ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN NO. 2456-1037
Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
Vol. 07, Issue 04,April 2022 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 12 PROJECT ON: CHAINLESS BI-CYCLE
Sudhanshu Atkare, (Guided)
Aniket Giri Goswami, Gaurav Singh, Aditya Upadhyay, Lucky Yadav, Ajinkya Phatak Abstract- This project is developed for the users to rotate the rear wheel of a two wheeler using propeller shaft. Power transmission through chain drive is the oldest and widest used method in case of bicycle. In this paper we implemented the chainless transmission to the bicycle to overcome the various disadvantages of chain drive. Shaft drives were introduced over a century ago, but were mostly supplanted by chain-driven bicycles due to the gear ranges possible with sprockets and derailleur. Recently, due to advancements in internal gear technology, a small number of modern shaft-driven bicycles have been introduced.
Usually in two wheelers, chain and sprocket method is used to drive the back wheel. The shaft drive only needs periodic lubrication using a grease gun to keep the gears running quiet and smooth. A shaft driven bicycle is a bicycle that uses a shaft drive instead of a chain which contain two set of roller bearing at both the ends to make a new kind of transmission system for bicycle for getting high reliability system, and more safe system.
Shaft-driven bikes have a pinion style drive shaft system where a conventional bike would have its chain ring. Pinion meshes with another roller bearing mounted on the drive shaft.
The use of roller bearing allows the axis of the drive torque from the pedals to be turned through 90 degrees. The drive shaft then has another roller bearing near the rear wheel hub which meshes with a pinion on the hub where the rear sprocket would be on a conventional bike, and cancelling out the first drive torque change of axis. ∙ According to the direction of motion of pedal, the wheel will be moved forward or reverse. This avoids the usage of chain and sprocket method. This “chainless” drive system provides smooth, quite and efficient transfer of energy from the pedals to the rear wheel. It is attractive in look compare with chain driven bicycle. It replaces the traditional method.
1 INTRODUCTION
A shaft-driven bicycle is a bicycle that uses a drive shaft instead of a chain to transmit power from the pedals to the rear wheel. Shaft drives were introduced over a century ago, but were mostly supplanted by chain-driven bicycles due to the gear ranges possible with sprockets and derailleur. If roller bearing could be accurately and cheaply made by machinery, it is possible that bearing of this description might supplant, to a great extent. The pinion drive shaft system eliminates eight points of chain sliding friction and replaces it with just two points of higher-efficiency bearing rolling friction. Shaft-driven bikes have a roller and pinion where a conventional bike would have its chain ring. Pinion meshes with the roller bearing provided at the rear side of shaft. The use of roller and pinion allows the axis of the drive torque from the pedals to be turned through 90degrees. The drive shaft then has another roller bearing near the rear wheel hub which meshes with a pinion on the hub where the rear sprocket would be on a conventional bike, and cancelling out the first drive torque change of axis. An automotive drive shaft transmits power
from the engine to the differential gear of a rear wheel drive vehicle. The drive shaft is usually manufactured in two pieces to increase the fundamental bending natural frequency because the bending natural frequency of a shaft is inversely proportional to the square of beam length and proportional to the square root of specific modulus which increases the total weight of an automotive vehicle and decreases fuel efficiency. So, a single piece drive shaft is preferred here and the material of it is considered to be Titanium alloy because of its high strength and low density. Drive shafts are carriers of torque and are subject to torsion and shear stress, equivalent to the difference between the input torque and the load.
They must therefore be strong enough to bear the stress, whilst avoiding too much additional weight as that would in turn increase their inertia.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
A traditional derailleur system has 8 points of 'sliding' friction while their new system has two points of 'rolling' friction which leads to a 49% reduction in friction. A weight reduction of 10-15% is
ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN NO. 2456-1037
Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
Vol. 07, Issue 04,April 2022 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 13 also expected. A revolutionary drive train
concept that sets new standards in efficiency and eliminates the need for derailleur and chains. To achieve ultimate efficiency, Driven utilizes 21 Ceramic Speed hybrid bearings. Each bearing contains unique ceramic balls that are 58% lighter and 2.3 times harder than traditional steel, increasing the speed of the bearing by 30-50%. Each bearing works in harmony to deliver greater power, playing a pivotal role in performance and speed. CHAINLESS BICYCLE Driven sets a new benchmark in drive train technology, increasing optimal efficiency to 99% and creating 49% less friction than market leaders. Unlike traditional drive train systems, Driven eliminates friction caused by the articulation of a chain due to its innovative pinion drive shaft design.
2.1 Objectives of Dynamic Bicycle a) Increase durability of bicycle with the
help of shaft drive.
b) Reduce maintenance cost of bicycle.
c) Increase power transmission efficiency of the bicycle and makes system more reliable.
3 METHODOLOGY
The Driven concept uses ceramic ball bearings to engage teeth on a flat cassette to convert a pedal stroke by the cyclist to drive the rear wheel. The bearings roll through the teeth and therefore, create zero sliding friction. The system gets its efficiency gain from replacing the 8 points of sliding friction in a standard derailleur system, with 2 points of rolling friction.
They say the system is around 49% more efficient than a standard derailleur system. Weight gains have been achieved in the process of removing components such as the chain and derailleur but are replaced by batteries and shafts, they say this could be 15-20% lighter than a standard setup. CHAINLESS BICYCLE To change the overall gear ratio (usually done by replacing the front chainring with a different number of teeth) they envisage a quick release method of replacing the entire carbon fibre axle (electronics and all) with a different ratio between the front and rear bearing pinions. The current design has 8 bearings at the front and 11 at the back to create a mechanical advantage. Because the cassette is flat
and doesn't rely on a chain moving up and down the gears, in theory, the cassette could have any number of gears (up to the diameter of the wheel!). So how would it shift? CHAINLESS BICYCLE This is the question I asked myself as soon as I saw the concept online. Yes, it can drive a wheel on a single gear ratio but I couldn't find any video of it changing gear. There is a cut-away section of inside the carbon fiber tube which contains a battery, wireless electronics, motor and linear actuator. The principle of the bearing pinion sliding fore and aft up and down the gears works in principle but in reality, this is extremely difficult to achieve without stripping the gear's teeth. They say it uses 'shift channels' where the bearing pinion is able to jump between gears at several points in the rotation.
This would be interesting to see how it wears when changing gear under torque.
For this to work, the system will need to index itself and know where the 'shift channels' are in relation to the bearings.
4 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Firstly the project was unable to complete wit the drive shaft due to various problems around circumference of the bicycle later on this was realized to run successfully with two bevel gear at both of the drive shaft the presented work was aimed to reduce the wastage of human power on bicycle riding or machine which employ drive shaft; in general it is achieved by using light weight drive shaft with bevel gear on both side designed on replacing chain transmission. The presented work also deals with optimization i.e. converting rotary motion in linear motion with aid of two bevel gear. Instead of chain drive one piece drive shall for rear wheel drive bicycle have been optimally designed and manufacture for easily power transmission the drive shaft with the objective of minimizing of weight of shaft which was subjected to minimization of weight of shaft which was subjected to the constraints such as torque transmission , torsion buckling capacity , stress distribution and the maximum deformation in the drive shaft are the function of stacking of material the optimum stacking of material layers can be used as the effective tool to reduce weight and stress acting on the drive
ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal, ISSN NO. 2456-1037
Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE
Vol. 07, Issue 04,April 2022 IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) 14 shaft. The design of drive shaft is critical
as it is subjected to combined loads .the designer has two options for designing the drive shaft whether to select slid or hollow shaft. the solid shaft gives a maximum value of torque transmission but at same time due to increase in weight of shaft for a given weight the hollow shaft is stronger because it has a bigger diameter due to less weight and less bending moment . The results obtained from this work is an useful appropriate to help in the earlier stage of the development time and helping in the decision making process to optimize design.
5 FUTURE SCOPE
The Driven system maintains its superior efficiency levels at these racing power outputs and continues leading the efficiency curve well beyond 1000+ watts.
This drivetrain is perfect for a wide range of applications, from time trial bicycles to track, triathlon, e-bikes and even commuting bicycles. And even can develop for the smoother transmission of the power in tricycle used by especially able people. Options for Driven can include, a double row ball bearings (further increasing the efficiency levels), a more optimized, possibly asymmetrical tooth design, material testing (advanced lighter and durable materials for the rear cog and front ring). The patent includes the possibility for a power meter inclusion inside the shaft and a compact shroud can encapsulate the entire drivetrain to protect from mud, rain, and contamination
REFERENCES
1. file:///I:/Wild%20CeramicSpeed%20Driven%
2013-
speed%20drivetrain%20concept%20shifts%20 with%20no%20derailleur%20-
%20Bikerumor.html
2. file:///I:/Ceramic%20Speed_%20A%20Pivot
%20REVOLUTION!.mhtml 3. file:///I:/Ball%20bearing%20-
%20Wikipedia.mhtml
4. https://www.ceramicspeed.com/en/
5. https://www.mechanical-farm.com/
6. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/we-take- closer-look-ceramicspeed-driven-conceptask- work-tomparson
