4 ANIMAL INTRUSION DETECTOR AND REPELLENT (AID-R)
Anuj Soni, Arpit Kumar Mahule, Ashwani Shukla, Shreya Tiwari, Deepak Kumar Soni Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Gyan Ganga Institute of Technology and Sciences, Jabalpur, M.P, India 482003 Abstract - There has been a constant advancement in the field of science and technology, yet there is no effective, harmless and non-lethal, solution to repel intruding animals on the farmland. This paper focuses on the prevention of crop loss due to animal intrusion and reducing man-animal conflict. The purpose of the is to design a device that detects intrusions and repels intruding animals. Such a device is very useful to counter the various problems caused by wild boars, sambar, elephants, monkeys and other intruding animals.
The device is very portable, cost-effective and can also use renewable power. We have incorporated various defence systems to deter intruding animals. The intrusion is detected by a laser sensor that sends the signal to a microcontroller which activates defence systems.
Keywords: Animal repellent, intrusion detector, farmland.
1 INTRODUCTION
Animal intrusion in farmland is a major issue, especially in areas closer to a forest. This problem has been affecting farmers for a very long time. Farmers lose their high yielding produce which affects their annual income. The primitive solutions farmer use are not very effective and thus despite putting in efforts they end up incurring losses. Also, many techniques used by farmers like electric fences, explosives, traps etc. are often lethal to animals resulting in serious injuries and even death. To overcome the problem there is an immediate need for an intelligent intrusion detector and repellent that can function automatically.
The approach used here is to use a laser sensor to mark the periphery of the farm.
As soon as the animal crosses the boundary the circuit gets broken the microcontroller activates the defence systems which acts simultaneously to deter intruding animal. Other usual methods used for intrusion detection are Electric fences, artificial repellent, acoustic systems (Jeevitha & Dr.
Venkatesh Kumar, 2020).
The defence systems are made to induce fear in animals and thus they focus on replicating actions taken by humans to scare away animals. The defence system includes LED chips with a reflector that produces a strobe effect.
Along with that, speakers are attached to play specially designed sound effects to replicate human actions. The effects consist of the dog barking, man shouting, rustling of bushes, gunshot and
firecracker sounds etc. A large number of sound effects can be played on the system as a measure to prevent animals from getting used to the sound. The entire system is mounted on a specially designed tripod stand to make it portable and easy to mount anywhere. Portability is the key factor to consider here since a farmer may want to move the device due to various reasons like weather, change in intrusion hotspots, type of crop, season etc. The tripod stand is designed to minimize wobble and increase stability even in harsh weather conditions. This method of repelling animals is non-lethal and effective. It does not kill or injure animals or humans. This device aims to repel animals that cause significant crop loss like elephants, Gaur, Sambar, and Wild Boar (Prof. Sarala D, 2021).
2 CHARACTERISTICS OF AID-R
AID-R has many advantages over traditional methods used by farmers and other devices available for the purpose.
Some of the salient features of AID-R are as follows:
Portability and compactness: The entire system is mounted over a tripod stand which can be easily set up at any desired location.
Power-efficient: The device operates at a 15W battery and Solar PV generated power can be used for power supply.
Cost: The cost of the project is low and almost any farmer can afford it also it has the potential to save so
5 much more than it costs by
preventing crop losses.
Simple Design: The device is designed by keeping in mind the harsh conditions it has to operate in.
Little to no maintenance: In case of damage the parts can be replaced easily.
Non-lethal: It does not injure or kill the animal or human but can still effectively do the task.
3 PROBLEM FORMULATION
Crop damage caused by the animal attack is one of the major threats to reducing crop yield. The farm areas near the forest edges are prominently affected by wild animal attacks. Life habitat damage is also one of the major issues farmers face due to animal intrusion. According to statistical data, on average one person is killed every day due to human-wildlife conflict. In response to that, locals do adopt preventive techniques such as illegal installations of electric fencing, and trenches to protect their fields and livestock from wild animal attacks. These solutions have been proved not just temporary but highly unsafe for both wild animals and farmers. Around 1300 wild animals died due to electrocution in India over a decade (between 2010-2020) which included over 500 elephants, 220 flamingos, 150 leopards, and 46 tigers (Laton & Mohammed). In 2017, the state of Maharashtra recorded over 21 tiger deaths which were supposed to be the highest figure in the decade. Out of these 21 reported deaths, six tigers were electrocuted purposely making this an issue of concern. Around 60% of elephant deaths are caused due to electrocution, and few elephant calves do get trapped in trenches losing their lives. According to the survey carried out in (Saxena, Gupta,
& Singh, 2021), most wild animal fatality cases are kept unreported/unattended for months showing the overall negligence of the forest department. Even though the government performed numerous drives to eradicate illegal fences to control the overall fatality rate the cases have still occurred and to some extent are kept unreported. This shows that humans and animals both share losses equally.
As per the data pertaining to 10 states released by the Union Minister, Tamil Nadu comes second only to Andhra Pradesh in the number of incidents relating to human-animal conflict. While Andhra Pradesh recorded 7,589 incidents, in which crops on 5,543 acres of land were damaged, the extent of crop damage in Tamil Nadu was not available.
Crops damaged across India declined from 29,989 hectares in 2010 to 19,962 hectares in 2012, according to the government. Crops damaged in 2012 were 81 sq. km, equivalent to an area roughly a fourth the size of Surat. Bihar, one of five states that applied for permission after the environment ministry invited culling proposals in December 2015, reported four times more crop damage from wildlife incursions into farms over two years to 2012. There were no data available for the other four states that applied to culling animals.
4 NEED ANALYSIS
The animal intrusion prevention method is a traditional method that requires human support where a person physically threatens the animal to prevent them not to entering the farm field and in the case of electrical fencing it has its own disadvantages such as the usage of heavy voltage. Due to high electricity animals are hurt widely and it does not only affect wild animals but is also dangerous to the pet animals and even human beings. The electric fences are used for preventing the crops but in the existing method, a camera was used for detecting the animals which is economically not feasible. The indication is available in the system but it sends the message only to the forest officer, not to the living people in the farmland. Our aim to replace existing methods to prevent intrusion from the latest new methods of using animal repellent. It is eco-friendly by using solar energy to power the system.
Using the latest technology animal repellent reduces the loss to be done by wild animals every year, encouraging the farmers to produce more food as farmer’s income increases. This automated animal repellent method has been alternatively advocated as the best and most efficient way to reduce the intrusion of wild animals in farmer’s fields as it is also a
6 hassle-free and cost-effective method to
stop the intrusion.
An electronic automated animal repellent is a device that runs on motion sensors or other intrusion detection methods. These are the devices that produce various high and low-frequency sounds to stop the intrusion. These sounds are those which cause fear to the animals from a particular place. Various studies show that these devices are capable of preventing the intrusion of most of the animals which intrude into the field. The motion is first detected and activates the sound mechanism. Sounds with a specific frequency by tweeters and woofers are emitted so that it is easily hearable by the animals at a distance so that they do not intrude into the area.
By using this method crops damage can be prevented without lethal ways and also animal lives can be saved cost-effectively. With farmers being aware and enthusiastic to take plant protection measures, replacing conventional methods with electronic animal repellents can be an effective intrusion surveillance service and a major sustainable agricultural approach.
5 DESIGN APPROACH
A laser beam switch (range 30m) is used to mark the periphery of the farm. As the animal enters the farmland the switch sends the signal to the ESP8266 microcontroller which triggers the defence mechanism. An appropriate frequency range piezoelectric tweeter for high- frequency sound and woofer for low- frequency sound is used. An audio playback kit along with an audio amplifier is used. The sound effects to be used are pre-designed in the sound editing software Audacity. By applying the principle of the Doppler effect, the sound effect creates a sense that the source is moving closer and closer (Ahrens, Jens, &
Spors, 2008). The individual sound effects used were under a creative commons license. A 10-watt LED chip and Torch Reflector cone along with Electrolytic Capacitor produce the strobe effect to startle intruding animals. The tripod stand is designed in such a manner to keep its centre of gravity low and above the base support to minimize the possibility of it tipping over and thus
increasing stability.
6 PARTS AND SPECIFICATIONS 1. ESP8266 microcontroller 2. Laser Beam Switch (30 m) 3. Piezoelectric tweeter 4. Woofer
5. LM 7805 audio amplifier 6. 10-watt LED chip
7. Torch Reflector Cone 8. Electrolytic Capacitor 9. Jumper pins, Header pins 10. Battery 12V
7 ANIMAL INTRUSION DETECTOR AND REPELLENT
AID-R uses ESP8266 microcontroller to activate defence systems. It also uses a laser switch to detect intrusions thus making it very accurate and efficient.
Figure 1. Depicts the block diagram of the entire process and figure 2. Depicts the early design of AID-R. It is very effective compared to other devices claiming to serve a similar purpose.
Figure 1 Block Diagram depicting working of AID-R
Figure 2 Initial phase design of AID-R 8 CONCLUSION
The problem of damaging crops by wild animals has become a major social problem in the current time. It requires urgent attention and an effective solution.
7 Thus, this project carries great social
relevance as it aims to address this problem. The proposed system based on IoT is found to be more compact, user friendly and less complex, which can readily be used to perform several tedious and repetitive tasks. In this project, the process is fully automated and it does not cause any hurt to the animal during repellent. The future scope of this project is to identify animals using image processing and use smell aversion as a defence mechanism.
REFERENCES
1. Jeevitha, S., & Kumar, V. (2020). A review of animal intrusion detection system. Int. J.
Eng. Res. Technol, 9(5), 1219-1221.
2. Sarala, D. (2021). Machine learning based wild animal intrusion detection system in field. Journal of Research Proceedings, 1(1), 73-85.
3. Ahrens, J., & Spors, S. (2008, May).
Reproduction of moving virtual sound sources with special attention to the doppler effect. In Audio Engineering Society Convention 124.
Audio Engineering Society.
4. Patil, H., & Ansari, N. (2021). Automated Wild-Animal Intrusion Detection and Repellent System Using Artificial Intelligence of Things. Available at SSRN 3867275.
5. Saxena, A., Gupta, D. K., & Singh, S. (2021).
An animal detection and collision avoidance system using deep learning. In Advances in Communication and Computational Technology (pp. 1069-1084). Springer, Singapore.
6. Laton, M. Z., & Mohammed, A. A. Wildlife species commonly involved in the WVC and roadkill along the roadway in plantation area.
7. Santhiya, S., Dhamodharan, Y., Priya, N. E.
K., Santhosh, C. S., & Surekha, M. (2018). A smart farmland using Raspberry Pi crop prevention and animal intrusion detection system. Int. Res. J. Eng. Technol.
8. Patil, H., & Ansari, N. (2021). Automated Wild-Animal Intrusion Detection and Repellent System Using Artificial Intelligence of Things. Available at SSRN 3867275.
