View of NATURAL WEED AS POTENTIAL FOR BIOPOLYTHENE

(1)

ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 2.104 (ISSN NO. 2456-1037) Vol.03, Issue 09, Conference (IC-RASEM) Special Issue 01, September 2018 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

1

NATURAL WEED AS POTENTIAL FOR BIOPOLYTHENE Mrs. Snehlata Hada¹, Dr. Ashutosh Shukla²

Research Scholar, Department of Chemistry SVVV/Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Sciences Christian Eminent College Indore¹

Professor and HOD, Department of Chemistry SVVV, Indore² Email: [email protected]¹, [email protected]²

Abstract— Parthenium hysterophorus (carrot Grass) refer to Lignocellulosic biomass .Expansion of sustainable energy systems based on renewable biomass feedstock’s is now a global effort. Lignocellulosic biomass contains polymers of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, bound together in a complex structure. Lignocelluloses refer to plant dry stuff (biomass). It is the most richly accessible raw material on the Earth for the manufacture of bio-ethanol. It is composed of carbohydrate polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses), and an aromatic polymer (lignin). These carbohydrate polymers contain various sugar monomers (six and five carbon sugars) and they are tightly bound to lignin.

Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that ingenuously colonizes disturbed sites.

Inhabitant to southern United States, Mexico and Central and South America, it has been by accident introduced into several countries and has become a serious agricultural weed in parts of Australia, Asia, Africa and the Pacific Islands, also India.It grows on any type of earth and in a wide range of habitats. It affects the production of crops, animals, human and animal health, and biodiversity. P. hysterophorus being Lignocellulosic mass can be utilize as a potential for the production of ethanol and then ethylene.

Key words; Parthenium hysterophorus, Polymers, Ethanol, Ethyle 1. INTRODUCTION

Most of the biomass contain Lignocellulose, that is a renewable source and in large quantities available with great latent for bioconversion to value-added bio-products.

General name of Parthenium hysterophorus L.Is carrot weed; chatak chandani; gazar ghas; osadi P. hysterophorus is an upright, much-branched with strong development tendency, fragrant, yearly (or a short-Lived perennial), herbaceous plant with a deep taproot. The species reproduces by seed.This Lignocellulosic biomass,can be fermented to ethanol.since ,Biomass is derieved from plants life ,thus is free from carbon .The ignition of lignocellulosic ethanol produces no net carbon dioxide into the earth’s atmosphere.P. hysterophorus being Lignocellulosic mass can be utlize as a potential for the production of ethanol and then ethylene.

2. MATERIAL AND METHOD

2.1 Ethelene production technologies To obtain Bio ethelene following steps is proposed:

• Preparation of row material

• Pretreatment of row Material

• Saccharification of Pretreated

• Substance

• Fermentation of sugar to alcohol

• Product separation/ distillation

• Dehydration of ethanol

• Ethylene

2.2 Raw Material Preparation

Carrot grass was obtained from the field of agriculture college, Indore. It was air dried and chopped into small size (2–5 cm), and was stored in an airtight polyethylene bag at room temperature for further use.

2.3 Pretreatment of row material Pretreatment is required to modify the biomass structure so that hydrolysis of carbohydrate portion to monomeric sugars can be achieved more quickly and with superior yields (Sun and Cheng, 2002;

Moiser et al., 2005).Pretreatment affects the structure of biomass by solubilizing hemicelluloses, dropping crystallinity and raise the accessible surface area and pore volume of the substrate.

2.4 Alkali pretreatment

In this process of alkali pretreatment, addition of bases to biomass is done this improve up inside surface by swelling, a decrease of polymerization degree and crystallinity, destruction of links among lignin and other polymers, and lignin breakdown (Badiei et al. 2014 ) NaOH or KOH are mainly reported chemicals used in alkaline pretreatment, in thisprocess

(2)

2 conditions are relatively mild but reaction times can be long (Harmsen et al. 2010).

2.5 Saccharification of Pretreated Substance

After hydrolysis, enzyme yeast was added to the mixture, and was left for 40 days .After Fermentation, mixture was filtered and the filtrate is subjected to distillation .The distillate is Checked for the presence of ethanol.

By fermentation, one mole of glucose, get converts to two mole of alcohol and two mole of carbon dioxide.

C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 Ethanol is extracted from the filtrate and is subjected to gas chromatography, the result as reported by shreeji lab, Indore is as under.

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Gas chromatography

Gas chromatography - specifically gas-liquid chromatography - involves a sample being vaporized and injected onto the head of the chromatographic column. The sample is transported through the column by the flow of inert, gaseous mobile phase. The column itself contains a liquid stationary phase which is adsorbed onto the surface of an inert solid.

3.2 Chromatogram of Standard Solution Absorbance

3.3 Absorbance

The filtrate is light yellow color liquid and is scanned to 200-400nm. Maximum absorbance is taken at 344nm. Fluctuation observed during Absorbance between 1.536-

1.665.reading not stable hence average absorbance is reported as 1.005nm.

3.4 Transmittance

Fluctuation observed during Transmittance between 2.2-2.9%. Hence readings were not stable hence average Transmittance is reported as 2.55%.

3.5 Chromatogram of Test Solution

Peak Table Test Solution

Peak s

Name Retentio n Time

Area Area Percenta ge

Resoulati on

1 Ethan

ol

1.658 2101008 22

100.00

Total 2101008

22

100.0

Peak Table Test Solution

4. CONCLUSION

Reports suggest that distillate contain 24 percent of ethanol .Thus Lignocellulosic biomass like Parthenium hysterophorus could be a source of ethanol that could be used for further production of bioethelene.This then polymerizes to polythene. By the production of biopolythene ,environment could be protected ,as it eradicate the harmful carrot grass from farmer field as well as easily decomposed to save soil fertility thus help in sustainable development.

Peaks Name Retention

Time Area Area

Percentage Resol ution

1 1.250 1795 12.870

2 1.352 168 1.204 1.614

3 Ethanol 1.574 3293 23.616 2.528

4 3.428 3597 25.797 10.12

9

5 7.809 2316 16.607 24.50

5

6 12.441 2776 19.907 24.08

4

Total 13944 100.00

(3)

3 REFERENCE

1. Agbor VB, Cicek N, Sparling R, Berlin A, Levin DB. Biomass pretreatment: fundamentals toward application. Biotechnol Adv.

2011;29:675–685. doi:

10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005.

2. Badiei M, Asim N, Jahim JM, Sopian K.

Comparison of chemical pretreatment methods for cellulosic biomass. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2014;9:170–174.

3. Barakat A, Mayer C, Solhy A, Arancon RAD, De Vries H, Luque R, Barakat A, Mayer C, Solhy A, Arancon RAD, De Vries H.

Mechanical pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass: towards facile and environmentally sound technologies for biofuels production.

RSC Adv. 2014;4:48109–48127. doi:

10.1039/C4RA07568D.

4. Binder JB, Raines RT. Fermentable sugars by chemical hydrolysis of biomass. PNAS.

2010;2010:1–6.

5. Cheng JJ, Timilsina GR. Status and barriers of advanced biofuel technologies: a review.

Renew Energy. 2011;36:3541–3549. doi:

10.1016/j.renene.2011.04.031.

6. Chum HL, Johnson DK, Black SK, Overend RP. Pretreatment-catalyst effects and the combined severity parameter. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 1990; 24(25):1–14. doi:

10.1007/BF02920229.

7. Duff SJB, Murrayh WD. Bioconversion of forest products industry waste cellulosic to fuel ethanol: a review. Bioresour Technol.

1996;55:1–33. doi: 10.1016/0960- 8524(95)00122-0.

8. Fu S, Shi X, Wang F, Yuan X, Guo R-B.

Comparison of thermophilic microaerobic and alkali pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for anaerobic digestion. RSC Adv. 2015;5:63903–

63908. doi: 10.1039/C5RA10717B.

9. Fu SF, He S, Shi XS, Katukuri NR, Dai M, Guo R-B. The chemical properties and microbial community characterization of the thermophilic microaerobic pretreatment process. Bioresour Technol. 2015;198:497–

502. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.029.

10. Fu SF, Shi XS, Xu XH, Wang CS, Wang L, Dai M, Guo R-B. Secondary thermophilic microaerobic treatment in the anaerobic

digestion of corn straw. Bioresour Technol.

2015;186:321–324. doi:

10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.053.

11. Fu SF, Wang F, Yuan XZ, Yang ZM, Luo SJ, Wang CS, Guo R-B. The thermophilic (55 °C) microaerobic pretreatment of corn straw for anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol.

2015;175:203–208. doi:

10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.072.

12. Fu SF, Wang F, Shi XS, Guo R-B. Impacts of microaeration on the anaerobic digestion of corn straw and the microbial community structure. Chem Eng J. 2016;287:523–528.

doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.11.070.

13. Galema SA. Microwave chemistry. Chem Soc

Rev. 1997;26:233–238. doi:

10.1039/cs9972600233.

14. González G, Urrutia H, Roeckel M, Aspe E.

Protein hydrolysis under anaerobic, saline conditions in presence of acetic acid. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2005;157:151–157. doi:

10.1002/jctb.1165.

15. Guizhuan X, Shuaiyao F, Xinfeng W, Daomeng T, Bailiang Z. Anaerobic fermentation characteristic of green corn straw pretreated by steam explosion. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng. 2012;28:205–210.

16. Harmsen P, Huijgen W, Bermudez L, Bakker R (2010) Literature review of physical and chemical pretreatment processes for lignocellulosic biomass. Report no. 1184, pp 1–49.

17. Hendriks ATWM, Zeeman G. Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresouce Technol. 2009;100:10–

18. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.05.027.

18. Herrmann C, Heiermann M, Idler C, Prochnow A. Particle size reduction during harvesting of crop feedstock for biogas production I: effects on ensiling process and methane yields.

Bioenergy Res. 2012;5:926–936. doi:

10.1007/s12155-012-9206-2.

19. 19. 19. Jacobsen SE, Wyman CE. Cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis models for application to current and novel pretreatment processes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol.

2000;84–86:81–96. doi: 10.1385/ABAB:84- 86:1-9:81.