View of SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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ACCENT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS ECOLOGY & ENGINEERING

Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal IMPACT FACTOR: 7.98 (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL) Vol. 04, Issue 12, December 2019 Available Online: www.ajeee.co.in/index.php/AJEEE

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Dr. Lata Sharma

Asst. Professor (Physics), Govt. Model Degree College, Kapoori Govindpur, Saharanpur (U.P.)

Dr. Renu Rani

Asst. Professor (Botany), Govt. Model Degree College, Kapoori Govindpur, Saharanpur (U.P.)

If there is any sludge garbage and refuse, chemical form are exerted in the form of gaseous solid, semi-solid, from commercial, house hold and industrial areas and badly affect our daily life, ecological parameter and damage soil fertility, are called solid waste. These wastes are converted in non-harmful substances which do not harm our daily life and environment. In other words these are harmful excretory or not biodegradable substances. Solid wastes are of various type may be solid, semi- solid, gaseous of liquid material.

Solid waste management: Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining and agricultural operations, and from community activities, but does not

include solid or dissolved materials in domestic sewage or solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial discharges that are point sources.

In simple words – Solid waste are any discarded or abandoned materials.

Solid wastes can be solid, liquid, semi- solid or containerized gaseous material.

1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

It is a technique and a process, which is used to define how the solid waste is collected and is treated. In this process recycling materials such as trash or garbage are treated. Due to increasing the crowd of population day by day, solid wastes collection and its settlement is also a big problem now a days. To remove solid wastes from residential areas and also from industrial areas requires a systematic management, which should be so effective that our environment should not suffer by its negative effects and it should remain non-polluted.

2 KINDS OF SOLID WASTES

Source Typical Waste Generators Types of Solid Wastes Solid wastes from

Residential areas Single and multifamily dwellings Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, yard, wastes, wood, glass, metals, ashes, special wastes (e.g. bulky items, consumer electronics, white goods, battries, oil, tires), and household hazardous wastes.

Institutional Schools, hospitals, prisons,

government centers. Paper, Electronics, Plastics, Cardboard Construction and

demolition New construction sites, road repair, renovation sites, demolition of buildings.

Wood, steel, concrete, dirt etc.

Municipal services Street cleaning, landscaping, parks, beaches, other recreational areas, water and wastewater treatment plants.

House hold garbage, wastes from garden, parks sea shores and other picnic spot.

Process (Manufacturing, etc.)

Manufacturing based acidic of alkaline chemicals, hazardous excretions and wastes.

Industrial process wastes, scrap materials, off- specification products, slay, tailings.

Agriculture Harmful pesticides, insecticide and other chemical, Crops, orchards, vineyards, dairies, farms

Spoiled food wastes, agricultural wastes, hazardous, wastes (e.g.

pesticides)

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2 3 BIOMEDICAL WASTE

Biomedical waste, also known as infectious waste or medical waste, is defined as solid waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or production of biological products for humans or animals. Biomedical waste includes syrings, live vaccines, laboratory samples, body parts, bodily fluids and waste, sharp needles, cultures and lancets.

4 BENEFICIAL ACHIEVEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT OF WASTES

Municipal solid wastes heap up on the roads due to improper disposal system.

People clean their own houses and litter their immediate surroundings which effects the community including themselves.

Non biodegdrable material which do not decompose or converted into biodegdrable substances can produce polluted conditions. This type of dumping allows biodegradable materials to decompose under uncontrolled and unhygienic conditions. This produces foul smell and breeds various types of insects and infections organisms besides spoiling the aesthetic of the site.

House hold, commercial and industrial wastes are chief resources of poisonous or toxic solid and chemical waste, which slowly mix and cover the fertile land and

change the ecological, biochemical features making the soil infertile.

Commercial and industrial excretory wastes products which are hazardous can change ecological standards and biochemical and physiological conditions which can affect fertility of soil. Industrial solid wastes are sources of toxic metals and hazardous wastes, which may spread on land and can cause changes in physicochemical and biological characteristics thereby affecting productivity of soil.

Toxic substances may leach or percolate to contaminate the ground water. In refuse mixing, the hazardous wastes are mixed with garbage and other combustible wastes. product which are This makes segregation and disposal all the more difficult and risky.

4.1 Advantages or Benefits of Waste Management :

 This can be profitable for both environmental as well as commercial

 Keeps the environment clean and fresh.

 Saves the Earth and conserves energy.

 Reduces environmental pollution.

 We can earn good profit by management of wastes.

4.2 Techniques of disposal of solid wastes managements:

1. Open burning of solid

waste : Not an ideal method in the present day context.

2. Dumping into sea :  Possible only in coastal cities

 Very costly

 Not environment friendly 3. Sanitary landfills of solid

waste : In this method effective garbage is spread out in thin layers, compacted and covered with clay or plastic form. Methane produced by decomposition is collected and burnt to produce electricity or heat.

4. Engineered landfills of

solid wastes : A well designed and lined out leachate collection mechanism is to be provided.

5. Incineration of solid waste.

The term in cinerates means to burn something until nothing is left but ashes

:  A method suited for combustible refuse.

 Refuse in burnt

 High construction and operation cost.

6. Composting :  Similar to sanitary land filling.

 Good soil conditioner and may be used as base for fertilizers.

 Popular in developing countries.

 Composting of vermi is ideal for biodegradable waste from kitchen, hotels etc.

7. Disposal by ploughing into

field. :  Not very commonly used.

 Not environmental friendly.

8. Disposal by hog feeding :  Not common in India.

 Disposal of garbage into sewer.

9. Salvaging : Materials like paper, metal, glass, rages, certain types of plastic etc. can be salvaged, recycled and reused.

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10. Fermentation or biological

digestion :  Biological waste – convert to compost.

 Recycle whatever is possible

 Hazardous wastes – dispose it by suitable methods.

 Landfill or incinerate the rest.

5 RESTRICTIONS

1. The soil should dry before Appling this technique and process.

2. Limited data are available for systems treating hazardous wastes containing PCB, dioxins and open organics.

3. Reactor chamber is used to recycle the molten salt.

4. When the off gases are cooled, liquids condense, producing an oil/residue and contaminated water.

These are hazardous wastes, requiring proper treatment and disposal.

6 CONCLUSION

Solid waste management includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. Waste management deals with all types of waste including industrial, biological, house hold, municipal, organic, biomedical etc. In some cause, waste can

pose or threat to human health. By applying solid waste management techniques we can reduce bad effects of pollution and can prevent the human society from its fatal effects.

REFERENCES

1. Dhana. R Raju "Waste Management in India – An overview" United International Journal for Research and Technology (UIJRT), 2021, 02(7);

175-196.

2. National Waste & Recycling Association,

"History of Solid waste Management", Washington D.C., 9 Dec. 2013.

3. Chandi Appa. R and Das D.B., "Solid Waste Management Principles and practice", 2012, Springer Publication.

4. Anand. S, "Solid Waste Management", Mittal Publication, 2010.

5. Dhamija, U. "Sustainable Solid Waste Management Issues Political and Structures", 2006, Academic Foundation Publication.

6. Hosetti. B.B. "Prospects and Perspective of Solid Waste Management", 2006, New Age International Publication.

7. Cheremisineff N.P., "Hand book of Solid Waste Management and waste minimization technologies" 2003, B.H. Publishing House.