting social inclusion by enhancing opportunities for a wider section of society to obtain higher education in some from whenever they require it with a focus on science and technology.
3. Changing social structure in response to the needs of time.
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4. Assisting in the process of economicdevelopment, particularly of countrywide where vast majority of people live.
5. Establishing close links with their culture and traditions.
2. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
According to Abhijit Bora- Title of Higher Education in India:- in search of a solution to issues of equity, inclusive education, quality, globalization, sustainable educational services. The major point to focus is how to create generation of quality human resources in future in which case simply opening up of the higher education sector to global players is not the only feasible solution.
According to prof. Rachel k. Daniel &
prof.p.sam Daniel:- Title of issue on globalization and Indian higher education.
The new aims of education could be fulfilled with the changes and modification in education policies.The emphasis of new policies should be uni- culturisation synthetization and globalization of education.
Certain prerequisites are a must if globalization in education is to be truly effective:-
1. Emphasis on quality of manpower 2. Infrastructure facility
3. State intervention 4. Value addition
5. Cross-country Accreditation and Recognition
6. Faculty positions 7. Selective approach
8. Role of international agencies.
3. CHALLENGES
3.1 Globalization- A Ground Reality It is estimated that around 2.5 million students, several researchers, degrees and universities moving about the globe freely there is pressing need for international benchmarks and standards to property evaluate unfamiliar foreign qualifications are not reached easily.
The world trade organization (WTO) secretariat in sept.1998 has mentioned that with the rapid changes in higher education also exists as a private
consumption item with a price determined freely by the providing institution. These statements here give up a preliminary and basic idea about the importance as well as lack of alternative means for globalization in the higher education sector in the country as part of a globally.
Evolving phenomenon over the last about one decade.
3.2 Education as a Consumer Service It is an accepted fact that today people are already living up to a lifestyle that reflects different aspects of globalization to a great extent both in our individual and social life. As a result, people things and services to be global standard in every field and consider themselves as
„consumer‟ of those services. This becomes a question of „survival of the fittest‟ in the final analysis and those who would provide better quality services would remain in the market.
Two of the strategic and long-term questions that globalization poses to the higher education system are:-
1. Commodification – the use of knowledge as a purchasable and saleable good.
2. Alternative providers „with profit motive of higher education‟s landscape that are engaged in the transmission of knowledge using information and communication Technologies.
Thus, accepting this as a positive challenge there is enough scope for the institution of higher education in the country to task stock of their situation and gear up for meeting the challenges proffered by the external institution.
3.3 International institution
On the other hand, there is also a flip side to the issue. That is, what about ensuring the quality of the institution coming from outside for providing education. This is because it would not be very wise to expert HEIs with a high reputation to their credit would come and set up their campuses here so many different reasons.
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4. CONCLUSIONIn India, higher education was traditionally looked after the government but in view of lack of resources to meet increasing demand, private sector and foreign universities has been allowed to share the responsibility. The country has a well-developed educational set up in terms of range of programs and their acceptability in local industry, but it lacks in terms of international quality standards.
System - wide higher education reform and incremental approach to liberalization of higher education may help India to take advantages of opportunities in the new global environment. Policy makers in India might have to be concerned with increasing adult participation in continuing education and training, particularly in relation to enhanced employability. It is expected to facilities new international orders centering on lifelong learning and the learning society.
Globalization, as a process no doubt has given importance to decentralization educational governance and control. The viewed decentralization as a way to increase efficiency by giving more responsibility to local level functionaries, which in turn is expected to increase motivation and accountability.
Further it is traying to involve the local community in the very planning and decision-making process of education and making them responsible for “the state of the art”.
5. SUGGESTIONS
In the changing context of emergence of knowledge economy, higher education institution needs to embrace the concept of lifelong education and training. The functional character of higher education should imply and support the technological society by producing knowledge workers. This requires that the institution should prepare them for addressing the issues of quality education.
In India, higher education was traditionally looked after by the
government, but in view of lack of resources to meet the increasing demand, private sector has been allowed to share the responsibility. Higher education institutions managed by private sector emphasize more on commercial aspect than creation of knowledge which leads to deterioration of quality of education.
The councils and government bodies responsible for quality assurance do not have internationally match able quality norms on one hand and an effective system to monitor and control violation of the existing norms by the institutions on the other. Future, the political parties manipulate the issue of access and equity in higher education for their vested political interest rather than taking the right steps to enhance the quality of higher education.
As a result, who can afford the high cost of higher education look forward for the opportunities abroad while he others have to compromise with sub- standard education. If India has to emerge as preferred location for higher in the globalization in the globalizing world it will have to develop a national policy to address the challenges of sub-standard quality, ineffective systems of monitoring and control, redtapism in growth and development and political interference.
REFERENCES
1. All India council of Technical education (AICTE) website,2012
2. Agrawal Pawan (2006). Higher education in India: the need for change. New Delhi, India:
Indian council for Research on international economic relations.
3. Piar Chand, Yogesh Gupte, Meenakshi sodden and Sanjeev Kumar, 2007: impact of globalization on higher education in India.
University news,45 (46), New Delhi.
4. C. lokanaadha reddy and k. mythily2007, universalities and extension in the context of globalization, university news 45(18), New Delhi.
5. Federation of Indian chamber of commerce and industry (FICCI) higher education summit.2012 report Higher education in India. Twenty-five-year plans (2012-17) and beyond.
6. University grants commission, New Delhi.
7. Annual report ministry of human resource development.
